INTRODUCTION

Leadership
Leadership has been described as the process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. Definitions more inclusive of followers have also emerged. Alan Keith of Genentech states that, "Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen. Effective leadership is the ability to successfully integrate and maximize available resources within the internal and external environment for the attainment of organizational or societal goals.

Fig No 1.1

Definition of Leadership

The meaning of a message is the change which it produces in the image. Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership knowledge and skills. This is called Process Leadership. However, we know that we have traits that can influence our actions. This is called Trait Leadership, in that it was once common to believe that leaders were born rather than made. These two leadership types are shown in the chart. While leadership is learned, the skills and knowledge processed by the leader can be influenced by his or hers attributes or traits, such as beliefs, values, ethics, and character. Knowledge and skills contribute directly to the process of leadership, while the other attributes give the leader certain characteristics that make him or her unique.

Traits of a Leader
o

Honest Display sincerity, integrity, and candor in all your actions. Deceptive
behavior will not inspire trust.

Competent Base your actions on reason and moral principles. Do not make
decisions based on childlike emotional desires or feelings.

Forward-looking set goals and have a vision of the future. The vision must
be owned throughout the organization. Effective leaders envision what they want and how to get it. They habitually pick priorities stemming from their basic values.

Inspiring Display confidence in all that you do. By showing endurance in

mental, physical, and spiritual stamina, you will inspire others to reach for new heights. Take charge when necessary.

o o

Intelligent Read, study, and seek challenging assignments. Fair-minded

Show

fair treatment to all people. Prejudice is the enemy of

justice. Display empathy by being sensitive to the feelings, values, interests, and well-being of others.
o o

Broad-minded Seek out diversity. Courageous Have the perseverance to accomplish a goal, regardless of the
seemingly insurmountable obstacles. Display a confident calmness when under stress.

Straightforward Use sound judgment to make a good decisions at the right

time.

Imaginative Make timely and appropriate changes in your thinking, plans,

and methods. Show creativity by thinking of new and better goals, ideas, and solutions to problems. Be innovative!

PROCESS OF LEADERSHIP

Fig No 1.2

Four Factors of Leadership

There are four major factors in leadership:

Fig No 1.3 1. Leader 2. Followers 3. Communication

4. Situation

Leader
You must have an honest understanding of who you are, what you know, and what you can do. Also, note that it is the followers, not the leader or someone else who determines if the leader is successful. If they do not trust or lack confidence in their leader, then they will be uninspired. To be successful you have to convince your followers, not yourself or your superiors, that you are worthy of being followed.

Followers
Different people require different styles of leadership. For example, a new hire requires more supervision than an experienced employee. A person who lacks motivation requires a different approach than one with a high degree of motivation. You must know your people! The fundamental starting point is having a good understanding of human nature, such as needs, emotions, and motivation. You must come to know your employees' be, know, and do attributes.

Communication
You lead through two-way communication. Much of it is nonverbal. For instance, when you set the example, that communicates to your people that you would not ask them to perform anything that you would not be willing to do. What and how you communicate either builds or harms the relationship between you and your employees.

Situations
All situations are different. What you do in one situation will not always work in another. You must use your judgment to decide the best course of action and the leadership style needed for each situation. For example, you may need to confront an employee for inappropriate behavior, but if the confrontation is too late or too early, too harsh or too weak, then the results may prove ineffective.

Boss or Leader?
Although your position as a manager, supervisor, lead, etc. gives you the authority to accomplish certain tasks and objectives in the organization (called Assigned Leadership), this power does not make you a leader, it simply makes you the boss. Leadership differs in that it makes the followers want to achieve high goals (called Emergent Leadership), rather than simply bossing people around. Thus you get Assigned Leadership by your position and you display Emergent Leadership by influencing people to do great things.

Fig no - 1.4

Total Leadership
What makes a person want to follow a leader? People want to be guided by those they respect and who have a clear sense of direction. To gain respect, they must be ethical. A sense of direction is achieved by conveying a strong vision of the future. When a person is deciding if she respects you as a leader, she does not think about your attributes, rather, she observes what you do so that she can know who you really are. She uses this observation to tell if you are an honorable and trusted leader or a self-serving person who misuses authority to look good and get promoted. Self-serving leaders are not as effective because their employees only obey them, not follow them. They succeed in many areas because they present a good image to their seniors at the expense of their workers.

Fig no- 1.5

Be Know Do

The basis of good leadership is honorable character and selfless service to your organization. In your employees' eyes, your leadership is everything you do that effects the organization's objectives and their well-being. Respected leaders concentrate on:
o o o

what they are [be] (such as beliefs and character) what they know (such as job, tasks, and human nature) what they do (such as implementing, motivating, and providing direction). What makes a person want to follow a leader? People want to be guided by those they respect and who have a clear sense of direction. To gain respect, they must be ethical. A sense of direction is achieved by conveying a strong vision of the future.

The Two Most Important Keys to Effective Leadership

According to a study by the Hay Group, a global management consultancy, there are 75 key components of employee satisfaction. They found that:
o

Trust and confidence in top leadership was the single most reliable predictor of employee satisfaction in an organization.

Effective communication by leadership in three critical areas was the key to winning organizational trust and confidence: 1. 2. Helping employees understand the company's overall business strategy. Helping employees understand how they contribute to achieving key business objectives.

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3.

Sharing information with employees on both how the company is doing and how an employee's own division is doing relative to strategic business objectives.

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Theories of Leadership

New methods and measurements were developed after these influential reviews that would ultimately reestablish the theories as a viable approach to the study of leadership.

There are 6 theories of Leadership:-

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Trait Theory Behavioral and Style theories. Situational and contingency theories. Functional Theories. Transaction and Transformation Theories. Neo-Emergent Theories.

1.

Trait Theory: - New methods and measurements were developed after these
influential reviews that would ultimately reestablish the trait theory as a viable approach to the study of leadership.

Leadership researchers revealed the following significant between leadership and such individual traits as :

relationship exits

intelligence adjustment extraversion

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conscientiousness openness to experience general self-efficacy

2.

Behavioral and Style theories:- In response to the early criticisms of the

trait approach, theorists began to research leadership as a set of behaviors, evaluating the behavior of 'successful' leaders, determining a behavior taxonomy and identifying broad leadership styles. For example, Leadership takes a strong personality with a well developed positive ego. Not so much as a pattern of motives.

3.

Situational and contingency theories: - This theory assumes that different

situations call for different characteristics; according to this group of theories, no single optimal psychographic profile of a leader exists. According to the theory, "what an individual actually does when acting as a leader is in large part dependent upon characteristics of the situation in which he functions.

4.

Functional Theories: - Functional leadership theory is a particularly useful

theory for addressing specific leader behaviors expected to contribute to organizational or unit effectiveness. This theory argues that the leader's main job is to see that whatever is necessary to group needs is taken care of; thus, a leader can be said to have done their job well when they have contributed to group effectiveness and cohesion. These functions include: (1) environmental monitoring, (2) organizing subordinate activities, (3) teaching and coaching subordinates, (4) motivating others, and (5) intervening actively in the group's work

5.

Transaction and Transformation Theories: - The transactional leader

is given power to perform certain tasks and reward or punish for the team's performance. It gives the opportunity to the manager to lead the group and the group agrees to follow

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his lead to accomplish a predetermined goal in exchange for something else. Power is given to the leader to evaluate, correct and train subordinates when productivity is not up to the desired level and reward effectiveness when expected outcome is reached. The transformational leader motivates its team to be effective and efficient. Communication is the base for goal achievement focusing the group on the final desired outcome or goal attainment. This leader is highly visible and uses chain of command to get the job done. Transformational leaders focus on the big picture, needing to be surrounded by people who take care of the details. The leader is always looking for ideas that move the organization to reach the company's vision.

6.

Neo-Emergent Theories: - The Neo-emergent leadership theory espouses

that leadership is created through the emergence of information by the leader or other stakeholders, not through the true actions of the leader himself. In other words, the reproduction of information or stories form the basis of the perception of leadership by the majority. In modern society, the press, blogs and other sources report their own views of a leader, which may be based on reality, but may also be based on a political command, a payment, or an inherent interest of the author, media or leader. Therefore, it can be contended that the perception of all leaders is created and in fact does not reflect their true leadership qualities at all.

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Styles of Leadership:Leadership style refers to a leader's behavior. It is the result of the philosophy, personality and experience of the leader.

There are 4 Styles of Leadership:1. Autocratic/Authoritarian Style 2. Participative/Democratic Style 3. Laissez-faire/Free Reign Style 4. Narcissistic leadership

1. Autocratic/Authoritarian Style: - Under the autocratic leadership style, all

decision-making powers are centralized in the leader, as with dictator leaders. They do not entertain any suggestions or initiatives from subordinates. The autocratic management has been successful as it provides strong motivation to the manager. It permits quick decision-making, as only one person decides for the whole group and keeps each decision to himself until he feels it is needed to be shared with the rest of the group.

2. Participative/Democratic Style: - The democratic leadership style favors

decision-making by the group as shown, such as leader gives instruction after consulting the group. They can win the co-operation of their group and can motivate them effectively and positively. The decisions of the democratic leader are not unilateral as with the autocrat because they arise from consultation with the group members and participation by them.

3. Laissez-faire/Free Reign Style: - A free-rein leader does not lead, but leaves
the group entirely to itself as shown; such a leader allows maximum freedom to subordinates, i.e., they are given a free hand in deciding their own policies and methods. Different situations call for different leadership styles. In an emergency

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when there is little time to converge on an agreement and where a designated authority has significantly more experience or expertise than the rest of the team, an autocratic leadership style may be most effective; however, in a highly motivated and aligned team with a homogeneous level of expertise, a more democratic or laissezfaire style may be more effective. The style adopted should be the one that most effectively achieves the objectives of the group while balancing the interests of its individual members.

4. Narcissistic leadership: - Various academics such as Kets de Vries, Maccoby

and Thomas have identified narcissistic leadership as an important and common leadership style.

Fig no: - 1.6

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Principles of Leadership
To help you be, know, and do, follow these eleven principles of leadership. The later chapters in this Leadership guide expand on these principles and provide tools for implementing them:

1. Know yourself and seek self-improvement - In order to know yourself,

you have to understand your be, know, and do, attributes. Seeking selfimprovement means continually strengthening your attributes. This can be accomplished through self-study, formal classes, reflection, and interacting with others.

2. Be technically proficient - As a leader, you must know your job and have a
solid familiarity with your employees' tasks.

3. Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your actions - Search

for ways to guide your organization to new heights. And when things go wrong, they always do sooner or later do not blame others. Analyze the situation, take corrective action, and move on to the next challenge.

4. Make sound and timely decisions - Use good problem solving, decision
making, and planning tools.

5. Set the example - Be a good role model for your employees. They must not
only hear what they are expected to do, but also see. We must become the change we want to see - Mahatma Gandhi

6. Know your people and look out for their well-being - Know human
nature and the importance of sincerely caring for your workers.

7. Keep your workers informed - Know how to communicate with not only
them, but also seniors and other key people.

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8. Develop a sense of responsibility in your workers - Help to develop

good character traits that will help them carry out their professional responsibilities.

9. Ensure that tasks are understood, supervised, and accomplished Communication is the key to this responsibility.

10.Train as a team - Although many so called leaders call their organization,

department, section, etc. a team; they are not really teams...they are just a group of people doing their jobs.

11.Use the full capabilities of your organization - By developing a team

spirit, you will be able to employ your organization, department, section, etc. to its fullest capabilities.

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10 Essential Business Leadership Skills

10 key business leadership skills are:

1. Lead By Example. You cant be an aloof leader, someone thats never

around and incapable of getting your hands dirty. One of the best ways to lead is by example pitching in where needed, lending a helping hand, and making sure that the work you do is clearly understood by your team.

2. Passion.

A leader without passion isnt a leader. Hes a paper pusher. Or a

taskmaster. Or a government employee Passion drives a lot, and you can inspire so much in others through your own passion and enthusiasm. That doesnt mean you have to be constantly cheery, it means youve got to believe in what youre doing and what your company is doing.

3. Be Organized. A disorganized leader isnt leading, hes chasing his own tail.
Disorganization breeds nothing but more disorganization. If youre frazzled and messy, your team will be too. When youre organized youll be much more productive and so will everyone else.

4. Delegate . You cant do everything. A great leader needs to be able to delegate

effectively. The key to delegating successfully is giving employees ownership of the work you assign them. They cant just feel like they own the work, they really have to.

5. Take Ownership and Responsibility. Although youve just delegated

work and truly given your team ownership, you also have to take ownership and responsibility at all times. Your team has to know youll be there for them through the good and the bad times. That doesnt mean you absolve people from

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making mistakes or ignore crappy work/effort, but it does mean you take responsibility for the big picture.

6. Communicate Effectively. Duh. Everyone knows great leaders have to be

great communicators. But there are certain points of communication that many people forget. For example, its critical that you communicate to employees how their work matters in the bigger picture. Communicating success is also something leaders forget to do. People need affirmation. They want to know they did a good job. You just have to tell them. And be precise. Insecure leaders will often ramble; uninterested leaders cut things off to quickly. Whether youre giving praise, providing constructive criticism, or defining goals and to-dos, you have to figure out how much to say and in what order. Be precise, specific and concise. Get to the point.

7. Be Brave and Honest. Cowardly leaders will shy away from any number of
situations that crop up regularly when running a team. The project your team has worked on for 6 months just got shelved. Now what? Or you have to talk to someone about their lack of effort recently Or maybe its time to take your product into a new market. Leaders are brave.

8. Great Listener. A huge part of being a great communicator is being a great

listener. If all you want to do is talk, youre not a leader. Keeping people motivated means listening to them, asking them questions, understanding their issues. When you listen more, you can respond more effectively and get to the heart of things much faster.

9. Know Your People. You have to know your people. You dont have to be
best friends or even socialize outside work, but you do have to know what makes them tick. You need to know something about their personal lives because their lives outside work matter. Their lives outside work drive a great deal of their success (or lack of) at work. Keep track of simple things: birthdays, marriages,

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children, etc. The more you know your people the more common ground youre likely to find, the more youll be able to connect.

10.Be a Follower. That sums up many of the other points so beautifully. Great
leaders are followers too. If youre a leader without following, youre a dictator. And as fun as that sounds Being a leader-follower means finding value in your team, getting inspired by your team, encouraging your team to communicate, brainstorm and be open.

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IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP
Leadership is an important function of management which helps to maximize efficiency and to achieve organizational goals. The following points justify the importance of leadership in a concern.

1. Initiates action- Leader is a person who starts the work by communicating the
policies and plans to the subordinates from where the work actually starts.

2. Motivation- A leader proves to be playing an incentive role in the concerns

working. He motivates the employees with economic and non-economic rewards and thereby gets the work from the subordinates.

3. Providing guidance- A leader has to not only supervise but also play a
guiding role for the subordinates. Guidance here means instructing the subordinates the way they have to perform their work effectively and efficiently.

4. Creating confidence- Confidence is an important factor which can be

achieved through expressing the work efforts to the subordinates, explaining them clearly their role and giving them guidelines to achieve the goals effectively. It is also important to hear the employees with regards to their complaints and problems.

5. Building morale- Morale denotes willing co-operation of the employees

towards their work and getting them into confidence and winning their trust. A leader can be a morale booster by achieving full co-operation so that they perform with best of their abilities as they work to achieve goals.

6. Builds work environment- Management is getting things done from people.

An efficient work environment helps in sound and stable growth. Therefore, human relations should be kept into mind by a leader. He should have personal

22

contacts with employees and should listen to their problems and solve them. He should treat employees on humanitarian terms.

7. Co-ordination- Co-ordination can be achieved through reconciling personal

interests with organizational goals. This synchronization can be achieved through proper and effective co-ordination which should be primary motive of leadership.

Leadership is an important function of management which helps to maximize efficiency and to achieve organizational goals.

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OBJECTIVES

The objectives of study strategic challenges for leadership are:

1. To know about Initiates action- Leader is a person who starts the work by
communicating the policies and plans to the subordinates from where the work actually starts.

2. To know Motivation- A leader proves to be playing an incentive role in the

concerns working. He motivates the employees with economic and noneconomic rewards and thereby gets the work from the subordinates.

3. To know how to providing guidance- A leader has to not only supervise

but also play a guiding role for the subordinates. Guidance here means instructing the subordinates the way they have to perform their work effectively and efficiently.

4. To know about their confidence- Confidence is an important factor which

can be achieved through expressing the work efforts to the subordinates, explaining them clearly their role and giving them guidelines to achieve the goals effectively. It is also important to hear the employees with regards to their complaints and problems.

5. To learn building morale- Morale denotes willing co-operation of the

employees towards their work and getting them into confidence and winning their trust. A leader can be a morale booster by achieving full co-operation so that they perform with best of their abilities as they work to achieve goals.

6. To know how they Builds work environment- Management is getting

things done from people. An efficient work environment t helps in sound and stable growth. Therefore, human relations should be kept into mind by a leader.

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He should have personal contacts with employees and should listen to their problems and solve them. He should treat employees on humanitarian terms.

7. To know about team Co-ordination- Co-ordination can be achieved

through reconciling personal interests with organizational goals. This synchronization can be achieved through proper and effective co-ordination which should be primary motive of a leader.

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RESEARCH METHEDOLOGY
Research can be defined as the search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, with an open mind, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories, usually using a scientific method. The primary purpose for basic research (as opposed to applied research) is discovering, interpreting, and the development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge on a wide variety of scientific matters of our world and the universe.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
It is a system of principles or methods of procedure in any discipline, such as education, research, diagnosis, or treatment.

IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH

1. Explain what a theory is and is not. 2. Define and recognize the differences among theories, hypotheses, and opinions. 3. Summarize what you should learn from Exploring Research. 4. Describe 8 characteristics of good research. 5. Describe how a scientific method goes about formulating and answering a question. 6. Describe the common steps taken in conducting research. 7. Describe the major difference between non experimental and experimental research. 8. Briefly describe the goals of descriptive, historical, correlation, and qualitative, experimental, and quasi-experimental research.

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TYPES OF RESEARCH

The basic types of research are as follows:

(i) Descriptive vs. Analytical: Descriptive research includes surveys and factfinding enquiries of different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at present. In social science and business research we quite often use the term Ex post facto research for descriptive research studies. The main characteristic of this method is that the researcher has no control over the

(ii) Applied vs. Fundamental: Research can either be applied (or action) research
or fundamental (to basic or pure) research. Applied research aims at finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an industrial/business organization, whereas fundamental research is mainly concerned with generalizations and with the formulation of a theory

(iii) Quantitative vs. Qualitative: Quantitative research is based on the

measurement of quantity or amount. It is applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity. Qualitative research, on the other hand, is concerned with qualitative phenomenon, i.e., phenomena relating to or involving quality or kind. For instance, when we are interested in investigating the reasons for human behavior, we quite often talk of Motivation Research,

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SOURCES OF RESEARCH

PRIMARY SOURCE
A primary source is an original object or document -- the raw material or first-hand information. Primary sources include historical and legal documents, eyewitness accounts, results of experiments, statistical data, pieces of creative writing, and art objects. In the natural and social sciences, primary sources are often empirical studies -research where an experiment was done or a direct observation was made. The results of empirical studies are typically found in scholarly articles or papers delivered at conferences, so those articles and papers that present the original results are considered primary sources.

SECONDRY SOURCE
A secondary source is something written about a primary source. Secondary sources include comments on, interpretations of, or discussions about the original material. You can think of secondary sources as second-hand information. If I tell you something, I am the primary source. If you tell someone else what I told you, you are the secondary source. Secondary source materials can be articles in newspapers or popular magazines, book or movie reviews, or articles found in scholarly journals that discuss or evaluate someone else's original research.

This topic is based on contemporary management issue and all the data for this topic is collected from secondary sources like books , newspapers etc.

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Strategic Challenges of Leadership

Leaders have to face critical challenges like supporting new organizational structure and dealing with growing variation in employees relations And changing global scenario.

A LEADER HAS TO CREATE HOPE- a plausible story about a better future for the orgnization. Everyone shoulld be able to see the rainbow and catch the part of it. This means instilling trust which requires adherence to a value system that enhances the confidence, commitment and enthusiasm of the people. - N.R.NARAYANA MURTHY

CHALLENGES FOR LEADERS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

ORGNIZATIONAL CHALLENGES HUMAN RESOURCE CHALLENGES ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES CULTURAL CHALLENGES MANAGING WORKFORCE DIVERSITY

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1.

ORGNIZATIONAL CHALLENGES

EXPANSION DOWNSIZING RESTRUCTURING

2. CHALLENGES FOR LEADERS IN HR MANAGEMENT

DEPLOYMENT THE WORKFORCE

TALENT

IDENTIFICATION

AND

HR MANAGERS NEED TO ENSURE THAT HAS THE RIGHT SKILL TO MEET THE

ORGNIZATION FUTURE NEED. STRUCTURE FIT HUMAN CAPITAL DEVLOPMENT PERFORMANCE INTO ORGNIZATIONAL AND LEARNING WITH

STRUCTURE

EMPLOYEES SKILL AND BEHAVIOUR. REWARD MANAGENENT LINKING REWARD TO THE PERFORMANCE EMPLOYEE RELATION CREATING WORK ENVIRONMENT THAT

ENCOURAGES HIGH PERFORMANCE COMMITMENTS TO RESPECT EMPLOYEE NEEDS AND

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 AND JOB SATISFACTION FEELING OF JOB

ENSURING HIGH EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT

TO HELP EMPLOYEES OVERCOME THE INSECURITY

3. ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES

UNDERSTANDIN CULTURAL DIFFRENCES ORGNIZATIONS HAVE TO COMETE IN GLOBAL MARKET HAVE TO DEAL WITH DIVERSE CULTURE.

DIMENSIONS OF CULTURE EFFECTING WORK RELATED ATTITUDES: INDIVIDUALISM VS COLLECTIVISM POWER DISTANCE UNCERTAINITYB AVOIDANCE MASCULANITY VS FEMININITY TIME ORIENTATION

4.

DEVELOPING CROSS CULTURAL SENSITIVITY

SUPPORTING A DIVERSE WORK FORCE DEVLOPING A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF VARIOUS HR FUNCTIONS SUCH AS HRP, RECRUITEMENT, TRAINING AND SELECTION,

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POSSESS ADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE LEGAL SYSTEMS OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES

UNDERSTANDING GLOBAL ECONOMICS,CULTURE AND CUSTOMS HELP EMPLOYEE INTERACT WITH PEOPLE FROM OTHER CULTURES

5.

MANAGING WORKFORCE DIVERSITY

LACK OF ADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT MOVING WORKGROUPS. INABILITY TO COMMUNICATE WITH EMPLOYEES WHO

CULTURALLY DIVERSE. GENDRE DIVERSITY GLASS CEILING EFFECT AGE DIVERSITY PEOPLE BELONG TO DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS HAVE DIFFERENT ATTITUDES AND VALUES CULTURAL DIVERSITY.

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MAIN STRATEGIC CHALLENGES FACED BY A LEADER:-

1. People do not naturally want to be led by you.

It may come as a shock, but no one is particularly interested in working for YOU. A promotion and a title might bestow grudging tolerance and even a little bit of deference, but never credibility or true respect. First, prove your credibility and then earn their respect.

2. Everyone has an agendathey just dont always share it.

New leaders like to believe that everyone looks at business challenges, department objectives and initiatives from the same perspective theirs. Learn to truly pay attention to your associates, in order to understand their unique agendas, motivations, interests, and ambitions.

3. The personal problems of your associates will become your problems if you let them (and sometimes you cant help it).
New Managers, and even experienced ones, attract their teams personal problems like flowers attract bees. You will find yourself on the receiving end of peoples challenges in their personal lives, with their health, their finances, their romances, their children, and just about every other dilemma that humans encounter.

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Learn to keep the focus on business but remember to be a human being.

4. Your instinct says Do it because Im the boss. Your instinct is wrong.

Because I said so is best left for your parenting chores and checked at the door when you enter the office. Success comes when you realize that you are not the subject.

5. It takes time to learn and internalize the parable of:

Recognize that people do not change their nature.

6. We all have weaknesses; dont make them your focal point.

Its not your responsibility to fix the flaws of your associates. Learn to leverage peoples strengths and develop teams where the members have complementary skills, and you will succeed beyond your wildest dreams.

7. The key to leading people is obvious. Too bad no one will tell you what it is.
Well, Art will the answer is Respect. Its all about treating people with respect.

8. The most important part of your job is probably not in your job description.

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Creating an effective work environment is your real job.

9. Beware of over-investing your time and energy with the wrong people.
Every manager will at some point get to deal with a brilliant problem child employee with outstanding technical skills but fatal flaws when it comes to people skills. These employees lack the emotional intelligence to recognize their aberrant behaviors, and therefore rarely if ever change. When dealing these employees, be fair and be decisive.

10. You are responsible for your teams results.

Its your name on the door and you are accountable. Its not pleasant to feel the cold hand of reality slapping you across the face, but then again, its real life.

11. Creating and Maintaining a Diversified Team

All leaders work with teams. These teams include diverse individuals with different backgrounds, experiences and even ethnicitys. One of the greatest challenges of leadership in modern society is finding ways to create a unified front among team members.

12. Inspiring Others To Share The Leaders/Organizational Vision

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A mission and vision are essential to any successful business. It is not enough however, for a leader to promote a vision or mission. Rather, it is the role of a leader to ensure that every member of their team and the organization share a common mission and vision.

13. Facilitating Open and Clear Communication Among Coworkers

Clear and concise communication is essential for success. A leader has a duty to communicate well with others, but also teach others how to communicate clearly. AJU offers an online Certificate in Business Communication that teaches students how to communicate better when working in groups or alone in the workplace.

14. Empowering Incumbents To Take Action

The days of micromanagement are over. Nowadays, employees want to feel inspired. The best way to inspire employees is by empowering them to excel and achieve. A leaders role includes providing employees the ability to make proactive choices.

15. Providing Inspiration To Others

Last, but certainly not least, a leader must provide inspiration to others. Some of the worlds best leaders are defined by their charisma or ability to inspire and motivate others.

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STEPS TAKEN BY LEADER TO OVERCOMS BY STRATEGIC CHALLENGES

There are several challenges most leaders will face during their tenure as leaders, whether working for a corporation or for themselves. There are few steps taken by leader to overcome with the challenges of leadership:-

1.

Creating and Maintaining a Diversified Team

A leader can overcome the challenges associated with creating and preserving a diversified team by encouraging horizontal communication and knowledge sharing. What this means is information does not come from the top-down alone, but instead from person to person.

The best way to create and uphold a diversified yet efficient team is to make sure each member of the team receives routine communications. Andrew Jackson Universitys Bachelor of Science program in business teaches leaders and future leaders how to work in the modern workforce, and create diversified teams able to communicate clearly.

2.

Inspiring Others To Share The Leaders/Organizational Vision

A leader can take on the challenge of inspiring others by clearly communicating how a companys mission and vision will benefit not just the organization, but also the people working for it. By explaining how each incumbent will benefit from the mission, a leader will inspire others to share the same corporate vision.

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3.

Facilitating Open and Clear Communication Among Coworkers

Clear and concise communication is essential for success. A leader has a duty to communicate well with others, but also teach others how to communicate clearly. AJU offers an online Certificate in Business Communication that teaches students how to communicate better when working in groups or alone in the workplace.

4.

Empowering Incumbents To Take Action

A leader can also empower employees by encouraging them to write down an action plan for each problem that needs solving in the organization. This process should include setting up goals and the exact steps necessary to take action to resolve problems.

5.

Providing Inspiration To Others

A leader must remain committed to the cause, but also recognize the potential in employees to achieve great things. To learn more about how to become an inspiring leader, check out the Brian Tracy College at Andrew Jackson Universitys leadership programs.

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SWOT ANALYSIS

SWOT Analysis is an important tool which helps a leader to overcome with the challenges of leadership.

For any type of work carry out, personality contributes a lot to the success of the work. Self analysis and analyzing the environment in which we work and actual knowledge about the work are the major factors that contribute to the success of our work. SWOT analysis is an effective method identifying Strengths and Weakness, and to examine the Opportunities and Threats ace. Generally, SWOT analysis is conducted for the teams or groups by the team leader or project leader. The major benefits of performing SWOT analysis as far as individuals are concerned are:

Identifying career growth of the individual Identifying personal effectiveness and productivity Tapping the potential of the individual which have not been identified so far Nullify weakness in the individual and evolve a suitable action plan as a part of remedial measure

To get a clear picture and focus of growth opportunities for the for the individual Identify training needs for the individual from the weaknesses

In total when performed for a team or group, SWOT analysis serves as a balance sheet indicating the health of the team/company. To summarize, build strength, address weakness by evolving appropriate action plan, leverage opportunities and eliminate threats. One important thing which have to keep in mind is strength and weakness are internal, and opportunity and threat are external factors.

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Fig no: - 1.7

SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective. A SWOT analysis must first start with defining a desired end state or objective. A SWOT analysis may be incorporated into the strategic planning model. Strategic Planning has been

Strengths: characteristics of the business or team that give it an

advantage over others in the industry.

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Weaknesses: are characteristics that place the firm at a

disadvantage relative to others.

Opportunities: external chances to make greater sales or profits in

the environment.

Threats: external elements in the environment that could cause

trouble for the business. Identification of SWOTs is essential because subsequent steps in the process of planning for achievement of the selected objective may be derived from the SWOTs. First, the leaders have to determine whether the objective is attainable, given the SWOTs. If the objective is NOT attainable a different objective must be selected and the process repeated. The SWOT analysis is often used in academia to highlight and identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It is particularly helpful in identifying areas for development.

Role of SWOT Analysis is Crafting a Better Strategy Often carrying out an analysis using the SWOT framework will be enough to reveal changes which can be usefully made. To understand this better we will discuss a SWOT analysis done by a company and an individual

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LEADERSHIP PROGRAM

Leading a Team is a great challenge for all the organization in today scenario. So leadership program is conduct by a organization to overcome with the challenges of leadership. For example : Leadership Program in Aditya Birla Group.

Leadership Program in Aditya Birla Group:-

Great people to great performance.

In January 2007, we launched the Aditya Birla Group Leadership Programs (ABGLP) to groom exceptional individuals to be the future leaders of the Aditya Birla Group. Our leadership programs include: LEAP (Leadership Associate Program) LEAD (Leadership Program for the Experienced) Through these programs we bring the best talent from leading Indian and Global Business Schools together to deliver new thinking, visible results and lasting impact on our businesses. These programs are open to students from select campuses. To find out whether we offer these programs at your campus, please contact your placement cell/division.

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 LEAP (Leadership Associate Program)

LEAP leadership roles.

is

an

intensive

1 - year,

on - the - job training programme. The focus of LEAP is to groom exceptional individuals for

Individuals with 0 - 18 months of experience prior to MBA are eligible to apply for LEAP. Program Structure Rotational training for one year with 5 or 6 intensive assignments Assignment matches based on business goals and the participants interests, strengths and development requirements The assignments expose participants to a variety of disciplines and business functions within their area of specialisation. They are designed to deliver visible and measurable results. They typically focus on Group processes, functional expertise, business understanding, teamwork, initiative and communication Mandatory international stint, sales stint, plant/unit stint and CSR stint Mid - year and final review by senior managemen Role change and/or movement within the Group every 2 to 3 years Sample job assignments for LEAP participants on confirmation

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Marketing Brand Operations Manager in apparel business Product Merchandiser in retail business Area Sales Manager in cement business Marketing Manager in insurance business Finance/Strategy M&A team member in Corporate finance division Equity Analyst in mutual fund business Financial Analyst in the insurance business Project Manager in the IT/ITES business Human Resources HR Vertical Head in metals business HR Vertical Head for the west region in retail business HR Head for a BPO facility

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 LEAD (Leadership Program for the Experienced)

In January 2007, we launched LEAD (Leadership Program for the Experienced), an Aditya Birla Group Leadership Program to groom exceptional individuals to be the future leaders of the Aditya Birla Group.

LEAD is an intensive six - month, on - the - job training programme. Individuals with at least four years of pre or post MBA experience are eligible to apply for LEAD. Program Structure Rotational training for six months with two or three intensive assignments Assignment matches based on business goals and the participants interests, strengths and development needs The assignments expose participants to a variety of disciplines and business functions within their area of specialization. The assignments will be designed to test: Problem solving skills of the participants. Ability to achieve targets, while on the job.

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 Final review by senior management. Role change and/or movement within the group every 2 or 3 years Profile of a LEAD participant An MBA degree from select B - schools emphasing General Management, HR, Marketing, Finance or Strategy 4 years of full - time work experience prior to MBA Relevant work history reflecting experience in supervision, delegation and conflict resolution for two to three years Strong skills in analysis, problem solving, team leadership and communication Consistently brilliant academic record and demonstration of high levels of initiative and achievement orientation Two leadership roles in extra - curricular activities during the course of MBA/Graduation

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CONCLUSION
It would be concluded that to be a successful Leader a person should have the ability to define the phases of completing goals successfully. Every Phase has its own importance. But there are some challenges faced by a leader which are as follows.

1. Empowering Incumbents to Take Action:-A leader can also empower

employees by encouraging them to write down an action plan for each problem that needs solving in the organization. This process should include setting up goals and the exact steps necessary to take action to resolve problems

2. Motivation- A Leader has to make people as in the way he/she wants by

motivating and convincing

3. Guidance- A leader has to not only supervise but also play a guiding role for the
subordinates. Guidance here means instructing the subordinates the way they have to perform their work effectively and efficiently.

4. Confidence- Confidence is an important factor which can be achieved through

expressing the work efforts to the subordinates, explaining them clearly their role and giving them guidelines to achieve the goals effectively.

5. Work environment- Management is getting things done from people. An

efficient work environment t helps in sound and stable growth. Therefore, human relations should be kept into mind by a leader.

6. Team Co-ordination- A goal can be completed successfully by the team only so

a complete team has to play their role and there responsibilities. A successful leader is a person who is well determined and convinces others by data, ideas, motivation and other leadership skills. These are the pillars of leadership and to

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stay forever as a successful leader, a person should make his skills (objective of leadership) strong.

SUGGESTION

There are several challenges most leaders will face during their tenure as leaders, whether working for a corporation or for themselves. There are few suggestion by which a leader to overcome with the challenges of leadership:-

1.

Creating and Maintaining a Diversified Team

A leader can overcome the challenges associated with creating and preserving a diversified team by encouraging horizontal communication and knowledge sharing. What this means is information does not come from the top-down alone, but instead from person to person.

2.

Inspiring Others To Share The Leaders/Organizational Vision

A leader can take on the challenge of inspiring others by clearly communicating how a companys mission and vision will benefit not just the organization, but also the people working for it.

3.

Communication

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Clear and concise communication is essential for success. A leader has a duty to communicate well with others, but also teach others how to communicate clearly. AJU offers an online Certificate in Business Communication that teaches students how to communicate better when working in groups or alone in the workplace.

4.

By Take Action

A leader can also empower employees by encouraging them to write down an action plan for each problem that needs solving in the organization. This process should include setting up goals and the exact steps necessary to take action to resolve problems.

5.

Providing Inspiration To Others

A leader must remain committed to the cause, but also recognize the potential in employees to achieve great things. To learn more about how to become an inspiring leader, check out the Brian Tracy College at Andrew Jackson Universitys leadership programs.

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Bibliography

Websites:

www.google.co.in www.wikipedia.com

Scribd.com
Indialeadersip.net

Books: Peter Guy Northhouse (2008), Introduction to Leadership, Sage Publication Jay Alden Conger (2007), The Practice of Leadership, John Wiley and Sons.

Philip Kotler, Organisation Behavior,

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