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1.
A wire for use as a fuse was connected to a source of constant e.m.f. until the
wire melted. The following graph of current I against time t was obtained. The
circuit was switched on at t = 0 s.
(a) Explain why the current decreased during the test before the wire melted.
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(b) Determine the total charge that flowed during the test.
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2.
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3. The graph shows how the resistance of two components A and B varies with
temperature.
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4.
One of the functions of the 12 V battery in a car is to provide the energy for
the cars sidelights and headlights.
(a) The diagram shows the battery connections for four sidelights and two
headlights.
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(ii) Suggest how your experiment in (i) may be changed to demonstrate the
diffraction of a longitudinal wave.
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Fig. 6.1
The battery has e.m.f. E and negligible internal resistance.
(a) Deduce that the potential difference V across the resistor of resistance P is
given by the expression:
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Fig. 6.2
The battery has e.m.f. 6.0 V. The voltmeter has infinite resistance.
(i) State and explain qualitatively the change in the reading of the voltmeter
as the temperature of the thermistor is raised.
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C.
(ii) The voltmeter reads 3.6 V when the temperature of the thermistor is 19
Calculate the resistance of the thermistor at 19 C.
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(a) State three pieces of evidence provided by the photoelectric effect for a
particulate nature of electromagnetic radiation.
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(b) (i) Briefly describe the concept of a photon.
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(ii) Explain how lines in the emission spectrum of gases at low pressure
provide evidence for discrete electron energy levels in atoms.
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7.1
(c) Three electron energy levels in atomic hydrogen are represented in Fig.
Fig. 7.1
The wavelengths of the spectral lines produced by electron transitions
between these three energy levels are 486 nm, 656 nm and 1880 nm.
(i) On Fig. 7.1, draw arrows to show the electron transitions between the
energy levels that would give rise to these wavelengths.
Label each arrow with the wavelength of the emitted photon. [3]
(ii) Calculate the maximum change in energy of an electron when making
transitions between these levels.
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8.
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(ii) the speed of a progressive wave.
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(b) One end of a long string is attached to an oscillator. The string passes over
a frictionless pulley and is kept taut by means of a weight, as shown in Fig.
8.1.
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Fig. 8.1
The frequency of oscillation is varied and, at one value of frequency, the wave
formed on the string is as shown in Fig. 8.1.
(i) Explain why the wave is said to be a stationary wave.
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(ii) State what is meant by an antinode.
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(iii) On Fig. 8.1, label the antinodes with the letter A. [1]
(c) A weight of 4.00 N is hung from the string in (b) and the frequency of
oscillation is adjusted until a stationary wave is formed on the string. The
separation of the antinodes on the string is 17.8 cm for a frequency of 125 Hz.
The speed v of waves on a string is given by the expression
where T is the tension in the string and m is its mass per unit length.
Determine the mass per unit length of the string.
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(a) Fig. 9.1 shows the variation with time t of the displacement y of a wave W
as it passes a point P. The wave has intensity I.
Fig. 9.1
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Fig. 9.2
Calculate the separation of the fringes observed on the screen.
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(c) State the effect, if any, on the appearance of the fringes observed on the
screen when the following changes are made, separately, to the double-slit
arrangement in (b).
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(1 mark of neatness)
80 MARKS
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