CHI-SQUARE PROBLEM #1: SINGLE-VARIABLE CASES Cases 1 You are a researcher hired by a company to determine which kind of computer

system they should but. The systems being considered are: Zenith, APPLE, IBM, and Macintosh. The company wants to know if these brands differ significantly from each other in quality. You select 40 computer experts as your test group. You ask them to use each of the computers for a month and then to choose one computer that they think is the best. After you have tabulated the results, you find that the selections were distributed in the following way: Zenith 12 IBM 7 APPLE 8 Macintosh 13

A. Why is the chi-square the appropriate statistic to use for this analysis? B. What is the critical value for this problem if the significance level is set at .05? C. What is the chi-square value? D. Is one computer preferred by the experts? E. Explain your answer _____________________________________________________________________________ _ Answers to Problems #1: (a) because the research uses a nominal-level dependent variable; (b) 7.81; (c) 2.6; (d) no, (e) the difference between the observed and expected distributions is not great enough to reject the null hypothesis (chance distribution).

Case 2 An advertising executive in a large cosmetic firm knows that men purchase 89 percent of all perfume sold in the U.S. market. Her company is about to release a new perfume and she must determine whether certain names are more appealing to male customers than other names. Therefore, she conducts the following study. She manufactures a perfume that has a pleasant, but nondistinctive scent. She then puts this perfume in four identical bottles but puts a different name on each bottle label. She randomly selects 100 men from a shopping mall and after letting them smell each bottle, asks them to select the perfume that they would most likely buy. She obtains the following distribution. Name Glory Daze Seduction Morning Mist Compelling Lamonah Number of Men Selecting 12 33 28 20 7

A. Why is the chi-square the appropriate statistic to use for this analysis? B. What is the critical value for this problem if the significance level is set at .05? C. What is the chi-square value? Is it significant? D. What should this executive advise her company to do when they name the new perfume? Why? E. If you were involved in this research and could do the study again, what other variables would you include in a multiple sample analysis? _____________________________________________________________________________ _ Answers to Problem #2: (a) because the research uses a nominal-level dependent variable; (b) 9.49; (c) 23.3, yes; (d) advise the company to use the name Seduction and to avoid the name Lamonah; (e) other variables might include people for whom the perfume was being purchased (e.g., wife or mother); the age of the man purchasing the perfume; or the age of the person for whom the perfume is purchased.