Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.1/24
Abbreviations
AOR DAT DO3 ERG IO1 IO3 NOM PPART PRV PV S1 S3 SG TS = = = = = = = = = = = = = = aorist (simple past) dative 3rd person direct object ergative 1st person indirect object 3rd person indirect object nominative past participle pre-radical vowel preverb 1st person subject 3rd person subject singular thematic sufx (stem formant).
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.2/24
Verbal Prexes
The order of prexes in a Georgian verb form is xed. However, it is not necessary for them to be realized simultaneously: Preverb-Agreement.Prex-Pre.Radical.Vowel-Root
Preverbs express perfectivity and in movement verbs additionally direction in space and orientation towards or away from the 1st/2nd person. The slot for agreement prex can be occupied by subject as well as object markers. Pre-radical vowels act as valency changing afxes.
In nite verb forms nothing can interfere between the prexes, be put immediately before the preverb or immediately after the pre-radical vowel.
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.3/24
Non-Canonical Prex
Modern spoken Georgian has developed special constructs which display a pronominal element imasimmediately preceding the agreement prex: Preverb-imas-Agreement.Prex-Pre.Radical.VowelExample 1 (man) (s)he.ERG (me) I.DAT (is) it.NOM gada-imas-m-i-kn-a PV-imas-IO1.SG-PRV-do-S3.SG.AOR
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.4/24
Non-Canonical Prex
The pronominal element imas- is a DAT form of the distal demonstrative pronoun:
Example 2 me I.NOM imas that.DAT a-v-i--eb PV-S1.SG-PRV-take-TS da and ara not amas this.DAT
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.5/24
Proforms
Such constructs as gada-imas-m-i-kn-a in Example 1 act as proforms and are able to replace lexical verb forms. For instance, gada-imas-m-i-kn-a in Example 1 can replace the verb forms in Example 3 and Example 4:
Example 3 (man) (s)he.ERG Example 4 (man) (s)he.ERG (me) I.DAT (is) it.NOM gada-m-i-cer-a . PV-IO1.SG-PRV-copy-S3.SG.AOR (me) I.DAT (is) it.NOM gada-m-i-qar-a PV-IO1.SG-PRV-throw.away-S3.SG.AOR
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.6/24
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.7/24
However...
However, the forms like 1 are not characteristic exclusively for the speakers of certain age, gender and/or social class. They can be used by anyone, including an educated speaker. Also, it is not necessary at all the context to be an inappropriate expression. The proforms are used when an utterer avoids mentioning a lexical verb form by some reason. In any case the proforms do reach the hearers sharing the knowledge of the context with the utterer.
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.8/24
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.9/24
PRV-cry-S3.SG.AOR
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.10/24
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.11/24
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.12/24
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.13/24
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.14/24
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.15/24
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.16/24
I repaired it"
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.17/24
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.18/24
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.19/24
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.20/24
The complex proform gada-v-a-imas-v-ken-i (Example 17) is a puzzle because it contains a combination of morphemes not found elsewhere in Georgian. The rst person subject is registered as v- twice in the same verb form once in the position before the root -ken, and again just after the preverb gada-.
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.21/24
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.22/24
However, the proforms do not serve as a VP test like do it" serves for English (cf. Tom threw a ball. Harry did it too.). They, in fact, replace a verb together with its argument(s).
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.23/24
Therefore, the proforms in fact replace not just the VP but an IP and serve as an IP test.
Nino Amiridze. Verb Forms inside Verb Forms. 11th International Morphology Meeting, Vienna, February 14-17, 2004 p.24/24