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Ch 10. Rankine Cycle Rankine Cycle Thermodynamics Chapter 1. Basics 2. Pure Substances 3. First Law 4. Energy Analysis 5. Second Law 6. Entropy 7. Exergy Analysis 8. Gas Power Cyc 9. Brayton Cycle 10. Rankine Cycle Appendix Basic Math Units Thermo Tables Reheat Regeneration Cogeneration Case Intro Theory
Case Solution
Simulation
THERMODYNAMICS - THEORY
Thermodynamic cycles can be divided into two general categories: power cycles, which produce a net power output, and refrigeration and heat pump cycles, which consume a net power input. The thermodynamic power cycles can be categorized as gas cycles and vapor cycles. In gas cycles, the working fluid remains in the gas phase throughout the entire cycle. In vapor cycles, the working fluid exits as vapor phase during one part of the cycle and as liquid phase during another part of the cycle. Steam power plants run vapor power cycles with water as the working fluid. This section introduces the ideal cycle for vapor power cycle - Rankine cycle.
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eBooks Dynamics Fluids Math Mechanics Multimedia Mems Statics Thermodynamics Author(s): Meirong Huang Kurt Gramoll Kurt Gramoll
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All four components associated with the ideal Rankine cycle are steady-flow devices, and thus all four processes that make up the Rankine cycle can be analyzed as steady-flow process. The kinetic and potential energy changes of water are small relative to the heat and work terms, are thus neglected. Energy analysis of the four components are given below. Pump (process 1-2): Pump pressurized the liquid water from the condenser prior to going back to the boiler. Assuming no heat transfer with the surroundings, the energy balance in the pump is
Schematic of the Rankine Cycle
wpump, in = h2 - h1 Boiler (process 2-3): Liquid water enters the boiler and is heated to superheated state in the boiler. The energy balance in the boiler is qin = h3 - h2 Turbine (process 3-4): Steam from the boiler, which has an elevated temperature and pressure, expands through the turbine to produce work and then is discharged to the condenser with relatively low pressure. Neglecting heat transfer with the surroundings, the energy balance in the turbine is wturbine, out = h3 - h4 Condenser (process 4-1): Steam from the turbine is condensed to liquid water in the condenser. The energy balance in the condenser is qout = h4 - h1 For the whole cycle, the energy balance can be obtained by summarizing the four energy equations above. It yields, (qin- qout) - (wturbine, out - wpump, in) = 0 The thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle is determined from
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condenser
where the subscript a means the actual value and subscript s means the isentropic value.
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