Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Geoscience and Petroleum Engineering Department PCB1043 Petroleum Engineering Thermodynamics

Dr Reza Ettehadi Osgouei

ASSIGNMENTS-2 Date due: June 27.2011

Problem No 1 Two tanks are connected together as shown in Fig. 1, both containing water. Tank A is at 30 lbf/in.2, v = 8 ft3/lbm, V = 40 ft3 and tank B contains 8 lbm at 80 lbf/in. 2, 750 F. The valve is now opened and the two come to a uniform state. Find the final specific volume

Tank A H2o PA=30 lbf/in.2, vA = 8 ft3/lbm VA = 40 ft3

Tank B H2o mB=8 lbm PB=80 lbf/in.2, TB=750F

Figure 1 Problem No 2 A mass of 50 kg is placed on a 10 cm2 area weightless piston (cf. Figure 2). The ambient is a vacuum, i.e., the pressure is zero in it. The initial gas pressure is 100 bar, and the initial volume is 10 cm3. The cylinder height is 10 cm. A pin, constraining the piston in place is suddenly released. Consider the gases in the pistoncylinder assembly to constitute a system A. If the process in system A is internally reversible and isothermal, determine the work output of the gas. Let system B be such that it includes the piston, weight, and ambient, but excludes the gases. What is the velocity of the piston when its position is at the cylinder rim? Assume system B to be adiabatic.

Figure 2 Problem No: 3 A cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston contains 5 kg of superheated refrigerant R-134a vapor at 1000 kPa, 140C. The setup is cooled at constant pressure until the R-134a reaches a quality of 25%. Calculate the work done in the process. Problem No: 4 A cylinder and a frictionless-piston assembly is to be used for raising a weight by heat transfer from a constant temperature heat reservoir at 450 C, as shown in the figure below. The working fluid is steam. The pressure on the steam due to the total weight plus atmospheric pressure is 1.4MPa. Initially the temperature of the steam is 250 C and its volume is 0.01m3. Heat is transferred until the temperature of the steam is 450 C. Determine the work for this process.

Problem No: 5 A vertical cylinder fitted with a piston contains 0.003m3 of steam at 235 C and a quality of 95%. The piston has a mass of 200 kg, cross-sectional area of 98 cm2, and is held by a pin as shown in the figure below. The ambient pressure is 1bar.

The piston is now removed, allowing the piston to move. After a period of time, the system comes to equilibrium, with the final temperature being 235 C. a) Determine the final pressure and volume of the steam, b) Calculate the work done by the steam during this process. Problem No: 6 4.5 moles of air undergoes a cyclic process as shown by the path 1 2 3 1 in the P V diagram.

Calculate the unknown quantities in the table shown below:

Problem No: 7 Two moles of N2 (ideal gas) at 10 bar and 330K (state 1) undergoes the following reversible changes: a) Compressed isothermally to 14 bar (state 2), b) Heated at constant pressure to 660K (state 3), c) Cooled at constant volume until the pressure drops to 6bar (state 4), d) Compressed adiabatically to 10 bar (state 5), e) Heated at constant pressure to state 1. i) Sketch the paths followed in each process on a single P V diagram. ii) Calculate the work required, the heat transferred, and the changes in internal energy and enthalpy for each of the five processes and for the entire cycle. Problem No: 8 a) A block of copper weighing 0.2kg has an intial temperature of 400K; 4kg of water initially at 300K is contained in a perfectly insulated tank, also made of copper and weighing 0.5kg. The copper block is immersed in the water and allowed to come to equilibrium. What is the change in internal energy of the water? Ignore effects of expansion and contraction, and assume that the heat capacities are constant at 4200 J/ kg.K for water and 380 J/ kg.K for copper. b) Suppose that the copper block is dropped into the water from a height of 50m. Assuming no loss of water from the tank, what is the change in internal energy of the water? Problem No: 9 A piston/cylinder arrangement initially contains air at 150 kPa, 400C. The setup is allowed to cool to the ambient temperature of 20C. a. Is the piston resting on the stops in the final state? What is the final pressure in the cylinder? b. What is the specific work done by the air during this process? Problem No: 10 A piston/cylinder contains 50 kg of water at 200 kPa with a volume of 0.1 m3. Stops in the cylinder restricts the enclosed volume to 0.5 m3, similar to the setup in Problem 9. The water is now heated to 200C. Find the final pressure, volume and the work done by the water. Problem No: 11 A horizontal, perfectly insulated piston-cylinder device contains 1.6mol of helium at 800 kPa. Its volume is 0.005m3 and the ambient pressure is 100 kPa. a) Calculate the work done when the gas is expanded reversibly until the internal pressure is equal to the ambient pressure. Also sketch the process on a P v diagram. b) Calculate the work done when the gas is expanded very suddenly until the internal pressure is equal to the ambient pressure.