Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1 Review
Sound classes
• sonorants: vowels + glides + some consonants
• syllabic sounds: vowels + syllabic consonants (m, l, n, etc.)
• long sounds: vowels
• shorter sounds: glides, consonants
• voiced sounds: vowels, English glides, and some consonants
• voiceless sounds: some consonants, non-English glides
3 Places of articulation
Places of articulation
1
Lips Bilabial [p]it, [b]it, [m]at
Labiodental [f]it, [v]oid
Teeth Dental French [t], [d], [s], [z]
Interdental [D]ere, [T]eorem
Alveolar Alveolar [t]ip, [d]am, [s]it, [z]ip, [l]ip, [n]ip;
ridge Spanish [r]
(Hard) Alveopalatal [S]ow, mea[Z]ure, [Ù]ip, ju[Ã]e
Palate Palatal [j]es
Velum Velar [k]all, [g]uy, ha[N]
Labiovelar [w]et
Glottis Glottal [h]eave
4 Manner of articulation
Manner of articulation - oral vs. nasal
• stops: complete closure in the oral cavity or glottis - aspirated stops: if there is a
lag in the onset of voicing after the pronunciation of a stop, we get an aspirated
stop - English: only word-initial voiceless stops followed by a vowel are aspirated
Example 1. [ph ] at, [k h ]at, [th ]ap
• fricatives: continuous air flow through the mouth
• affricates: slow/delayed release of closure
2
Place of articulation Voiceless Voiced Nasal
Bilabial [p]ot [b]at [m]at
Alveolar [t]ap [d]am [n]ap
Velar [k]it [g]et bri[N]
Glottal [P]h-oh
3
Place/Manner of articulation Strident Non-strident
Labiodental fricatives [f], [v]
Interdental fricatives [T], [D]
Alveolar fricatives [s], [z]
Alveopalatal fricatives [S], [Z]
Alveopalatal affricates [Ù], [Ã]
Glottal fricative [h]
5 Summary
Summary
Sources
- for samples of non-English consonants: http://hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/departments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/course/contents.html
- varieties of pharyngeal sounds can be found in this presentation http://ling.ucsd.edu/~rose/Semitic%20Languages/Phonetics.ppt - regular alveolar