Tests for Anions

Anion Bromide Symbol BrTest Results Add silver nitrate solution to a Pale yellow precipitate, solution of substance in dilute nitric dissolves slightly in ammonia acid solution. a)Add dilute hydrochloric acid to the substance. Carbonate CO32b)Add drop of phenolphthalein to a solution of substance. Chloride ClAdd silver nitrate to a solution of substance in dilute nitric acid. a)Add dilute hydrochloric acid to the substance. HCO32b)Add drop of phenolphthalein to a solution of substance. IAdd silver nitrate to a solution of substance in dilute nitric acid. Add iron(II) sulfate solution followed by concentrated sulfuric acid to the solution Add solution of barium chloride to the solution. Add solution of barium chloride to the solution. Add lead(II) ethanoate solution to the solution. Turns light pink (CO32- turns bright pink). Pale yellow precipitate, does not dissolve in ammonia solution. Brown ring forms at the junction of the two liquids. White precipitate, does not dissolve in dilute hydrochloric acid. White precipitate, does dissolve in dilute hydrochloric acid. Black precipitate Turns bright pink (HCO3 turns light pink). Thick white precipitate dissolves in ammonia solution. Carbon dioxide gas is given off. Carbon dioxide gas is given off.

Hydrogencarbonate

Iodide

Nitrate

NO3-

Sulfate

SO4

2-

Sulfite Sulfide

SO32S2-

Tests for Cations

Cation Symbol Test a)Add dilute sodium hydroxide solution to a solution of the substance. Results White precipitate that dissolves as more sodium hydroxide solution is added.

Aluminum

Al3+

White precipitate that does not

b)Add dilute ammonia solution to a solution of the substance. Ammonium NH4

+

dissolve as more ammonia solution is added. Ammonia gas is given off.

Add sodium hydroxide solution to a solution of the substance and gently heat. Add dilute sulfric acid to a solution of the substance Also try flame test a)Add dilute sodium hydroxide solution to a solution of the substance.

White precipitate formed.

Calcium

Ca

2+

Pale blue precipitate that dissolves as more sodium hydorxide is added.\.

Copper (II)

Cu2+

b)Add dilute ammonia solution Pale blue precipitate, changing to to a solution of the substance. deep blue solution as more ammonia is added. Also try flame test a)Add dilute sodium hydroxide solution to a solution of the substance. b)Add dilute ammonia solution to a solution of the substance. a)Add dilute sodium hydroxide solution to a solution of the substance. b)Add dilute ammonia solution to a solution of the substance. a)Add dilute sodium hydroxide solution to a solution of the substance. White precipitate, that does dissolve as more sodium hydroxide is added. White precipitate that does not dissolve as more ammonia is added. Red-brown precipitate formed. Pale green precipitate formed.

Iron(II)

Fe2+

Pale green precipitate formed.

Iron(III)

Fe3+

Red-brown precipitate formed.

Lead(II)

Pb2+

b)Add dilute ammonia solution to a solution of the substance. Use flame test to distinguish between lead and alumminum. a)Add dilute sodium hydroxide solution to a solution of the substance.

White precipitate, that does not dissolve as more sodium hydroxide is added. White precipitate that does not dissolve as more ammonia is added.

Magnesium

Mg2+ b)Add dilute ammonia solution to a solution of the substance.

Zinc

Zn2+

a)Add dilute sodium hydroxide White precipitate, that dissolve as solution to a solution of the

substance. b)Add dilute ammonia solution to a solution of the substance.

more sodium hydroxide is added. White precipitate that dissolve as more ammonia is added.

Flame Tests
Metal Barium Calcium Copper Lead Lithium Potassium Sodium Symbol Ba Ca Cu Pb Li K Na Flame Color Yellowgreen Red Green Blue Pink Lilac Orange

Tests to identify gases

Gas Carbon dioxide Hydrogen Oxygen Symbol CO2 H2 O2 Test bubble gas through limewater (calcium hydroxide solution) Put a lighted splint into a sample of the gas. Put a glowing splint into a sample of the gas. Results Turns limewater cloudy. Burns with a "popping" sound Splint relights.