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Command-Line Syntax
APPENDIX

C
In addition to the compilers for C# (csc.exe), C++ (cl.exe), and VB .NET (vbc.exe)
the Microsoft .NET Framework SDK adds a number of tools designed to make it easier for
you to create, deploy, and manage applications and components that target the .NET
Framework. This appendix will introduce these tools and will also detail the com-
mand-line usages of csc.exe.

Command Utilities
In order to be able to run these command-line utilities, you must configure the environ-
ment properly. The Visual Studio .NET installation includes a command file
(VCVARS32.BAT) that configures the command environment properly. The command
file is installed in the \bin directory of your installation (the default is c:\Program
Files\Microsoft Visual Studio.NET\vc7\bin). The command file is config-
ured during the installation of Visual Studio to correspond to your computer’s set-up.
Do not replace a missing or damaged VCVARS32.bat file with a VCVARS32.bat from
another machine. Rerun setup to replace the missing file.
To run VCVARS32.BAT you can execute it from the path or you can use the shortcut.
Select Start | Programs | Microsoft Visual Studio .NET | Visual Studio .NET Tools | Visual
Studio .NET Command Prompt.

TIP We recommend that you create a shortcut to the .NET command

prompt on your desktop and in the Windows taskbar.

The .NET Framework SDK tools are grouped according to use:

• Debugging tools (see Table C-1)

• Configuration and deployment tools (see Table C-2)
• Security tools (see Table C-3)
• General tools (see Table C-4)

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Debugging Tools
Tool
Microsoft CLR Debugger (DbgCLR.exe)
Runtime Debugger (Cordbg.exe)
Table C-1 The .NET Framework SDK Debugging Tools
Configuration and Deployment Tools
Tool
Assembly Cache Viewer (Shfusion.dll)
Assembly Linker (Al.exe)
Assembly Registration tool (Regasm.exe)
Assembly Binding Log Viewer
(Fuslogvw.exe)
Global Assembly Cache tool (Gacutil.exe)
Installer tool (Installutil.exe)
Isolated Storage tool (Storeadm.exe)
Native Image Generator (Ngen.exe)
Table C-2 The .NET Framework SDK Configuration and Deployment Tools
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Description
Provides debugging services with a graphical interface
to help application developers find and fix bugs in
programs that target the runtime.
Provides command-line debugging services using
the Common Language Runtime Debug API. It is
used to find and fix bugs in programs that target
the runtime.
Description
Lets you to view and manipulate the contents of
the Global Assembly Cache using Windows
Explorer.
Allows you to use either resource files or
Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) files to
generate a file with an assembly manifest.
Registers .NET Framework classes to the
Registry, which allows COM clients to create
.NET Framework classes transparently.
Displays log-file information for failed assembly
binding. This information can help you diagnose
the reasons the .NET Framework has problems
locating an assembly at run time.
This tool allows you to view and manipulate the
contents of the Global Assembly Cache and
download cache. You can use Gacutil.exe
in build scripts, makefile files, and batch files.
Allows you to install and uninstall server
resources by executing the installer components
of a specified assembly.
Displays and manages all existing stores for the
currently logged-on user.
Lets you create a native image from a managed
assembly and install the image in the native
image cache on the local computer.
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Tool
.NET Framework Configuration tool
(Mscorcfg.msc)
.NET Services Installation tool
(Regsvcs.exe)
Soapsuds tool (Soapsuds.exe)
Type Library Exporter (Tlbexp.exe)
Type Library Importer (Tlbimp.exe)
Web Services Description Language tool
(Wsdl.exe)
Web Services Discovery tool (Disco.exe)
XML Schema Definition Tool (Xsd.exe)
Table C-2 The .NET Framework SDK Configuration and Deployment Tools (continued)
Security Tools
Tool
Certificate Creation Tool (Makecert.exe)
Certificate Manager tool (Certmgr.exe)
Certificate Verification tool (Chktrust.exe)
Table C-3 The .NET Framework SDK Security Tools
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Appendix C: Command-Line Syntax
3
Description
Provides a graphical interface for managing .NET
Framework security policy and applications that
use remoting services. This tool also allows you
to manage and configure assemblies in the
Global Assembly Cache.
Allows you to add managed classes to Windows
2000 Component Services (COM+) by loading
and registering the assembly and generating,
registering, and installing the type library into an
existing COM+ 1.0 application.
Lets you compile client applications that
communicate with XML web services. The
technique used is called remoting.
Generates a type library from a Common
Language Runtime assembly.
Converts the type definitions found within a
COM type library into equivalent definitions in
managed metadata format.
Generates the code for XML web services and
XML web service clients, XML Schema Definition
(XSD) schema files, and the .disco discovery
documents from WSDL (Web Services
Description Language) contract files.
Allows you to discover the URLs of XML web
services located on a web server.
Generates XML schemas that follow the XSD
language proposed by the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C). This tool generates
Common Language Runtime classes and
DataSet classes from an XSD schema file.
Description
Creates X.509 certificates for testing
PART VII
purposes only.
Manages certificates, certificate trust lists
(CTLs), and certificate revocation lists (CRLs).
Verifies the validity of a file signed with an
X.509 certificate.
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Tool
Code Access Security Policy tool
(Caspol.exe)
File Signing tool (Signcode.exe)
Permissions View tool (Permview.exe)
PEVerify tool (PEverify.exe)
Secutil tool (Secutil.exe)
Set Registry Tool (Setreg.exe)
Software Publisher Certificate Test tool
(Cert2spc.exe)
Strong Name tool (Sn.exe)
Table C-3 The .NET Framework SDK Security Tools (continued)
General Tools
Tool
Common Language Runtime Minidump tool
(Mscordmp.exe)
License Compiler (Lc.exe)
Management Strongly Typed Class Generator
(Mgmtclassgen.exe)
MSIL Assembler (Ilasm.exe)
MSIL Disassembler (Ildasm.exe)
Table C-4 The .NET Framework SDK General Tools
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Description
Allows you to examine and modify security
policies for the machine, user, and enterprise-level
code access.
Signs a portable executable (PE) file with an
Authenticode digital signature.
Allows you to view the minimal, optional,
and refused permission sets requested by an
assembly. You can also use this tool to display
the declarative security used by an assembly.
Conducts MSIL type-safety verification checks
and metadata validation checks on an assembly.
Extracts public-key information or Authenticode
publisher certificates from an assembly. The
output is formatted so it can be incorporated
into code.
Allows you to change the Registry settings for
the Software Publishing State keys.
Tests a Software Publisher’s Certificate (SPC),
or creates an SPC from one or more X.509
certificates.
Allows you to create assemblies with
strong names.
Description
Creates a file containing a core dump of
information that can be useful when analyzing
system issues in the runtime.
Allows you to create a .licenses file that
can be embedded in a Common Language
Runtime executable. It reads text files that
contain licensing information.
Allows you to quickly generate an early-bound
class for a specified Windows Management
Instrumentation (WMI) class.
Generates a PE file from Microsoft Intermediate
Language (MSIL).
Produces a MSIL source file from a Portable
Executable (PE) file.
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Appendix C: Command-Line Syntax

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Tool Description
Resource File Generator tool (Resgen.exe) Converts text files and .resx (XML-based
resource format) files to .NET Common
Language Runtime binary .resources files
that can be embedded in a runtime binary
executable or compiled into satellite assemblies.
Windows Forms ActiveX Control Importer Converts type definitions in a COM type library
(Aximp.exe) for an ActiveX control into a Windows Forms
control.
Windows Forms Class Viewer (Wincv.exe) Finds managed classes matching a specified
search pattern, and displays information about
those classes using the Reflection API.
Windows Forms Resource Editor Allows you to quickly and easily localize the
(Winres.exe) Windows Forms forms in your application using
a GUI tool.
Table C-4 The .NET Framework SDK General Tools (continued)

C# Compiler (csc.exe)
In order to compile and run a C# program, you will need to have the .NET Framework
installed on your computer. Microsoft has made the .NET Framework available as a free
upgrade, and you can either download it from http://msdn.microsoft.com (approxi-
mately 130MB) or order a CD with the .NET Framework.
After installation, the C# compiler is available from the command prompt to create
Portable Executable (PE) files from your source files (see the previous “Command Util-
ities” section for information on how to set up the environment for use with com-
mand-line tools).
Using the C# Compiler (csc.exe) is rather complicated because it has a large family
of command line options that control the behavior of the compiler. The next section
will give you an overview of most of the command-line switches that are available.

csc Command-Line Syntax

In Table C-5, you can see all the command-line switches understood by the C# com-
piler. To get an instant listing of the command-line switches, you only need to execute
the csc.exe program with the /help switch to produce the following listing:
PART VII

C:\>csc /help
Microsoft (R) Visual C# .NET Compiler version 7.00.9466
for Microsoft (R) .NET Framework version 1.0.3705
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation 2001. All rights reserved.
Visual C# .NET Compiler Options
- OUTPUT FILES -
/out:<file> Output file name (default: base name of file with main
class or first file)
/target:exe Build a console executable (default) (Short form:
/t:exe)
…

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Description
@ Specify a response file.
/? List compiler options to stdout.
/addmodule Specify one or more modules to be part of this assembly.
/baseaddress Specify the preferred base address at which to load a DLL.
/bugreport Create a file that contains information that makes it easy to report a
bug.
/checked Specify whether integer arithmetic that overflows the bounds of the
data type will cause an exception at run time.
/codepage Specify the code page to use for all source-code files in the compilation.
/debug Emit debugging information.
/define Define preprocessor symbols.
/doc Process documentation comments to an XML file.
/filealign Specify the size of sections in the output file.
/fullpaths Specify the absolute path to the file in compiler output.
/help List compiler options to stdout.
/incremental Enable incremental compilation of source-code files.
/lib Specify the location of assemblies referenced via /reference.
/linkresource Create a link to a managed resource.
/main Specify the location of the Main() method.
/nologo Suppress compiler banner information.
/nostdlib Do not import standard library (mscorlib.dll).
/noconfig Do not compile with the global or local versions of csc.rsp.
/nowarn Suppress the compiler’s ability to generate specified warnings.
/optimize Enable or disable optimizations.
/out Specify output file.
/recurse Search subdirectories for source files to compile.
/reference Import metadata from a file that contains an assembly.
/resource Embed a .NET Framework resource into the output file.
/target Specify the format of the output file using one of four options:
/target:exe
/target:library
/target:module
/target:winexe
/unsafe Compile code that uses the unsafe keyword.
/utf8output Display compiler output using UTF-8 encoding.
/warn Set warning level.
/warnaserror Promote warnings to errors.
/win32icon Insert an .ico file into the output file.
/win32res Insert a Win32 resource into the output file.
Table C-5 The csc.exe Command-Line Switches

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Appendix C: Command-Line Syntax

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Examples
The C# compiler commands can be typed in at the command-line prompt or as part of
command files used to build the application. The following examples are executed from
the command prompt:

• Compiles File.cs producing File.exe:

csc File.cs

• Compiles File.cs producing File.dll:

csc /target:library File.cs

• Compiles File.cs and creates Hence.exe:

csc /out:Hence.exe File.cs

• Compiles all of the C# files in the current directory, with optimizations on and
defines the DEBUG symbol. The output is File2.exe:

csc /define:DEBUG /optimize /out:File2.exe *.cs

• Compiles all of the C# files in the current directory, producing a debug version
of File2.dll. No logo and no warnings are displayed:

csc /target:library /out:File2.dll /warn:0 /nologo /debug *.cs

• Compiles all of the C# files in the current directory to Thusly.hence (a DLL):

csc /target:library /out:Thusly.hence *.cs

PART VII

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