Grammar

Every sentence is composed of SVO = Subjcet, Verb, Object Subject = It is doer Verb = It shows action Object = Answer to what (Ali teaches English) Two types of noun Common noun and proper noun Adjective = A word that modifies the noun It always comes before noun Pronoun = which replaces noun Seven types of pronouns in English S P Ist person = I we 2nd person = you 3rd person = He, she, it they Verb has five positions 1. Infinitive To go, to play etc 2. 3. 4. 5. Base form (go) Present (go) Past (went) Past participle (gone)

There are two verbs in English 1. To be Base form Am, is, are Past Was, were Past participle Been

three present two past one past participle

2. To have Base form Have Present Has, have Past Had Past participle Had

Tenses
Will always takes base form (Will is auxiliary verb)

Simple
S Present Past Future I I I V play played will play h.v O Hockey Hockey Hockey

Progressive (continuous)
As there is no progressive form of verb so we use base form. To be+ verb+ing Present Past Future I I I am was will be 2 h.v writing writing writing a letter a letter a letter

Prefect
To have + V pp (3rd form of verb) Present Past Future I I I will have had have written written written a letter a letter a letter

Perfect continuous
Present Past Future I I have been had been writing writing writing a letter a letter a letter

I will have been

Defective verbs/ Modal auxiliaries All helping verbs should carry base form except to be, to have There are three verbs that are defective 1. Must- It has no base, present and past participle 2. May It has only past form- Might 3. Can - it has also past form Could They can be used only as H.v not as regular.

MUST:
Must means compulsion and always use base form with must. Present: You must speak truth Instead of must we could use have to, as the meanings are same So it would help in converting sentence in past

Past: You had to speak truth Future: He will have to go to school Other uses: For logical conclusion, strong guess Present: He must be in class (More stressful than may) and we use be as it tells condition Past: To change it into past we use have been He must have been in class (Have carries third form and be into been) Do not use have to as it carries compulsion but must is a guess If we use change it into negative by using not You must not (mustnt) speak English But it means somebody is prohibited, stopped So to avoid such perception, use You neednt take a cup of tea (it means it is not necessary to take tea)

Adverb
A word that adds something to the meaning of verb is called adverb. Ali drives car carefully. Five kinds of adverbs: 1. Adverb of place: