Definations of computer, computer system & its related terms

1.Data:
Raw form of facts and figures

2.Information:
Meaningful and processed data is known as information.

Differnece between data & information

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Data Facts, statistics used for reference or analysis. Numbers, characters, symbols, images etc., which can be processed by a computer. Data must be interpreted, by a human or machine, to derive meaning

Sr.# 1. 2.

Information Information is interpreted data Information is any kind of knowledge that is exchangeable amongst people, about things, facts, concepts, etc., in some context. When information is entered into and stored in a computer, it is generally referred to as data. After processing (such as formatting and printing), output data can again be perceived as information. Meaningful and processed data

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4. 5. 6.

"Data is a representation of information" Latin 'datum' meaning "that which is given Data plural, datum singular

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3.Knowledge:
When information is packaged or used for understanding or doing something, it is known as knowledge.

4.What is a computer ?
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or "data." It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. We can use a computer to type documents, send email, 1

and browse the internet for getting more information about related topics from all over the world. We can also use it to handle spreadsheets, accounting, database management, presentations, games, and more. Personal computers are found in most aspects of daily life, and for some it is hard to even imagine a world without them.

5.What is a computer system ?

A complete, working computer. Computer systems will include the computer along with any software and peripheral devices that are necessary to make the computer function. Every computer system, for example, requires an operating system.

6.Modern Computers:
Modern computers are electronic and digital. The actual machinery -- wires,transistors, and circuits -- is called hardware; the instructions and data are called software. All general-purpose computers require the following hardware components: memory : Enables a computer to store, at least temporarily, data and programs. mass storage device : Allows a computer to permanently retain large amounts of data. Common mass storage devices include disk drives and tape drives. input device : Usually a keyboard and mouse, the input device is the conduit through which data and instructions enter a computer.

output device : A display screen, printer, or other device that lets you see what the computer has accomplished. central processing unit (CPU): The heart of the computer, this is the component that actually executes instructions.

In addition to these components, many others make it possible for the basic components to work together efficiently. For example, every computer requires a bus that transmits data from one part of the computer to another.

7.Basic Structure of Computers

Basic structure of computers includes : 1.Functional Units 2.Basic Operational concepts 3.Bus structure

Functional Units

Basic functional units of a computer I/o devices:

Used to put data into the computer and after processing get the input in softcopy or Hard copy

Memory Unit:
It is used for store programs and data which can be fetch after for processing that dat and get the results. 3

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU):

Most computer operations are executed in ALU of the processor. Load the operands into memory , bring them to the processor , perform operation in ALU , store the result back to memory or retain in the processor.

Control Unit:
All computer operations are controlled by the control unit.

Basic Operational concepts:

In this computer starts operations which command give it to the computer.

Bus structure :
In computer bus is used for transfer of signals from one place to another.

8.Benefits of Computers
Computers today are becoming as important part of our lives as pen and paper were about fifty years ago. No one can denying that it is more useful electronic machine because of many benefits we get from using computers. The many advantages of computers include: 1. Computers have made lot of computational and clerical work easy. 2. Computers have made many tasks of modern life like buying and banking more convenient. We can shop and bank from our homes any time of the day and night. 3. Computers has given easy access to lot of useful information through the Internet. 4. Computers have made it easy for us to communicate and keep in touch with others. 5. Computers have made available to us many new form of entertainment like computer games. 6. Now computer made very useful in business field as manual work is so difficult for the large organizations,so very technical and popular softwares are installed in computers to perform the tasks related to businesses.For example in making of financial statements of any org. computer will do better work. 7. Similarly in field of medical it brings revolutionary changes that which task is to perform in past is so difficult becomes so easy in present . 8. In field of education computer performs very well as in this century every child is well aware of computer so it also helps them in their studies as well.

9.Benefits of IT in Banking & Finance

Computers are getting more sophisticated. They have given banks a potential they could only dream about and have given bank customers high expectations. Advantages in banking: The advantages accruing from computerization are three-directional - to the customer, to the bank and to the employee. For the customer. Banks are aware of customer's need for new services and plan to make them available. IT has increased the level of competition and forced them to integrate the new technologies in order to satisfy their customers. They have already developed and implemented a certain number of solutions among them: Self-inquiry facility Remote banking Anytime banking Telebanking Electronic Banking

For the bank. During the last decade, banks applied IT to a wide range of back and front office tasks in addition to a great number of new products. The major advantages for the bank to implement IT are:

Availability of a wide range of inquiry facilities, assisting the bank in business development and follow-up. Immediate replies to customer queries without reference to ledger-keeper as terminals are provided to Managers and Chief Managers. Automatic and prompt carrying out of standing instructions on due date and generation of reports. Generation of various MIS reports and periodical returns on due dates. Fast and up-to-date information transfer enabling speedier decisions, by interconnecting computerized branches and controlling offices.

For the employees. IT has increased their productivity through the followings:

Accurate computing of cumbersome and time-consuming jobs such as balancing and interest calculations on due dates. Automatic printing of covering schedules, deposit receipts, pass book / pass sheet, freeing the staff from performing these time-consuming jobs, and enabling them to give more attention to the needs of the customer. Signature retrieval facility, assisting in verification of transactions, sitting at their own terminal. Avoidance of duplication of entries due to existence of single-point data entry.

Advantages in Finance: Information technology has many uses in finance. From trading financial instruments to keeping records of personal budgets to reporting the earnings of a business, computer technology is used by financial companies daily. Information technology allows the rapid calculation of financial statistics, as well as electronic transfers of money. 1. Trading Financial trading is enhanced with information technology. Some computer systems even trade for the users. A system is programmed to enter buy and sell orders when the price of a stock or bond reaches a certain level, and automatically closes the order when the target price or the stop-loss is reached. 2.Reporting Financial reports are also improved with information technology. Traders can quickly sort out the records. They can easily find the statistical data they need to determine which companies to invest in. 3.Function Financial data can be easily transferred with information technology. Instead of using checks and checking accounts, information technology can clear a transaction instantly. A debit or credit card purchase is rapidly compared with the user's account balance, allowing a bank to decide whether to allow a transaction. Information technology allows transactions during weekends and holidays, when there is no staff working at the bank. 4.Convenience Personal finance is simplified using information technology. Banks provide data on checking and savings deposits and withdrawals in standardized formats. A customer can download account transactions and store them in records on a home computer. Personal finance software includes additional features, such as charts and reports, that show home users what they are spending money on and where their funds are coming from. 5.Budgeting and Bookkeeping Information technology is also helpful for companies that are considering financial transactions. Computer systems calculate and display the interest and principal of a loan, and estimate the returns on investment when the company borrows money to expand its operations. Companies can securely transfer data online, and the computer system records all transfers, which simplifies bookkeeping.

10.What factors are required to purchase the computer system?

It is very simple: 1. Make sure the speed of the computer is tolerable. 2. Check how much memory it has. the more memory, the better. 3. Check the price. Always compare, and try to find the unit rates of how much youre spending. 4. Check the physical features, like shape, size, and weight. Fifth, always try to make sure a computer has WiFi for wireless internet.

If you test all these factors, and you like it all, the computer will be perfect for you.

11.Input/Output devices of computer :

Input / Output and Storage Devices
Input Keyboard Mouse Trackballs Touchpads Pointing Sticks Joysticks Pen Input Touch Screen Light Pen Digitizer Graphics Tablet Scanner Microphone Electronic Whiteboard Video Cards Audio Cards Output Monitor Printers (all types) Audio Card Plotters LCD Projection Panels Computer Output Microfilm (COM) Facsimile (FAX) Speaker(s) . . . . . . . .