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Text Ch #4
References: W. Peng, Fundamentals of Turbomachinery, Wiley, 2008, CH #4 Esposito, Fluid Power w/ Applications, Printice Hall, 1988. Lindeburg, M.E. Reference Manual, NSPE, 9th ed Volk, Pump Characteristics and Applications, Marcel Dekker, 1996 Logan, Turbomachinery, Marcel Dekker, 1993. Video, History Channel, Modern Marvels: Pumps
HYDRAULIC PUMPS
Two very broad classifications
Kinetic Pumps
Energy added continuously to the fluid
PISTON PUMP
GEAR PUMP
LOBE PUMP
SCREW PUMP
VANE PUMP
Kinetic Pumps
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
JET PUMP
P=
hx
Flow resistance due to pipe friction, fitings, valves, entrances, exits, etc.
fluid vapor pressure converted to feet of fluid being pumped, steam tables can be used for water, figures and tables available for other fluids. Fig L 4.9 vapor pressures of hydrocarbons.
vertical distance in feet above the pump centerline to the free level of the fluid source. If free level of fluid is below pump, referred to as the static suction lift.
vertical distance in feet above the pump centerline to the free level of the discharge.
vertical distance in feet between the free level of the supply and discharge reservoirs.
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hs
hs
12
hsd
hts
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H = Total (dynamic) head = (total discharge head) (total suction head) = Hd Hs = ( hsd + hvd + h
f, dis
) (hs h
f,suction)
Q H
hs
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(m)
(m3/s)
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NQ Ns ~ H
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COMPRESSORS
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Centrifugal pump
Axial inlet-radial/mixed outlet
V2
R2
R1
V1
V1
W1
V2
W2
U1
Vu2
U2
E = Vu1U1 Vu2U2 = gH
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EXAMPLE
V2 W2
Centrifugal Oil Pump Impeller Diameter = 30 cm Q = 63 l/s @ 4800 RPM Sp.Gr. oil = 0.81 No tangential component to relative exit velocity FIND:
U2
U2
1. Impeller tip speed U2 (m/s) 2. Energy Transfer (J/kg) 3. Power input (kW)
Position 1= into eye of impeller Position 2 = exit of impeller = (2)/60 (4800) = 502.7 rad/s 1. 2. U2 = R2 = (502.7rad/s)(0.15m) = 75 m/s E = U2Vu2 U1Vu1 = (75.4)(75.4) m2/s2 0 = 5685 J/kg
Q = (63 l/s) = 0.063 m3/s m-dot = Q (density) = (0.63)(810) = 51 kg/s 3. P = (m-dot) E = (51)(5685) = 290 kW
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W1 V1 R1 U1
Vu1
R2
W2 U2 V1
V2
V2 E = Vu1U1 Vu2U2 = gH
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Q
VALVE
Centrifugal PUMP
bhp NPSHR Q
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Q (gpm, m3)
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Water from a hot springs (T~150 F) is to be pumped uphill to a guest lodge for space heating, swimming pool, atrium and winter waterfall. The pump performance curve is attached. Suction line losses are negligible and delivery line losses are estimated to be ~150 ft-H2O. 9000 ft LODGE
What is the maximum water flow rate (gpm) that can be delivered to the lodge? What is the power requirement (hp) of the pump? Is cavitation a concern?
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Bernoullis Equation
Conservation of energy, SFEE
Pressure rise across ideal pump impeller H = (P1 P2) /g + (V22 V12) / 2g
Z = elevation head P/g = pressure head V2/2g = velocity head HL = friction loss head HT = turbine head
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Boat Propeller
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PUMP
WIND TURBINE
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14.7 psia
P 5 psia
32o
Tsat
~150o
212oF
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