TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE TP.

HCM BAN NGO~I NGU: BO MON TIENG ANH

****

TAI LIEU HTfONG DAN ON THI TIENG ANH .

.

TRINH DO C .
(DANH CHO HQC VlEN CAO HQc)

TP.HO CHi MINH THA.NG 6/2007

'..

MT)C LT)C

u':HGIO[THI~U
Ph~n [: M6 ta cdu truc Ph~n 2: Bili t;;p mdu...
[. Vocabulary an Grammar

03 ai thi va thang dim 05 11

13

2. 3. 4. 5.
6.

Reading Com Reading C loze Control[ed

ehension
'"

37 43 52 74
essays

Wr ing

Sentence Tran formation

Writing topics Sample

..

83 98 [21 132 [36

7.

Listening

Com rehension

8. Tapescripts 9. Speaking

Ph~n 3: Sample tests ...

un

GIOI THIIJ;U

np tai li~u nay rtuc;rc bie so~n nh~m m\lC dich giup hi'c vien dang theo hi'c cac khoa cao hQC t~i tnrimg D~i hi'c Kinh t~
.HCM co nhiIng thong tin dn thi~t lien quan d~n ky thi h~t mon ti~ng

Anh cua b~c hi'c nily t~i t img, d6ng thai cung dp cac bai tiip cung cA ki~n thirc vii ren luy~n ky niing ti~ng Anh duai nhi' ky thi. Theo qui dinh cua B(>Gi ducrng C (trung cao dp). d\lc Va Dao t~o, ky thi k~t thuc mon hi'c dAivai b~c cao hQCduQ'ct6 QCvien se duQ'cki~m tra ca 4 ky nang NGHE, NOI, DQC, VIET vm
d~ng thirc khac nhau d~ giup hQc vien on luy~n vii co dinh huang cho

chirc nh~m ki~m tra dan gia ky nang va ki~n thirc ti~ng Anh cua hQc vien a trinh dQ tucrng

cac hinh thirc thi khac nh u. Do chucrng trinh ti~ng Anh t~i D~i hQc Kinh t~ TP.HCM duc;rcxiiy d\f!1gvai tri'ng t~m la ti~ g Anh thuang m~i (Business English) nen cac bai thi se duQ'cthi~t k~ vai m\lCdich ki~m tra ki' truimg kinh thuang.
T~p tai li~u nily g6m cac h&n chinh nhu sau:

thirc tiI V\f!1g,ngii' phap vii cac ky nang giao ti~p ti~ng Anh trong moi

. .
.

Mo ta cAu truc bil thi cua cac ph&n thi (NGHE, NOI, DQC, VIET) vii thang di~m bili thi.
Cac bili t~p m~u

on t~p ki~n thirc vii ren luy~n cac ky nang

D~thi m~u

Ngoili ra chung toi ding ung dp Audio CD cua ph&nNghe hi~u d~ giup cac b~n t\l'trau dbi vii ren luy~n ky nang nily.
Hy vQng t~p tili li~u nily s giup cac b~n hQc vien cao hi'c co di~u ki~n chuAn bi tAt vii thi d~t ky thi h~t mon ti~ng Anh. Chuc cac b~n tMnh congo B(>mon ti~ng Anh Ban Ngo~i ngii'

PH AN I

MO TA eAu TRue BAI THI vA

THANG DIEM

Ii t7

,. r

MO TA CAU TRue HAl THI vA THANG DIEM

Kythi
h~1mon ti~ng A h II b~c cao hgc t~i trulIng D~i hgc Kinh t~ TP.HCM g6m cac bai thi

nhu sau:

.
.

Bai thi I (Paper I): Dgc hi~u (Reading Comprehension) Bai thi 2 (Paper 2): Vi~t (Writing) Bai thi 3 (Paper 3): Nghe hi~u (Listening Comprehension) Bai thi 4 (Pape 4): No; (Speaking)

DmH day 10.phin gi6i t i~u tom t~t du truc bai thi ti~ng Anh trinh d{>trung cao cftp (C). Phin mo ta bao g6m (i) N{>i ung bai thi, (ii) lo~i binb bai t~p va mvc dicb danb gia, (iii) s6 cau/s6 mvc trang tirng bai t~p, a thang di~m t6i da cbo tirng bai t~p. I. Bid thi dgc hi~u va v ~t Bai thi Dgc hi~u (PAPI gian lam bai 10.120 phut
NC)idung

~ I) va Vi~t (PAPER 2) dugc thi~t k~ thanh m{>tbai thi chung. ThlIi

s6 ciuls6
mye

L ,i hinh bili t,p vii m...cdlch danh gia

thang
c1iem

Paper 1 Reading Comprehension Section I: Vocabulary

P per 1 bao g6m ba lo~i hinh bai t~p dugc ggi 10.section I, se tion 2 va section 3.

S ~tion 1 g6m 15 cau tr~c nghi~m. Phin nay giup danh gia k a nang hi~u va sir dVng dugc tir V\ll1gva ngiI phap thich h." thOng qua ngiI canh cho sAn.

15

15

Section 2: Reading

S ~tion 2 g6m 2 bai dgc. M6i bai dgc co 5 cau tdc nghi~m.

10

10

Comprehension

C u d van ban lien quan d~n cac chuyen nganh thu{>c linh
Vl.k: kinh t~ - thu<JDg m~i.

N irng cau hoi d~t ra giup thi sinh th~ hi~n kha nang (i) hi u y chinh neu trang van ban, (ii) n~ b~t thong tin chi

ti' , (iii) hi~u dugc quan h~ giiIa cac y trang do~n van va vi ba ban, (iv) hi~u dugc thai d{>/mvc dich cua tac giatvan

Section 3: Cloze

Section 3 hi mQt do<U\van ban bao g6m 10 ch6 tr3 g

- ]iI

10

10

nhihlg tit thiu !rong cau lien quan. Thi sinh cAn v~ d\lng kin thuc ngu philp, cAutrue, tit V\fI1gde tlm ra tit th ch h\IP di~n vilo khoilng tr3ng lien quan.

PAPER 2: WRITING

PAPER

bao

g6m

]o~i

hlnh

dugc

Qi Iii

CONTROLLED

I GUIDED

WRITING,

SENTENCE

TRANSFORMATION

vi COMPOSITION

PAPER 2 nhAmd3nh gia khil nilng sit d\lng tlng trinh bilyI di~n d~ty tu6ng
SECTION 1: Controlled Writing SECTION 1: g6m 10 nhom cac tit rlri, chua lien

nh de

~t vo;

10

15

nhau. Trong mOl nhom tit du<;1C xp theo thu If nhAt slip djnh. Thi sinh cAn sir d\1ng nhihlg tit dQc I~p cho si d\ll1g
th3nh diu hoiID chinh, cau cO y nghia vii dung ngit ph p.

SECTION 2: Sentence Transformation

SECTION 2 Iii d<U\gbili ~p chuyen hoa cau, boo g6m 5 cau hoiIDchinh cho sin. Thi sinh sir d\ll1g phAn g<;Ji dil cho y

dehoan

thanh diu mo; mil vin nguyen dugc y.

SECTION 3:

SECTION 3 IiiphAnviet bili lu~. Thi sinh chQn I M d~ de viet I bili lu~ thoo 2 ho~c 3 cM d~ duge cho I~ khoang 150 tit. I bili

khoiIDg 150 tit

10

COMPOSITION

T ong cling ' Diem t6ng cQng cua bili thi Iii 60. Nu diem thi cua thi sinh duo; 20 (30%) 2. Hili thi nghe hiEu: Bili thi nily dugc gQi Iii PAPER 3 em nhu khOng d~t

60

- Listening

Comprehension. Paper 3 bar g6m ba lolli hinh

bili thi dugc gQi Iii Part I, Part 2 vii Part 3. Thi sinh nghe 3 do<U\van ha) m~u d3i tholli vii thlfc hi~n cac chi din dugc ghi trong d~ thi. MOi bili nghe dugc dQc 3 IAn. ThiJi gian lilm bili khoang tit 30 den 40 phu!.

NQi dung

io~i hinh bili t~p vii m~c dieh danh gia

sA ca u/sa m~c

thang 4iem 10

Part 1

Ihl sinh co 2 phut d~ dQc tmoc 5 diu hoi va sau do nghe {>tdo~n viln ho~c milu d31 tho~i 3 I~n lien ti~p. Cac diu . i nh~m ki~m tra kha nang thi sinh trong vi~c ehQn dung tong tin tit ngu Ii~u nghe, nghe hi~u y chlnh, chi ti~t, nh~n ! ~t thai d{>ho~c y dinh cua ngum nol va nMn bi~t nghia. J \fa vao n{>idung cua.do~n viln vita nghe thi sinh vi~t cau t p liri NGAN GQN ra gl~y thi.

Part 2

I , hi sinh co 2 phut d~ dQc 5 ho~1O cau hoi va cac cau tra

5/10

10

I I in san duoi d~ng tr~c nghi~m. Sau do nghe dQc m{>t d ~n van hay m{>tmilu h{li tho~I 3 Ik lien ti~p. Thi sinh c Qn cau tni liri dung bing each khoanh trim I trong eac n ilu I\l' A, B, C ho~eD.
Part 3
~

i sinh co 2 phut d~ dQe tmoc m{lt do~n viin hay milu h(Ji

10

10

t o~i in s~n trong de thi. Van ban nay g6m 10 khoang tr3ng - a nhUng tit thi~u trong cau lien quan. Thi sinh nghe dQc d ?n van ban d6 3 I~n lien ti~p. Thi sinh phal vi~t cac tit t ieu vao cae khoang tr6ng thieh hgp. 1 ng diim Di~m t6ng c{lng cua bai hi la 30. N~u di~m bai thi cua thi sinh duoi 10 (30%) xem nhu khOng d~t 3. Thi vn dap: Man thi nay dugc gQi la PAPER 4 (Speaking). Bai thi nay g6m 2 ph~n; 30

Ph~n I; Ph6ng v~n (lnte view); Thi sinh so dugc hOi nhUng cau co lien quan d~n thong tin ca

nhan, ngh~ nghi p, noi lam vi~c... Ph~n 2; Trinh bay (Mini presentation); Thi sinh chQn ngilu nhien I chu de va can cli theo ph~n ggi y cho s~n d tdnh bay chu de d6 lrang vbng 2 d~n 3 phUt vi sau do so tri liri cac cau hOi cua glaD khao lien quan d~n chu d d1lIrinh biy.

Di~m t3ng c{lng cua bai hi la Io. N~u di~m cua thi sinh duoi 03 (30%) xem nhu khong d~t

4.Thang
IT I

diEm tAng cqng. mEm tA;da 60 30 10 100 DiEmd"t 2:20 2:10 2:03 2:50

Bai thi OQe- Vi~t Nghe Noi T6ng e(lng

N~u thi sinh cO m(lt mon dum DIEM O~ T se khong d"t tOM bQ IcYthi.

5. Cach lam hilithi tric nghi~m . 06i vm cae du h6i trAenghi~m, thi sinh ehQndiu tni loi dung bAngeach kJ banh trim man tlf
chQn. 1. Thi dl) ehQn A 2. Xoa A ehQn B 3. ChQn l"i A ( danh diu X !ren mh tlf ehQnI"i) x~

D
D D

~G: C
~C

10

PHAN II

BAI TAp MAu .

11

VOC

BULARY & GRAMMAR

13

VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

The following q estions are incomplete sentences. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C, D are given beneath each sentence. You are to choose ONE word or phrase t t best complete the sentence.

TEST 1
II My job frequently involves having to work A below B under C beneath intense pressure. D underneath

2/ This type of decisi n has to be made at board A layer Brank C grade D level to Paris but will be back on

3/ My colleague has one off on a quick business Monday. A trip 4/ The CD-ROM on $130.
-\;;;' ("/fi;:' A show

B journey has a yO B example

C flight

D travel

version of the software; the full program costs

C test

D demo to show what they have

5/ At the factory, all t e workers have to fill in time done. A lists

fzt7ZJ'
B papers: )oc[tO';:At'C checks

D sheets

6/ Why is it that most big government building projects finish over budget and behind A schedule 7/l'd like to ?

ctA~ B agenda

C plan

Dtime

a point connected with staff turnover. You said it was high

but it's no higher than ormal, is it? A ask 8/ They do not A accept B say C raise cheques in that restaurant. B agree Callow for that job. C applying Dwriting Dadmit D rise

9/ I would be very int rested in A entering B working

10/ This supermarket is trying to clothes.

young shoppers by offering fashionable

14

A target

B persuade

C encourage

D trap

11/ Job losses are mainly in the A blue-collar 12/ Your body feel. A appearance B red-collar

sectors of the industry. C stiff-collar D high-co lar ut how you really

usually gives other people information a

/ -, (,,1' 1' ( B impression

C language the arrangements she made with C confer Dconfi his investments. Cwith Don beh If of program new employees,

13/ Mrs Perez is writing to A conforn1 B confine .{:"IJI., ~?r 14/ My colleague has always had luck A throughout 15/ B among the managers

enhanced

the training

absenteeism has been declining. A Before B When C Since D During

*****

TEST 2
1/ The Managing Director is now urgently
~\~ jlLf~ ~(v ttLr'i-;~ ?1~ (q'(1

to appoint a

A seeking

B pursuing

C searching a share option scheme, sing C confer D embar next year.

2/ The company has decided to A introduce B innovate

3/ At the new job vacancy centres, unemployed people get training in how to write a good A summary 4/ That's a very good A help B solution and letter ofapplicatiol1' __oU
..

_ "j,,~", ,{, .
C resume

B review

D contr t

to the problem. C solve D cause to

5/ Are you able to say at this point how much damage has actually been
.? th e companys ~putatlon.~)
I

,/

II

\\ (f '1"(1.-1"', ~../-0'

./

A made

B done

C given

D taken

6/ Do you want to

as a candidate in the local elections?

15

t'Ub A stand

no .tv
B sit ego

o try
in these matters.

71The company ha its own code of

A behaviour 81 I'll put you A over Boff
91 Printix are offeri

B practice

C dealing

o attitude .., z.. '-..:;;1'" '

to the Sales Department. C through Din

~us a 15%

on all orders over $1000. C discount D consultation

A interest
B replacemen 101As a A conclusion B finding III Siemens is a hig Iy A innovative B reliable

f the review, they decided to close the factory down. C purpose D result leader in the electrics and electronics market. C extensive D traditional

12/1 would be grat' ul if you could let me have a detailed delivery terms. A quotation B term 131 The financial accounting year. A have not ch ged B had not changed o had not been changing s atement would Coffer Dorder have renected our difficulties

, including

prices and

if we

our

C have not bee changing 14/1 don't understan, A which B that

of these is to be included in the shipment. C some Dwhat a party of

151The hotel manag r would have offered us a 25% discount if we

ten or more.

A are

B were

C been

D had been

16

TEST 3
II Lack of orders has meant that a number of employees have been laid A down Bon Cup Doff

2/ They were badly managed for years, so I'm not surprised to hear the ve gone business. A down from 3/ You B up on C out of D alon in

earlier that we can expect a return to profit in the next two

years. Isn't it possible to be a little more precise? A told B spoke Csaid D raise

4/ The government has changed its policy and had a complete change 0 A view 5/ Thousands of A individuals B opinion Cmind D heart hone service.

are already signing up for this new tel B subscribers C applicants

D inte iewees

6/ I've given the latest sales them yet. A systems B figures 7/ One of the can take your time. A remaining B related 8/ Oh, dear. I think I've A put B done 9/ It's important to take A freq uent Blots 10/ The manual development

to Mr Allen but he hasn't h d a chance to look at

C worksheets D facts advantages of writing over talking to someone f: ce-to-face is that you

C relative D relevant the wrong number. C through D dialed breaks when working at a computer. C repeated Doften of new technologies means that there a e fewer jobs for

17

A workforce B staff I II You will see fro A competitive B competent 12/ We are happy to A. injured place the

C employees D workers the catalogue that our prices are very C completed D compatible goods free of charge.
C. destroyed D. damaged

B. hurt
13/ For many people 'ob~ A satisfaction B expectation

is more important than a high salary. C achievement D acceptance we can make it. Dhow

14/ Dr. Klein will be ble to meet with us this afternoon Aif 15/ Professor lagro with the A little B which C under

praised Mr. Modello for his literary contribution before presenting him money the group had gathered.

B few

Csmall *****

D less

TEST 4
1/ The company has ood industrial A workings B affairs
"",,"

and disputes are rare. C terms

D relations

2/ I think we'll be a e to sell the house quite easily coming round this a A future
3/ OUf prices

- in fact. we've

got two

buyers

moon. B ahead
C prospective

D close

are ve B competition C competitive D competing

A competitor 4/ Would you mind

new market?

us a little more about how you intend to enter this

A replying

B explaining

C telling

D answering

18

5/ You should have A taken out B sold off

those shares when they were cheap. C bought up D taken ver

6/ The circular will contain A key . B obvious

financial information to hel investors. C intelligent D noted number.

7/ No. This is the Finance Department. I'll check the A extension B external 8/ Many employees are eager to try Ain Bup 9/ After rationalisation the company was A in good time B in good shape C exterior D extraction new ideas. Con Dout

and its order book was ull. C in good spirits D in good health account.

10/ We apologise for the difficulty we are experiencing in paying your A delayed B waiting C outstanding D owing

II/The company needed to make job cuts so they asked staff to_ A offer 12/I B choose C volunteer

fo redundancy.

D select

it best to look over the competition before deciding to start a consulting

business in this town. A thought B pondered C liked D wond than Professor B very entertaining D the more entertaining in the near fu C something D some office in Taiwan. ed oyle.

13/ Professor Haage, as a public speaker, is A more entertaining C most entertaining 14/ Affordable electric cars will be available A some B sometime

15/ The client will reconsider the offer A considering Bmust C were

you decid~ to open D shoul

19

TEST 5
1/ The successful ap licant will have a proven track A history B record C curriculum in project management. o performance

2/ As a journalist for a national newspaper, I am used to working to a A target

3/ The report is

Blimit

C deadline

o plan

to show better than expected results. B possibly C clearly

A necessary

o likely

4/ The annual genera meeting was A conducted B provided 5/ If you are A .:oncerned B pleased 6/ You must A submit B subject 7/ I'm A worried B afraid 8/ The new Managin A applied B decided 9/ He was offered a b nk A payment B credit 10/ The company will be A promoting B encouraging

in the conference centre.

C run

o held
in attending, please let me know as soon as possible. C sure 0 interested your application by the end of the week. C subscribe 0 subcontract iss Johnson's in a meeting. C concerned 0 frightened Oirector of the company has just been C requested o appointed when the company experienced financial problems. C overdraft

o debt
a new range of health foods over the next rew months. C competing o supporting

20

III Before negotiating a deal make sure you know the strength products. A competing B conflicting 121lan is working as an A appellant B apprentice C commanding D connecting with Global Printers. C applicant

and weaknesses of

D appe dant that the

131 "If you had examined each factor individually," she argued, "you errorwas theirs." A would have seen C had seen 141 In program. A to light 151 The building, for damaged in the hurricane. A that B which C whom Dthis B light of C lights on Dlighte B would have been seeing Dsaw rising health care costs, many companies are sire

lining their benefits

a purchasing fund had been set aside, was severely

*****

TEST 6
1/ We were told that the expense budget was being trimmed considering the purchase of a larger warehouse. A because 2/ She is, in A every B so C neither Dor the company was

respect, an ideal candidate for the position. Ball C individual D other such stres ul conditions. Dover vestment to make

31 The new employee found it difficult to work A beneath 41 He another. A explaining C had been explained B besides C under

pyramiding as simply using the profits of one

B are being explained D explained

21

5/ The bank laid do n several policies designed Ato 6/ I would like to conclusions. A postpone 7/ The company A granted 8/ It was agreed perfect A condition C situation 9/ Unfortunately the e is still a lot of A distraction
B discriminat

simplifY the collection process. Dwhat

B so

C that

the conference call until both analysts have sent us their

B move

C hinder

D detain

the entire staff with an additional two days of vacation. B offered

C rewarded

D awarded

at the full cost would be refunded if the goods were returned in

B state D shape against older people in the workplace. C discretion n D distortion employee.

10/ Carol's reliabili A idealized B ideal

and confidence make her an C idyllic

D idealistic

III They agreed tha the system wasn't working well and there was a need to more radical approa h. A choose B designate 12/ It's going to be ifficult to break become a key marke for us. A through B up 13/ The consultants timekeeping. A emphasised B recommend d C motivated D related C into D down C prefer D adopt

the Far East market but I believe it will

the importance of managers involving staff in the issue of

22

14/ Plans have already been drawn A over B through Cup

tn deal with such si uations.

o into

15/ After all these years she has decided to take early A leave B finishing C departure *****

o retire eni

TEST 7
1/ Like many companies, we were affected by the A downside B downturn C downgrade in the w rId economy.

o down all
oducing cars.

2/ Henry Ford introduced the assembly A row B queue Cline

as a way of mass-

o file
? Oexp

3/ What kind of problems will the change in the schedule A make 4/ You can see the A announcement 5/ It was a big A trial B do C cause

about the sale in the local paper. B warning C notice

.

o advert
o test

sement

for her to give up her acting career to 100 after her family. B sacrifice C endeavour

6/ In some countries it is quite colleagues. A offensive Blikely

to use the correct title whe

talking to business

C formal

o tricky
completely

7/ The company had scarcely gotten back on its feet when it was by the fire. A ravage B ravaging C ravaged

o ravages
frozen foods o deli veri g

8/ Our division is responsible for making and A delivered 9/ The fringe benefits A enticed B teased B delivers
C deliverer

him to accept the position. C illustrated

o attracte
to avoid th pending lawsuit.

10/ Sonya & Company settled the matter out of

23

A courthouse

B courting

C courts

D court

11/ The form of a c mputer command is so precise that any alteration of it is to the comput r. A unintelligi C unintellige y
.

B unintelligibility D unintelligible one.

12/ Although profit s one indicator of success, it need not be the A alone B single C lonely Donly

13/ I felt that we ha finally A made 14/ A fanmer can months in order to A draw out 15/ The findings of local police force. A interruptio B corruption B took

some headway on these tax issues.

Chad

Dwent

a contract with a mill to lock in a certain price for six protected against falling prices. B draw up C draw in D draw on amongst the

e investigation confinmed that there was no

C eruption

D disruption

*****

TEST 8
1/ The buying and about. A something 2/ look A up 3/ The reception is deliveries
A ever since

lIing of stocks and bonds is

1 would like to learn more

B somewhere stable economic

C somehow growth

D somewhat president can probably

Because

of

rate, the

o another term. B forward informed customers Cover D above delay in

that there would be a two-week

the current stock had been exhausted. Bas

C whenever

D until collapse.

4/ If it weren't for ve ture capital, the American business machine A would Bwill C was Dwere

24

5/ Lawmakers were about to end their sum,mer session, but not before giving A himself 6/ The publisher will A maybe 7/ All departments A meeting Bmet a pay raise. B themselves C herself

ey passed a proposal

need the report by week's end. B probably C possible D even uaJly

their deadlines wiU be given a substan ial bonus.

C will meet

Dtom

8/ The lecturer was neither on time Aor B nor

prepared. C and Dbut

9/ The most effective sales technique is one which tells the custo er how the product will him or her. A better B improve Cprofit D benefit prospects good.

10/ Although I am a very junior member of staff, my A long-lived B long-standing II/He was unable to stay for the attend to. A time B length 12/ The hotel management package. A stalling Bpoint
C standstill

C long-winded D long-term of the meeting as he ad other business to

C extent D duration and the union are at a re ding the benefits

Ddraw

13/ A car today produces 70% A fewer Bless

pollutants than .ten years ag Clower was being mail to all interested

14/ The secretary told me that a new investors. A prospectus 15/ The shares had been
B prosecution C prosthesis

for quite some time.

25

A undernouri hed C underchar d

B underval ued

D underdeveloped

*****

TEST 9
1/ Ursula was the vi e president of A marketings 2/ An estimated 35 Ain 3/ The entire indust A evolution C has evolved B marketing for the East Coast last year. C markets
D marketed

illion tax dollars is lost even year B for Cat Dover

the black economy.

out of the need to conserve energy. B are evolving D have evolved

4/ The decision to hi e her rests ultimately with the director of human

A resource B resources

C resourcing ventures would

D resourceful more for strengthening

5/

Properly

cond cted

business

international relation than anything else. A done 6/ There was a deli n te brought up the topic f wages. Aair B stillness C moment D scent B able to do C do D doing

of expectation in the room when the general manager

7/ Once further inves ment has been A secured B obliged

the plans for growth can be carried out. C bound D forced

8/ The reason there a e no buses is because the drivers are on A hit 9/ There has been services. A long-winded B long-lasting C long-standing
D long-lived

B stop

C strike

D leave

agreement to supply Texmills with our products and

10/ There are no publ c phones in here but there is a phone

in Market Street.

26

A room B operator

C booth D switchboard in ext month's pay.

III If this project is completed on time we will receive a A bonus B batch 121Some companies have A abandoned B collapsed Cbill D salary all their secretarial posts. C abolished D failed

131Over the decades, the name of Siemens has become A symptomatic B synonymous 141Buying in A bulk B amounts C systematic D synthetic
can reduce unit costs.

with rogress.

C volume D weight at the plant.

151Unfortunately the recent takeover will result in a number of A rationalisations B dealings C redundancies D exchanges

*****

TEST 10
1/ All items in this range will be A suitable B portable from 27 April.
C available D accessible

21 Artemis gives us a good price on this because they are our A single Bone
C individual

suppliers.

Dsole

3/ All letters of credit should include an expiry date when payment is A called B complete C ready Ddue

27

4/ The delay in desp tch was due to circumstances A above B beyond 5/ Please send us a c py of her A journey Bmap 6/ Although prices ave remained C. under DIn

our control.

50 that we can arrange transport. C itinerary D route for the past two years we are expecting a

sharp rise in the near future. A still B immobile 7/ The interview pan I's A overdone B overall C same D static impression was that Sam was the most suitable candidate. C overbearing
D overblown

8/ Neither the custo er or the salesperson wants to feel_ A checked B changed 9/ We are willing to A in B after 10/ The pay A out town h es to collect pply the goods C cheated D charged

over a deal.

a discount of 5%. Cat Dover enough money from the municipal bonds to

th bridge repairs. B for C into Dby over fi fiy new personnel to

11/ The public uti lit companies have been forced help with all the repa s. A hired B hiring C hire

D to hire coincide.

12/ Calendar years an fiscal years don't A almost B already C always

D also the buying power of people with a

13/ If inflation gets t 0 high, it steadily fixed income.

28

A would erode 141Inflation is eating A down

B erodes

C eroded

D will be roding

at ourhard-eamed savings. Bon C through D away was inevitable. C progress D growth

151The retail merchants knew that a price A enlargement B increase

*****

TEST 11
II With the holidays coming, department stores are gearing up for their bu Aera. B epoch C course
.

D season dments.

21 The letter from the attorney A mentions C has been mentioned 31 The lease states that you must A vacate 41 During B move in

nothing about the lease am B mentioning D is being mentioned

the apartment in good co dition. C escape from

D go out
t paid particular

the inspection

of the production

process, the consult

to the assembly line workers. A observation B notice Ctime D attentio the high sales to thei new ad campaign. Con D for of scale.

51The marketing department chalked A out Bup

61 This approach will enable us to get the maximum benefit from A savings B compensations C resources for you? C arrangement D attendance D econom s

71 Would you like me to fix up an A application B appointment 81 You should always speak to customers A slowly B politely

C carefully D kindly

29

9/ He was asked to the organisation. A underline B undergo 10/ The consignme A unloaded B emptied 11/ The company sa
A downfall

a thorough review of the health and safety provision within

C undertake D understand arrives at the warehouse on Monday and will be C undone D unsent net profits fall as a result of the C downturn
D downward

immediately.

in the industry world-wide.

B downgrade

12/ If you do not p y your bill within the next few days we will have to consider taking legal A prosecution B action 13/ There was a C instruction D presentation in the order at the factory and the wrong package was sent.

A. mix-up B. mixture
14/ Their products A outlooks B outlets 15/ The managem committee

C. mixing D. mixed-up
only available through selected C outlines D outfits that flextime should be limited to

permanent members f staff. A stipulated B required C asked D wanted

*****

TEST 12
1/ She made sure tha everyone was able to express their points of A view C idea

30

B opinion 2/ Many people would jump A off Bin 3/ A good salesperson can A satisfy B appeal 4/ As a limited company. A partnering B partnership

D impression the chance of working for a success Cat Dover almost anybody to buy anything. C persuade D adapt she rarely engages in the internal a ministration of the I travel company.

C partner

D partne

5/ Our technical .department is racing to develop the technology th t will give us the competitive edge we'll need A to maintain B will maintain our profit trend. C maintain D be mai taining everything

6/ Our family was once a majority shareholder in a company that during the Depression. A lose B was losing Clost D to lose

7/ The market crashed right A since 8/ My boss promised to A take Blet B after

he sold most of his stocks. Cat Dyet e meeting.

on board the suggestions I made at Chold Dset out.

9/ The complaint about the cost of the item was soon A. dealt

C. taken D. cleared
when he discovered the equipme t was missing.

B. sorted
10/ The customer demanded a

A. return B. repair III Her supervisor was very that need improvement.
A discrepant B discreet

C. refund D. reply
in her choice of words when pointing out areas

C dissolute

D disson

31

12/ At the time it A sign

the contract satisfied all parties. B signed C was signing D was signed action against the other firm.

13/ The board of dir tors convinced him to A take

B do

C give

D make .your application before I

14/ Customer Servi ,on the fifth floor, will have

can process it.

A approve

B been approved

C approving

D to approve

15/ They said my qu lifications were A most B best Cmore

varied than those of any other applicant. D very

*****

TEST 13
1/ It is important fo many small businesses to improve their credit customers pay on ti A limit B control 2/ There was a seriou staff A shortage B reduction 3/ The sales A figures B drive 4/ Supermarkets ofte find point of sale
products to their cust mers.

and ensure

C risk Dterm at the time so several shipments were held up. C decrease D Contraction for the next few months is not particularly optimistic C forecast D trend very useful when introducing new

A displays B exhibits 5/ He thanked the suggestions seriously. A with anagement

C presentations D exhibitions behalf of the staff for taking their

C in

32

Bon

D for
very quickly.

6/ Once they had agreed terms the deal was pushed A over B through C in Dby

7/ Mrs. Corritas always ships her orders out in a A quickly B hastily Ctimely

fashion. D promptl wn at the time of

8/ Both parties were at an the negotiations. A impairment 9/ B impedance

because nothing was written

C impasse involved,

D implosi n I think he could have been

he not become emotionally

instrumental in averting the strike. A Had 10/ According B Since C Should D Were committee, th company is not

to the findings of the investigative

for the damages.

A liable .
11/ Our original A supplicant 12/ The backup system A will 13/ The field staff was
company's restructuring.

B guilty

C obligated

D suscepti Ie

was very reliable and always delivered on ime. B supporter C suppressor turned on by that time. B should C is being D will hav been D supplie

articulate in expressing its diss isfaction with the

A greatly

B keenly

C moreover

D quite was the purpose 0 enacting the Truth

14/ Enabling consumers to make educated in Lending Act.

A decisi ve

B deciding

C decides

D decision it

15/ The volume of paperwork that needs to be filled out to buy a home c seem insunnountable. A make B cause Cput D appear

33

TEST 14
1/ The mail sorting A operation achine is out of B performance Corder again. D function in his report. D inform

2/ The comptroller a ked the treasurer for a breakdown of the A informatior 3/ Managers should building. A suggest B encourage C support D co-operate. B informations C informative

staff to maintain the no-smoking policy throughout the

4/ If you're taking n tes it's a good idea to make them as clear and A quick B brief
r

as possible.

C essential D rough of$500 which we received today. Cremains

D remuneration

5/ Thank you for yO!

A remittance

B remission 6/ If customers fail te A meet B charge 7/ The poor quality 0 the products was workforce. A caused B blamed

their bills you can be left with a serious cash-flow problem. C invoice D state on inadequate supervision of the

C explained DPut

8/ When deciding w at kind of advertising to use it's important to find out as much as possible about your A companions B competitions 9/ In this course, yo C competitors D components will be learning the most widely used method of taking inventory

mainta' ing inventory records. Ato B because C and Dwith

34

10/ We cannot print A with Bon

the financial report until the comput Cforth Dout

is working.

11/ Municipal bonds are issued by state and local governments to payor bridges in good A state B repair C quality D man er

keeping roads and

12/ Our department is neither prepared A or B nor Cbut

willing to fund th s research. D also

13/ Although improving, the unemployment problem still A persistence 14/ Bpersists C persisting D persi ently ng the whistle on the

amount of money was going to stop her from blo

company's policy regarding waste disposal. A None 15/ BNot C Such DNo more business.

of the downtown shopping district was done to attra A Reinforcement B Fabrication C Restoration

D Furbi hing

*****

TEST 15
1/ Ian has to be very organised as his work involves meeting tight A problems B responsibilities 2/ There is a staff. A unnecessary 3/ The credit terms A remind B stipulate 4/ It's important to A take on B bad C unfortunate D grave C challenges D deadlines danger that the new regulations will be mi understood by many

that payment should be on presentation 0 he goods. C agree Dsettle customer references when offering credit. B take down C take up D take i for the car.

5/ The advertising company has come up with a catchy new

35

.
A slogan B saying C image D feature

6/ The goods will b delivered by Wednesday at the A last B longest C least D latest invited to speak at the opening

7/ We have two re esentatives from Intel who

ceremonies.

A been

B was

Cwere

Dhad for small businesses.

8/ The transport stri e is becoming a A disgust 9/ As a result of B discord

C disaster

D disclosure

ur trip to Lima, we were able to forge a partnership with one of our

camp titors. A precedent B former Clast D sooner all agreements

10/ A good way to void misunderstandings in business is to in writing. A put off B put away C put D put up with

III Bond activity in reased A with respec to B in regard to 12/ Most investme t brochures futu e results." A guarantor 13/ Arthur Morris contrary.
A increment

our intense marketing efforts. C in light of D as a result of cannot

carry the following caveat: "Past performance

B guaranty reated the first

C guaranteed

D guarantee

loan in 1916 despite all advice to the

B installment

C internment

D involvement

14/ Ms. Yen's contri ution to the company has been A industrial B indigenous
C invaluable

D inclement

15/ Bondholders are enerally A consider B considering

more conservative than stockholders.

C considerable

D considered

36

REA ING COMPREHENSION

37

READING COMPREHENSION
In this section yo statements about will find each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished he passage, each with four or three suggested answers or ways of

finishing. You mu t choose the one which you think fits best. Read each passage right through before ch sing your answers.

PASSAGE 1
To be successful, a business traveler must be able to maintain contact with the office, no matter what the tim or place. Negotiations often involve decisions based on the latest figures.. New telecommunic ions products and services now on the market make staying in touch

easier than ever ber. e. The most widesprea device is the cellular telephone, the price of which has dropped from

several thousand do lars to a few hundred, including installation. There are over 2 million cellular phones in u phones have prove transactions. Phone today, including both car phones and cordless transportable units. Car indispensable for road emergencies as well as routine business

rvice is also available on airplanes and on the rails.

Recently introduced I1QcL--t iz,J ~rganizers help busines~ travelers with heavy schedules s keep track of client can serve as phone among other uses. Another invaluable t lecommunications tool is smaller, lighter fax machines that plug into any standard electric I outlet and phone line. The devices allow instantaneous transmission of hard copy to any 10 tion having a compatible fax machine. It is expected that faxing will soon become the pri ary means of sending and receiving short documents requiring prompt altention. II What is the best tit e for this passage? A. New Tele ommunications Products and Services B. The Busin ss Traveler C. Office Co munications D. Computer and Businessmen 2/ According to the p sage, why do business travelers need to keep in touch with the office? A. They may at know where they are. B. Company uidelines require frequent contact.
/

~~y

computers that can store all kinds of information. They

d address directories, calendars, electronic memo pads, and calculators,

C. They must ave the latest information for negotiations. D. So many n w products and services are on the market. 3/ According to the p sage, mobile phone service

38

A. is very useful in the case of road accidents. B still costs several thousands of dollars. C. is not yet available on trains and airplanes. D. does not come in transportable form. 41 In line 14, the word "these" refers to A. clients B. schedules C. organizers D. travelers

51Pocket-sized computers are especially useful for businessmen who A have no maintain frequent contact with the office B. have very busy itineraries. C. are unable to afford cellular phones D. do not have many clients to deal with. *****

PASSAGE 2 Construction Outlook for the Haiphong District,

This report is concerned primarily with construction of homes in the Haiphong area in the next decade. There are many factors which influence the construction of houses in the area, and part of the report is devoted to an analysis of these factors: pop lation growth and the increased need for housing, economic activity, and current housing fac. ities. The information used in the preparation of this report was gathered from the Chamber of

Commerce, census tracts, government reports and books relating to ho Last year, the estimated population of corporate Haiphong was 724,00 percent over the Vietnam Census figure. The population of metro 922,000. The considerable growth of metropolitan Haiphong is reflect city's living area by roughly thirteen percent. Haiphong covers an area \itan Haiphong was in expansion of the f 295,5 square miles,

of which 19 square miles is land. There is more than enough room fo expansion, especially in the Gingh Bo, Quan '1'0 and Shangti areas. Although there may appear to be adequate housing facilities for the percent of those units are dilapidated. In general, the economic condit pulation. twenty-five ns in Haiphong seem

extremely favorable for a continued increase in new housing con truction and housing improvements. The introduction of the new Hunddei automobile m ufacturing plant will

further develop the economy of the metropolitan area. Income, in ge eral, will continue to rise as the industrial activity in the area picks up. One could conclude that home construction in the future will he at I year. with a good chance of a five to ten percent increase. II What is the purpose of this report?

39

A To explain th rate of success of previous construction efforts B To criticize t e housing conditions in Haiphong C To estimate t e prospects for home building in Haiphong o To detail pro sed industrial activity for the area

2/ Which factor waul NOT have an impact on the building of homes in the area? A The availabil ty of pllblic transportation B The level of i dustrial activity in the area C How fast the opulation was gro~ing o How many Ii ing quarters are currently available 3/ What was the esti A 724,000 B 922,000 C 1,646,000 ted population of Haiphong's business center last year?

o 198,000
4/ What percentage 0 Haiphong's housing needs repair or replacement? A 10% BII% C 13% 025% 5/ What effect will th Hunddei plant have on the area? A It will raise t e price of homes in the area. B Wages, in ge eral, should go up five to ten percent. C It will boost t e local economy. o The compan will help subsidize the repair of dilapidated homes.

~
PASSAGE 3
Here are some statis ics that may heighten your interest in the Pa.cific Basin. Half of tbe world's wealth and 0 r half of its population live in the 34 countries and 23 island states that

embrace the Basin, w ich itself consists of 70 million square miles. Ninety-five percent of the world's natural silk c be found there as well as 88 percent of its natural rubber, 22 percent

of its oil resources, an 64 percent of its cotton. Well over a thousand languages are spoken in the area, and it is th source of some of the richest religious and cultural traditions in the world. The most rapidly exp nding economy in the region is Taiwan, with South Korea expected to be amongst the riche countries in the world in the twenty-first century. Not enough can be

said about the mark t potential of China. As these countries continue to develop, their , 40

manufacturing capabilities will become increasingly complex and the r market for advanced technology will expand. The telecommunications industry, for instan will soon take off.

It is the educated labor force as well as the work ethic that acc unts for the growing manufacturing power of the Pacific nations. Lying on the trade routes 0 both- East and West, this area has a unique advantage, something that few businesses can ig ore. 1/. Who is this report most likely intended for? A Companies wanting to expand their market reach B Translators for the Pacific region languages C Natural rubber manufacturers D The Department of Labor 2/ Only five percent of what product can be found outside the PacificB A Oil B Natural rubber C Natural silk D Cotton 3/ How should readers of this report view the Pacific Basin? A As an overly populated region with little buying power B As a growing market C As a forbidding competitor D As a powerful opponent 4/ Which industry is likely to excel in the Pacific Basin in the near futu ? A Mobile phone manufacturers B Rubber tire manufacturers C Oil refineries D Clothing manufacturers 5/ Why is the Pacific Basin becoming the focus of the business commu ity? A The cost of labor is considerably less. B It is well poised for great economic expansion. C The area has superior educational standards. D There are few trade restrictions in the countries there. in?

*.*.

41

PASSAGE 4
September 29, 1993 Paul Bergstein, President Stone & Brick Contractors 423 Ridgewell Road Burbank, CA 91345

Dear Mr. Bergstein, Because I have not en able to reach you by phone, I am resorting to registered mail. On

May 2 of this year, I signed a contract with your Mr. Alan Stevenson for a five-foot high stone wall. Jt had an rched entrance with fittings for a particular black swinging metal gate. Completion was sche uled for September 15 and the agreed-upon price was $5,500. Enclosed is a copy of the contr t.

Although the work b gan and ended as scheduled and the wall itself is a constant source of compliments from th neighbors, it turns out that the fittings for the gate were incorrectly placed. Not only that, but the bill was $400 over the quoted price. I was not concerned wall has to be opene rearranged to accom bout the overcharge of S400 until I found out about repair costs. The up in eight separate spots where the old fittings are so that they can be odate the new gate. That adjustment alone will cost me $500.

I, therefore, respectC lIy request that you refund at least $400 as soon as possible. As I had such difficulty in t ing to reach you by phone, I am somewhat concerned about your willingness to accou t for this error. While I would prefer not to, I will not hesitate to refer this matter to my aU Sincerely, Ingrid Baum ***** 1/ What is Ingrid's m in purpose in writing the letter? A To request a efund B To inquire a C To give the ut the additional charge of $400 mens ions for the gate she wants installed ney if I don't hear from you in the coming week.

D To complim nt the workers on their work 2/ How did Ingrid ini ially try to reach Mr. Bergstein? A Through her awyer B By phone

42

C Bye-mail D Through registered mail 3/ How much did Ingrid pay for the building of the wall? A $4,000 B $5,500 C $5,900 D $6,000 4/ How will the gate be repaired? A By rearranging the fittings B By buying a new gate

C By paying $400 more

D By taking down part of the stone wall 5/ In the last paragraph, the word "attorney" is closest in meaning to A representative B lawyer C advisor D counselor

*****

PASSAGE 5

THE BOSSES SPEAK

John Stuart is an executive recruitment specialist who has turned to wri ng. The result is this book, based on interviews with twenty Chief Executives. Each top manager - none of them famous names, surprisingly - is giv n a short chapter, and there is some introductory material and a conclusion. This means yo person to another, in any order, which is good for people who are to can jump from one busy to read a book

from cover to cover. For a management book it isn't expensive, altho gh whether it's good value for money is doubtful. Some of the twenty interviewees started their own businesses, while ot ers joined a company and worked their way up. Some are fairly new in their position, and ot ers have had years of experience, though, strangely, Stuart doesn't seem interested in t interviewees work in everything, from retailing to airlines to software that forms the main theme of Stuart's book. I have to say that Stuart's approach annoys me. He rarely stays at a distance from his interviewees, who are mostly presented in their own, positive words. I this were always the se differences. The and it is this variety

43 R

case, at least you wou d know where you were. But he seems to dislike certain interviewees. As a result, I don't kn w whether to accept any of his opinions. It also means that the ook gives no clear lessons. At the very least, I expected to learn what makes a successful C ief Executive. But these people seem to share two types of qualities. Some of them are ver common, suggesting that anyone can be equally successful, which is definitely not the cas

. And

the other qualities are ones which most successful bosses I've

seen definitely do not ave. So in the end I'm no wiser about what really goes on. Perhaps I'm being u fair. As long as you don't think about whether you'd like them as friends, and pay no at ntion to most of the advice they give, the most readable parts are where the bosses escribe their route to their present position. Stuart seems to think hat his book would be useful for people aiming for the top, and that it might even make a ~ here is very limited. would provide some 1/ The reviewer sugg want to start their own company; but, in fact, what they could learn een as light business reading for a doctor or teacher, though, this book od entertainment. ts that one advantage of the book is that

A it is better va e than other management books. B it does not ne d to be read right through. C it is about we I-known people. 2/ The book concentr tes on the fact that the twenty executives who are interviewed A work in a nu ber of different industries. B started their mpanies.

C have worked or different lengths of time. 3/ The reviewer cann t accept Stuart's opinions because Stuart A makes unrea onable complaints about the interviewees. B writes too po itively about the interviewees. C has different 4/ Reading the book ttitudes towards different interviewees. ade the reviewer think that

A there are cert in qualities which all Chief Executives need. B it is difficult 0 discover how people really run a company. C running a co pany is easier than many people think. 5/ Which parts of the ook did the reviewer most enjoy reading? A how the inte iewees became Chief Executives B what sort of eople the interviewees are C the advice gi en by the interviewees 6/ The reviewer reco mends the book for people who A intend to set p in business. B want to beeD e seniormanagers.

C are outside the field of business.

PASSAGE 6
I know that it is my job to make sure that everything goes well for work hard for the company. I cannot be blamed for last week. I met e tourists and I feel I e group at the airport

and took them to the coach. The coach driver was a bit annoyed beca se the flight was late. But it wasn't far to the hotel and everyone was looking forward to t eir dinner. We hadn't used the Hotel Riviera before but our normal one had a conference in t so was fully booked. When I announced our arrival at the reception desk, they said they ere full. I had booked

rooms for the group but the manager said they were cancelled by phon a few days before. He insisted that he recognised my voice and that I had made the phone argument but they obviously didn't have enough rooins. In the end the hotels in the town and found rooms for everyone but in four different coach had gone so we had to get taxis and some of the tourists started me. I still don't know who made that phone call but it definitely wasn't 1/ What is the writer trying to do? A argue B C apologise explain I. We had a bit of an anager phoned other otels. By this time the get very angry with e.

D complain 21 Who was the text written to? A one of the tourists B the writer's employer

C the hotel manager D the coach company 3/ Why weren't any rooms available at the Hotel Riviera? A A conference was taking place there. B C D There were more people in the group than expected. Someone had forgotten to book them. Someone had said they were not needed.

4/ What happened in the end? A The tourists got angry with the hotel manager. B The tourists couldn't stay together. e The writer found other hotels with rooms.

D The writer called the coach driver back. 5/ Which of the following diaries was written by one of the tourists?

45 R

Someone h d made a mistake with our hotel booking and the hotel had given our rooms to ot er people.

B The hotel different 0 C We got to

e were taken to wasn't good enough so we asked to change to a

e airport and had to wait for the coach. So it was really late when we

got to the h tel. D The coach river 'took us to the wrong hotel and they knew nothing about us.

****

PASSAGE 7 GROWING RESTAURANT CHAIN

Simon Dale, the c airman and founder of the Dalehouse restaurant chain, yesterday announced plans to pen a further 20 restaurants and create 600 new jobs in the next four

years. The group hop s to open 4 of the new restaurants by the end of this year, creating up to 120 jobs. The progr me will result in a chain of over 100 Dalehouse restaurants in towns

and cities all over the United Kingdom by the end of the four-year period. The company also h a limited programme of expansion in other countries. There are plans

for the company to open its third restaurant abroad towards the middle of next year as planning permission was recently received for a restaurant in the south of Spain. At the moment there is a D lehouse restaurant in Germany and another in Denmark. Negotiations are already taking pi ce about opening two more restaurants in Germany and three more in Spain. Mr Dale said yesterd y: 'Our plans are ambitious and there is no doubt that in some ways t ay are quite frightening. But we've been in business for twenty years and a lot of our staff have been with us for mos of that time and, as a result, have experience of things growing at a fast rate.' The Dalehouse chai currently has 82 restaurants, all in town centre locations. The group is planning now to ex and further in residential areas. The company intends to continue its tradition of having ost of its restaurants open from midday until midnight seven days a

week. It will also co inue to open restaurants in buildings which were originally designed for a different purpose. Certain financial jou finance its plans Mr alists wonder whether the company will be able to find enough cash to ale, however, remains positive. 'It is true,' he says, 'that we will not be

able to finance the pans without some support from the banks. and we are in the process of arranging this at the oment. Most of the money, however, will come from the amount we

46 R

have kepi back from our profits for future investment in the b siness. We opened 4 restaurants last year so an expansion programme of 5 this year an outside the normal rate of growth. We have had hardly any problems in the past and expect this to continue in the future. 11After four years there will be A a total of 600 people employed by Dalehouse restaurants. B a Oalehouse restaurant in over 120 UK towns and cities. C 20 more Oalehouse restaurants than there are at present. 2/ How many Oalehouse restaurants are there in other countries at the A One. B C Two. Three. omen!? 6 next would not be nancing our expansion

3/ What does Mr Dale say about the company's employees? A Most of them have worked for Oalehouse since it started. B Most of them have enjoyed being in a growing company. C Many of them have seen the company developquickly.

4/ What will be different about the new Dalehouse restaurants? A B C Some will be away from town centres. Son.e will be in buildings not planned as restaurants. Some will be open every day of the week.

5/ What does Mr Dale have to say about financing the company's plans. A Oalehouse has already arranged loans to help with the financ B C Oalehouse will need help from the banks. Oalehouse has enough money to finance its plans without hel

6/ What does Mr Dale say about problems caused by expansion? A There have only been minor problems. B There will be fewer problems in the future. C There have been very few problems.

.....
PASSAGE 8
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
As more and more companies are using the Internet to do business, M rk Williams explains how a new software package is helping the efficient transfer of medi ines from factory to patient. AHL Pharmaceuticals is one of Britain's largest wholesale distributors f medicines. Under a

European parent company, Setra AG, it covers 40 per cent of the British market. The

47 R

company buys medici es from the manufacturers and delivers them on a twice-daily basis to hundreds of hospitals d pharmacies around the country.

"The responsibility f< supplying such large quantities of medicines is frightening,' says IT director, Stephen Smi h. 'If a manufacturer has quality control problems, creating a shortfall in supply, or if medic' es are suddenly needed in large quantities somewhere else in the world our stock levels can demand was a huge II dramatically. In the past such a lack of balance between supply and roblem. With our new software system, we know immediately of any

possible manufacturi g or supply difficulties, can warn our customers and suggest possible alternatives.' This system is so ef lcient because manufacturers can update details themselves of stock levels and product i ormation. Twice a day staff at AHL transfer this data to their main computer system wh e it is made available through the AHL website to company personnel and customers. With so many people aving access to the data,isn't the security of the system at risk? 'Not at all,' says Smith. 'We un the software within our own internal security system. The data goes into a special "sand x" which is separate from the rest of the system. Even if someone manages to get into t software, they can't go anywhere else on the network.'

And does he think th t this is the limit of the software's use? 'The first time I saw this I had the feeling that life w uld be different from now on. Instead of having lots of pieces of paper flying around, an exp nsion of the software system into the purchasing department means that orders can now be d It with in a moment. The only delay to further expansion is deciding what area of the com II AHL Pharmaceuti ny to apply it to next.' Is

A manufactur s medicines. B C puts drug c mpanies in contact with customers. supplies m icines to customers.

2/ According to the te t, what is the challenge for pharmaceutical manufacturers? A developing n w types of medicines B transportin C medicines to other countries

ensuring a onstant supply of medicines

3/ The most importan function of the new software is to A B C maintain th quality of customer service. expand the ustomer network worldwide. inform pati nts about better quality medicines.

4/ New information a out medicines A B is updated y the manufacturers twice a day. is made av 'Iable to customers by AHL personnel.

48 R

company buys medic nes from the manufacturers and delivers them on a twice-daily basis to hundreds of hospitals nd pharmacies around the country. The responsibility fi r supplying such large quantities of medicines is frightening,' says IT director, Stephen Smi h. 'If a manufacturer has quality control problems, creating a shortfall in supply, or if medic es are suddenly needed in large quantities somewhere else in the world our stock levels can demand was a huge II dramatically. In the past such a lack of balance between supply and roblem. With our new software system, we know immediately of any

possible manufacturi g or supply difficulties, can warn our customers and suggest possible
alternatives. '

This system is so ef lcient because manufacturers can update details themselves of stock levels and product in ormation. Twice a day staff at AHL transfer this data to their main computer system whe e it is made available through the AHL website to company personnel and customers. With so many people aving access to the data,isn't the security of the system at risk? 'Not at all,' says Smith. 'We
I

n the software within our own internal security system. The data goes

into a special "sandb x" which is separate from the rest of the system. Even if someone manages to get into th software, they can't go anywhere else on the network.' And does he think th this is the limit of the software's use? 'The first time I saw this I had

the feeling that life w uld be different from now on. Instead of having lots of pieces of paper flying around, an exp sion of the software system into the purchasing department means that

orders can now be de It with in a moment. The only delay to further expansion is deciding what area of the comp ny to apply it to next.' 1/ AHL Pharmaceutic Is A B C supplies m manufactur medicines. panies in contact with customers. icines to customers.

2/ According to the te t, what is the challenge for pharmaceutical manufacturers? A developing ne. types of medicines B C transporting medicines to other countries ensuring a c nstant supply of medicines

3/ The most important function of the new software is to A maintain the quality of customer service. B C expand the c stomer network worldwide. inform patie ts about better quality medicines.

4/ New information ab ut medicines A B is updated b the manufacturers twice a day. is made avai able to customers by AHL personnel.

48 R

is given direct to customers by manufacturers.

5/ Stephen Smith feels that A the security of information on the network used to be a wo B all the data should be stored on the same system.

C the company's computer-based information is well-protected 6/ The new software A can be used in many areas of the company's business. B will soon totally replace the need for paper documents. C is delaying the expansion of the purchasing department.

...**
PASSAGE 9 INTERVIEWS
People applying for jobs normally send in a copy of their CV. This s for questions from the interviewer. . Interviewers find it useful to ask candidates about the way they behav d in difficult situations in the past, for example with an angry customer or colleague. ese questions allow uld be used as a basis

applicants to explain how they acted in a real-life situation and, conse .uently, give clues as to how they would act again in similar situations. Candidates are lik Iy to tell the truth as speaking from memory leaves little time to invent what happen

On the other hand

questions which ask candidates to imagine how they would behave in a situation which they have probably never met are of little or no value. This is because the only provide answers about how candidates would hope to behave, and this might not match the actions they would actually take. In any interview candidates must be treated fairly, with questions as and with no candidate's interview lasting considerably longer than should always be given the opportunity to ask questions throughout th Jan Godley, head of Human Resources at Aspley Supermarkets says:' not only who have the right qualifications and experience, but also company needs staff ho are happy to fit in in the same manner yother's. Candidates

with the company's way of doing things. Our managers have to accep the idea that everyone working here is a colleague (managers are always known by their first names). and that spending time actually in the store with colleagues and customers, ra er than in their offices, is part of the job. For management posts, we organise pre--intervi w group exercises to measure team-working personal qualities. 'In all our interviews we pay attention to body language. It is naturallfor candidates to show signs of being nervous at an interview but most relax after a few mi tes and become more and leadership skills, sometimes along wi h activities to assess

49 ~

confident. However, if the nervousness continues until the end of the interview, especially when difficult questi ns are asked, we would begin to have doubts about that candidate. Like all employers, we w t to take on staff who are at ease with colleagues and customers so itis important to watch t way candidates behave, as well as listen to what they have to say.'

1/ According to the a icle, why are questions about a candidate's past behaviour useful? A They prov the candidate will act appropriately in different circumstances. B They show'the candidate can remember details of the situation. C They dem nstrate how the candidate might act in the future.

2/ Why is asking can idates to imagine their reactions to a situation unhelpful? A B C Candidatesimay have no experience of this situation. Candidatesimay act differently in the real-life situation. Candidates ,may never meet such a situation. icle,

3/ According to the

A candidates hould ask questions at the end of the interview.

B C interviewe interviews

should ask all the candidates the same question. hould all last for roughly the same length of time.

4/ What does Jan Go ley say about the managers in 'her company? A They must 'pend some time with customers in the store. B C They must' now the first names of all their staff. They must pend most of their time in their offices.

5/ Management appli ants at Aspley Supermarkets are A asked a nu ber of questions about their personal qualities. B C assessed on their ability to work within a group. asked to sa what leadership skills the job will require. bdley, how do candidates often behave at interviews? lack of confidence at first.

6/ According to Jan A They show

B They are sk lied at hiding their nervousness. C They sudde ly lose confidence when asked difficult questions.

***** PASSAGE 10
W MEN RUNNING THEIR OWN BUSINESS
According to recent r search, a third of new companies set up in Britain are run by women. Typical examples are Lisa Simons, who started up her own highly successful clothing shops in London with a loa of 15,000 from her bank, and Kate Rogers, who set up Cellar Cafes five years ago and sol out to a major restaurant chain this month, at a profit of 3 million.

50 I<

There are many other examples. Surprise, a mail order company selli g unusual gifts, had a turnover of 4 million last year. The company was started by Claire F ler five years ago in a garage, but later moved into premises in the centre of Coventry. imilarly, Nina Taylor

started her company, NC Books, in an old warehouse in Bristol. A law er by training, she had no previous experience of the retail trade but believes that this wo ed to her advantage. 'Having no knowledge of the book trade,' she says, 'allowed me to br g fresh ideas into the business. ' Young women are also running successful businesses, like Maria Craig, both still in their early twenties. Together they set up Denlow ellows and Christine ecruitment Agency in

an office in Liverpool less than two years ago; the firm now has six 0 lees and a staff of 38. Another young woman, American-born Amy Bailey, could not find an good coffee shops in England so she set up Coffee Choice. Company in ,1994. Two years ago a large American group bought the company, although Amy continues to playa leading There are many reasons why women want to run their own busine in the business.

. One

is that they are

increasingly confident that they are capable of doing this. Another i that many no longer want to work for companies which fail to offer satisfying careers.' men's businesses are

often more successful than those run by men,' says Denise Johnson, 0 the National Business Bank, 'because women are good at looking ahead and seeing what wil be best for a business

- they

find it very satisfying.'

II One-third of new British businesses A. consist of chain companies. B. are owned or managed by women. C. operate within the food sector. 21 What does the second paragraph tell us about the company called Su rise? A. The company delivers its products by post. B. The company has made a profit every year. C. The company operates from a garage. 31 What did Nina Taylor think helped her when she started her busines ? A. having a good knowledge of the law B. being the owner of a warehouse C. knowing nothing about the book trade 41 What shows that Denlow Recruitment Agency has been a success? A. It has been in business for more than two years. B. It has recruited 25 new employees. C. It has opened several new offices. 51 Coffee Choice Company was established A. to fill a gap in the market. 51 R

, ,
B. despite st

I
ng competition. C. with finan e from the US. 61According to th ~ !final paragraph women want to run their own business because they A. enjoy lear~ing new skills. B. like maki.]g plans for the future. C. prefer wo~ing for small companies.
Ii ,

.......

PASSAGE II
i

Contrary to the frtntic pace of today's economic environment, the origin of banking and capital markets inl the United States was not an overnight phenomenon. The form of

organization calle4 a corporation developed very slowly in the states. Early joint-stock 5 companies, in whIch each member was responsible for the obligations of the mutual enterprise, were 9rincipallY nonprofit corporations for religious worship, philanthropy, .education, or land 10mpanies. Commercial corporations didn't make their appearance until the early to mid-1700sj with a Connecticut trading corporation, a Massachusetts wharf company, a number of fire linsurance and water supply companies, and the United Company of
!

10

Philadelphia, whic~ was organized to promote industry. By the late 1700s, particularly the period from 1783110 1789, the corporate- structure expanded when numerous corporations were organized for Ibuilding roads, canals, and bridges and for banking. America's first pri~ate commercial bank, the Bank of North America, was chartered by Congress on Decetber 31, 1781. The Bank of New York and the Bank of Massachusetts

15

followed in 1784, ~ut all these banks were local and limited. In December 1791, national banking originated iwith the first national bank, which opened its main office in Philadelphia. In 1816, the secot national bank was chartered for twenty years. Meanwhile state banks

began to proliferat9' throughout the country.

20

The late 1800s sat an emergence of investment banking houses that promoted mergers in railroads, utilities, ,nd factories and provided the capital for expansion. Commercial banking also flourished, b~t after a high rate of bank failures, the Federal Reserve System was established in 19131to correct deficiencies in existing banking legislation on the national and , state levels. The Fe~eral Reserve Act set the foundation for modem banking. , II Where in the pasfage does the author define joint-stock companies? A Lines 3-7

B Lines 7-101 CLines 13-lf

D Lines 20-2

21 Which of the fol~owing is NOT true about the origin of banking in the United States?

A The first private commercial bank was chartered by Congress B The early banks were limited in scope. C Banking developed rapidly in the United States. D The first national bank was located in Philadelphia.

iT 1781. ,I , :1 ,:

31According to the passage, when did commercial corporations appear I n the United States? A After 1800 B Before the 1600s C Around 1750 Din 1791 41 What does the passage mainly discuss? A How mergers provided the capital for expansion of railroads, u~'lities,and factories I B The establishment of the Federal Reserve System
,
. I

C How commercial corporations developed from nonprofit comp nies D The origin and development of banks and corporations 51The words "all these banks" in line 15 refer to A private commercial banks B national banks C investment banking houses D nonprofit corporations 61 Where in the passage does the author's focus move from corporations! to banks? A Lines 8 B Line 13 CLine 17 D~n

71 Which of the following could be used to replace the word "phenomenl>n" in line 2? A Factor
'I

B Occurrence C Development (I Examination 81In line 20, the word "capital" is closest in meaning to A building materials B large city C financial resources D corporate structure

****.

PASSAGE

12
is doing its best to keep the growth of the oil industry under exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long

The Norwegian Goternment control. A new la1limits

coastline; productiorylimits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and

oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign
I

workers. But the oil Industry has a way of getting over such problems, and few people believe that the Governmenj will be able to hold things back for long. As one Norwegian politician said last week: 'We -till soon be changed beyond all recognition'. Ever since the war, (he Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the IArctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success: Tr<jmso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large , hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few yea~s the whole northern policy could be in ruins. The effects of the detelopment of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly IOO-per-Fent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries an1 the tourist industry will lose most of their workers to the oil industry. , Some smaller industpes might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy I goods from abroad. I The real argument o~r oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up the rajOrity of the population but they are an important part of it because Norwegians see in t~em many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it isl'the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because ofthe damagr that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea. I! The Norwegian G+ernment A B C o would prefer the oil industry to

slow down jts rate of development. provide moje jobs for Norwegians. look for 011bn the southern coast. develop mofe quickly than at present. Government's policy been for the area north of the Arctic Circle
.

II

2/ What has the Nor~gian

since the war? i
I,

A B

To prevent IIgrowth in population. To improve Ifacilities in the area. ~ To discoura~e industrial development.

C To develop large tourist industry.

o

3/ What might be the ,rfect of the oil industry on northern Norway? A The develop!"ent of industry.

B C

A growth in population~ The failure of the development programme.

,

D The development of new towns. A a large reduction in unemployment.

B an increase in unemployment in the north.

4/ln Norway, one effect of the development of the oil industry might If
:

I
'I
!I

C a reduction in the number of existing industries.

D

the development of a number of service industries.

The economy depends on agriculture and fishing. They form the majority of the population. They are thought of as the real Norwegians. They are responsible for preventing pollution.

5/ Why are Norwegian farmers and fishermen important? A B C D

.***..

PASSAGE

13

The' Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. lIt stretches southward I across the largest and northernmost state in the United States, endi g at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massiv
,

in size and extremely .

complicated to operate.

The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of frozen ground. 11weaves through

delic te tundra that tops the ountains, plunges over

crooked canyons, climbs sheer

rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or ,nder hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrel' (or 84 million gallons) I of crude oil can be pumped through it daily. 10 Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," long sections of the ipeline follow a zigzag I. course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of ght beneath spongy or I rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the , ipeline's up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or 15
'

' frozen ground). A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated rbove the ground. The
,

~ rmafrost
I

(permanently

remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely t/pon the type of terrain
.

and the properties of the soil.

One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 illion and is by far the . biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by rivate industry. In fact,

f
I

20

no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company controlled ~il rights to particular I
'

5'5 R

shares of land in the !~il tields and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the , size of its holdings! Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdo,,",ns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of

mismanagement, and ~ven theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating. II The passage primalily discusses the pipeline's , A. operating cosls B. employees C. consumers . D. construction 2/ The word "it" in liIje 3 refers to
Ii

A. pipeline B. ocean C. state

D. village 3/ According to the p~sage, 84 million gallons of oil can travel through the pipeline each A. day B. week C. month D. year 4/ The phrase "Restin$ on" in line I0 is closest in meaning to A. Consisting of B. Supported by C. Passing under' D. Protected with' 5/ The author mentionf all of the following as important in determining the pipeline's route EXCEPT the A. climate B. lay of the landliitself C. local vegetatit D. kind of soil anf rock 6/ The word "undertaktn" in line 19 is closest in meaning to A. removed B. selected C. transported Ii il

D. attempted Ii 7/ How many companits shared the costs of constructing the pipeline? A. 3 B. 4 C. 8 D. 12

8/ The word "particula~" in line 21 is closest in meaning to

56 R

A. peculiar B. sped fie C. exceptional

I 9/ Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium would pay? A. How much oil field land each company owned B. How long each company had owned land in the oil fields C. How many people worked for each company D. How many oil wells were located on the company's land 10/ Where in the passage does the author provide a teno for an earth c<ivering that always remains frozen? A. Lines 3-4 B. Line 10-11 C. Line 14-15 D. Line 23-24 D. equal

......

11What does the pas$age mainly discuss? A Routine use~ of computers B Computer gr~phics applications C The rapidly growing field of computer science D Computers $ the architects of the future 2/ The word "it" in li~e 3 refers to A computer gr~phics B computer sci~nce C fields D computers 3/ The paragraph foll~wing this passage would most likely be about A computer a,Jimation B flight trainint C cost models !, D applications bf CAD in medicine 4/ According to the plissage, architects use CAD to A inspect buildIngs B create graph~ C make cartogrllphic materials D create three-Jimensional models 5/ Where in the pasJage does the author discuss the greatest advantage of computer-aided design? A Lines 1-4 B Lines 6-8 Clines
DLines

14-16
17-19'

!
!,

6/ According to the p.ssage, engineers use CAD for A a simulated "\valk" through model rooms ! B rendering ma~hine parts ! C making cost models
!,

D advertising

! 7/ The word "applications" in line 18 means Ajobs Buses C creativity D layers

,
:1

8/ Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a use of computer graphics in business? ,

A Charts B Cost models C Graphs D Hiring

**.*.

PASSAGE

15

Every organisation has its share of employees-from-hell: the lazy, dtluded, hypochondriac underperformers. They are difficult to manage and miserable to work ",ith. Their productivity is low and their ability to poison staff morale high. They are, alas, always well-entrenched and management-resistant. Interestingly, their numbers in any organisttion have more to do

with management's refusal to deal with the situation than with poor $lection. That is, their
existence in the organisation is nearly always due

to a

long line of weolk managers

who have

declined to tackle the Problem. ' ! Traditionally, there are three classic ineffective ways of dealing with! the incompetent The first is to ignore the problem, hoping that it will go away. Rather thar confront laziness or serious absenteeism, the manager gives the employee less work to do. ~his inevitably leads to frustration on the part of the good hardworking staff who see the pro~lem employee getting away with it. The second approach, which has traditionally been the in~st favoured, is to pass them on. There is usually a part of any business where people believe the poo~ performer can do no damage. Alternatively, poor performers can be moved to another bran~h in the dreariest part of town, or to another town, or even to another country. A clever varifmt of this tactic is to herd all the incompetent employees into one part of the company th~t is then sold off or privatised. II There is a third approach which is to promote the incompetent. Thf sounds bizarre and exceedingly stupid but is not infrequently adopted. The idea is that, altf10ugh these posts are
" quite senior and well-paid, the actual jobs are fairly pointless ones ib which incompetent I people can hide without doing any serious damage. The employee is th*s confirmed in his or

her delusions of competence. All three of these strategies are the result cf not dealing with the problem early on. Many managers find dealing with incompelenc~ very difficult. The scenario that all managers hate is as follows: show a subordinate . low mark on their appraisal form. The employee first wants the behaviour defined; then ~ants an example of when this behaviour occurred; then argues about how this incident occ>lrred and how typical it was. The net result is a row about the past and frustration on the part of both. A different and more successful method is the problem-solving approactil This insists that one
II

S9 R

still shows the low score but, rather than attempting to explain it, one describes what needs to be done differently II>achieve a higher score. The emphasis is on the future not the past; on a clear description ofllbe desirable behaviour, not the incompetent behaviour. The touchy or sensitive employee rjormally responds to this reasonably well. Nevertheless, there .re those who cannot, or will not, respond to good management. They may be unable to d~ the job due to not having the ability to learn ever-changing tasks fast enough. They may be distra<jted by problems at home or more likely they have been managed very poorly in the past. T~ere is really only a very limited number of things that can be done with the really incompete.t. Buy them out, which may be the best solution for all concerned; raise the game by making, sure they are given ever higher but reachable targets. A final strategy is to insist that they hawe an annual psychological test where a disinterested outside consultant does a motivation ",alysis and has the power to recommend that they be let go

not

encouraged to go to 'another part of the organisation, but into the bracing waters of the job market. II What criticism do<lsthe writer make of managers in the first paragraph? A They lose inrrest in the issue of incompetent employees. B They fail to ~e a finn line with inefficient employees.

e They have lille idea of what is really required of their staff.

" D They often make bad decisions when choosing new staff. II 2/ What is the effect <Ifthe first of the methods suggested for dealing with incompetent stam ,

A It has only a $hort-tenn effect on the problem. B It means that:better workers will not have to work so hard. I e It makes gooa workers aware that problems are being dealt with. D It sends a ne1ative message to those who do their job well. 3/ln both the secondl and third ineffective methods of dealing with incompetent employees, !: the managers' aim is A have all ofthf incompetent staff working in the same part of the company. B improve the "titude of the incompetent staff to work by giving them promotion. e put the inco""etent staff in a situation where they can do as little hann as possible.

D make the woril< unattractive that the incompetent staff want to leave. so 4/ The writer says in the fifth paragraph that employees who are given a low mark on their appraisal form will II A demand a detti led explanation of what they have done wrong. B claim that speFial circumstances have had an effect on their work. e deny that theil work has been in any way unsatisfactory. D argue that they t~nd the work they have had to do frustrating.

GaR

5/ In the sixth paragraph the writer says that when talking to an inl:ompetent employee a manager should A make no reference to the most recent appraisal mark. B compare the work of the employee with that of more efficient jorkers.

C make clear what will happen if performance does not approve.

D explain to the employee how he or she can gain a better apprai~aI mark. 6/ What does the writer suggest as a way to deal with incompetent ~mployees who fail to respond even to a problem-solving approach? A Set them targets which it would be impossible to attain. B Give them a test designed to identify their strengths. C Pay them a sum of money to leave the company. D Get an outside consultant to find them another job.

.......

PASSAGE 16

I ,

KEYS TO UNLOCK PATH OF CAREER FUiJFILLMENT

It used to be called vocational guidance. Then it became careers adviceiland counselling. Since the late 1920s there have been various tests to help guide bewilder~ .. and guileless school leavers into job categories suited to their interests and ahilities. Hen extroverts have been advised, wisely, to go into sales and marketing, where they thrive on he variability, peoplecontact and air of optimism. Introverts, on the other hand, find the

~. iet

work of accounts,

stores and engineering, where they can work alone in a less peo Ie-orientated, frenetic atmosphere, more to their taste.

t
.

But good careers advisors need to look at other factors when giVinJ advice. For example, careers counselling is flawed if it fails to allow for the possihility of Jeople adapting to, and changing, their jobs once they are in them. Most organisations at empt through various explicit (induction, mentoring, training, appraisal) and implicit (re iance on observation) techniques to mould behaviour into an acceptable pattern. This means hat attitudes and even aptitudes of employees maybe changed over the first year of employm~nt, sometimes, but not always, in the direction desired by the organisation. Thus what was la 'fit' may easily and
quickly develop into a 'misfit' and vice versa.
.

!
I
,

Individuals also change their jobs without leaving them. They rearranfe furniture, use space and technology differently and personalise different aspects of the j~b. They can negotiate with colleagues, earn special privileges and use other means to improvj, their role and output. I In this sense, very soon they are doing the job differently from t~eir predecessors, and possibly from the way recommended by the company. However, both/adaptation of personal

work-style and a*mpts to change the way of doing the job are more likely to lead to a higher level of'fit', bec3lJse the changes are usually all attempts to increase 'fit'. Organisational restructuring, the development of new

And jobs themOlelves change.

technology, chan!!es in the market, and so on, all mean that jobs evolve fairly fast. Because of the speed oftechn!,logical development, all jobs are in a state of flux. Job analysis is therefore becoming less relevant to careers advice. Counsellors' analysis has to focus instead on
.

personal potential 'rather than current knowledge or skill. And the features of such analysis are

potential speed anb thoroughness in the acquisitionof new knowledge and skills.
The areas that a/-e probably most predictive of these are intelligence and personality. Intelligence is prdbably the best predictor of speed of learning. Often, intelligent people are curious and self-cDnfident and hence happy to tackle new tasks. Intelligent people are belter and quicker at analysing both logical and deductive and creative problems. Probably the most important personality dimensions are conscientiousness and neuroticism. Conscientious people soon get a tood reputation which serves them in good stead. Coupled with ability, this I trait is a sure-fir~ career winner. On the other hand, neuroticism is a deep and abiding handicap. It is nol easy to 'cure' and can have a lasting effect on a career. Neurotics are I unhappy and tend to be dissatisfied, stressed and complaining in all jobs they have. The consistency of thdir behaviour leads them to develop a poor reputation in the workplace which of course can be self-fulfilling. Success in the jobin 2020 can be assessed now. We have little idea what the world of work will be like, but a<lvisors can do a reasonable job in assessing the potential of the individual within it because I they know the predictors of success. And it is these predictors that counsellors need td attend to if they are to give the best advice. II What does the Writer say about careers advice in the first paragraph? A. Those recbving it have sometimes disagreed with it. B. It has favJured certain types of people over others. C. Some of the standard advice given has been appropriate. D. It has acq~ired a more appropriate title than it used to have. 21 What does the writer say about organisations in the second paragraph? A. They can lurn suitable employees into unsuitable ones.

" B. Many of them have a low opinion of careers advisors.

C. They are ihsensitive to the effect their methods have on employees. i D. Many are unclear about what to expect from employees. 31The writer says that when individuals make changes to their jobs, A. they may not be aware that they are doing this. I B. they genemlly have the best of intentions. C. they are olten afraid of the consequences.

"2. R..

D. they frequently pretend they are not doing this. 41The writer's main point in the fourth paragraph is that . I A. people have become less sure about which career would suit 'em. B. people no longer want to stay in the same job for a long time. j, C. the speed of change in the world of work has causedconfusioll. D. careers advice can no longer focus on the nature of specific jobs. I 51The writer contrasts conscientious people with neurotic people with fegard to II . A. the kind of advice they can be given. B. their chances of finding employment. C. the impression they give to colleagues. D. their willingness to take advice from others.
. I 61 What is the writer's general view on careers advice in the final paragtaph?

A. Predicting future developments in the job market his become Its key ingredient. I B. Whether it is useful or not has become harder to assess. C. Assessing what people are capable of in the future should be illsfocus. D. It has become much less relevant 10today's world of work.

I
I

. ........

PASSAGE 17
PRODUCTUFE CYCLES AND SALES STRAp:EGY is that of the product One of the most important concepts in sales management and marketi*

life cycle. This is a historical record of the life of a product, showing fIte stage in its life the
product has reached at a particular time. By identifying the stage that

r product

is in or may

be heading towards, companies can formulate better marketing plaps. All products have 'lives' in as much as they are created, sell with varying profitability ov1r a period of time, and then become obsolete and are replaced or simply no longer prodfed. A product's sales

position and profitability can be expected to fluctuate over time and ro, at each successive stage in the product's cycle, it is necessary to adopt different tactics.
!

The two main features of the product life cycle are unit sales and uni~ profit. The unit sales figures usually jump on introduction, as a response to heavy adverti'fng and promotion, as customers buy the product experimentally. This is generally followed ~y a levelling off while
it is evaluated

the length of this period depending

on the use to whjch the product

"

is put.

Then, unit sales rise steadily through the growth phase to the matFity phase, when the product is widely accepted, and so on to saturation level. By this time, competitors will have I entered the market with their own version and, from this point, the s~es tearn will have to ,. work even harder to win all additional sales. Eventually, the product'", sales decline as better
.

versions enter the market and competition becomes too strong.

63 R

In retrospect, mo$t firms know what happened to their products from launch to withdrawal. They can compile: this information from the records of unit sales. Unfortunately, u~it sales are not the complete story as it is unit profit that is the decisive factor, although t~is is not always recorded accurately. It is this figure that sales management has to monitor, t~ough, to ensure an effective marketing strategy and to produce effective profits., At launch, the pr<1ductis costed accurately on the basis of production costs plus selling costs. Initially these remain fairly stable, but, when the product is proving successful, competitors will bring out the.. own 'copy-cat' products. With a competitor in the field, the original firm has to respond in lorder to maintain its market position. It can run special sales promotions, improve deliverie~, make more frequent sales calls and so on. Often the extra expenditure is not accurately chprged to the product and the result is that, long before unit sales are noticeably falling,jthe unit profit has already fallen. The product life cVele, then, presents a picture of what happened in the product's 'lifetime', so how can this I/e used as an ongoing aid to management decision-making? Every sales

manager has a chatt on which the progress of sales is plotted and this can be used as a guide to the stage of development each product is currently in. An essential management skill is being able to interWretsales results and draw in the stages as they occur. Deciding where each stage begins and e~ds can be a random exercise, though usually the stages are based on where the rate of sales grqwth or decline becomes pronounced. II According to the text, the end of a product's life cycle is marked by A a sharp rist in production costs. B the producl becoming outdated. C an increas~ in customer complaints. D less sUPpolI from sales management.

21 What does the writer say about sales management in the first paragraph? A Companie~ should spend more time on their sales planning. B There are ~any managers who need to improve their sales performance. C Most sales ,.,anagers fail to recognise which stage a product has reached. D The sales approach should change with each phase of the product life cycle. 31 According to the Itext, a greater sales effort is required for a product when A it is particujarly innovative. B the adverti~ng budget has been cut. C rival comp~nies start to produce something similar. D consumer i~terest switches to a new product category. 41 According to the !ext, a good marketing strategy must primarily be concerned with A sales statistics.

B product details. C consumer data. o profit information. 5/ According to the text, profit levels may fail to correspond to the vol<fne of sales because I. A the full selling costs have not been taken into account. B the production costs were not estimated correctly. C there are unforeseen problems with distribution. o there has been a lack of economic stability. 6/ What does the writer say about the charts that show sales progress? , A It is a matter of judgement where one sales phase finishes and jrnother begins. B Managers should review policy when a sharp fall in sales is in1icated. C It is difficult to see how sales charts can provide sufficient gui4ance to managers. o Managers should get confirmation of the data they plot on the ~ales charts.

(;5 R

READING CLOZE

43

READING

CLOZE

Fill each of the num ered blanks in the following passage. Use only ONE word in each space.

Passage 1
MyHelp.com MyHelp.com (I) a company which provides help when its (3) but little time, so they need (2) need it. The (4) with (6) tickets,

customers have a I t of (5) of da Iy activities and so on. The company also a like sword-swallowin

- finding babysitters,

arranging holidays,

ges special birthday . Most of its customers are aged

(7) or finds teachers for unusual activities, (8) 28 and 40. They pay 1,000 (9) a problem. I have six people

per year for the servi e. They phone up and say, 'I coming for dinner. C you organize it?' you give me a

(IO)?' or 'I need new windows in my house. Can

*****

Passage 2
CHEF IN SURFERS PARADISE Carl Owen runs a res urant in Surfers Paradise in Queensland, Australia. He doesn't have much time (I) y busy period is January to March - it's summer in Australia, and we get a two weeks in May, because it's a quiet my family. All my staff take their anoualleave

lot of customers. I cI se the restaurant (2) (3) ,and tea holiday (4)

in Thailand and Japan, to (6) new ideas from the restaurants there. There are a lot of sports events in our region, which are good for (7) 300.' Public holidays, like big barbecue (10) on (9) hristmas and New Year, are also (8) Day, and for New Year's for Carl. 'We organize a Eve we offer a candle-lit . In uly we have the Gold Coast Marathon, then in October we have the Indy

then. In August I usua Iy (5)

with. fireworks at midnight.'

*****

Passage 3
FREE TIME? MY JOB IS MY FREE TIME!
Do you love your job? Really LOVE your job? I don't mean like your job - many of us like our jobs, but do you have job that is (I) your hobby? Ajob you spend all your free time

44

doing? Mary Lin does. She (2) (3)

video games all day,' every day. 'I don't have at restaurants every night,

to go to the cinema or go out. I eat (4)

but that's because I don't like cooking. I play video games because i 's an important part of my (5) play a lot (7) , but also because I enjoy it. I play an hour a (6) when I get home.' Mary (8) for finding game at work and then I for a company that and developing them into d play games - that's my

produces video games and she's (9) products. 'I travel (10)
free time! '

the world about three times a year

*****

Passage 4
A 21ST CENTURY ICON? The Sony Walkman was (I) of the most famous products 0 the last century. The small to hear your favou ite songs. By the end of the .n, in the car, or on your to the newest music on the and into the

box was cheap and it was the easiest (2) century it was nonnal to (3)

bicycle. But as technology moved faster at the end of the 20th (4) 21st century, (5) was a more modern way to listen to

Like the Walkman, the iPod is popular because it's simple to use. 10,000 songs (7) the Internet and it's also smaller th

over a Walkman. So is the iPod Apple may have stronger

the next icon of the 21st century? Perhaps. But competition than the Sony Walkman (8) (9) Sony, of course! similar products and do you (10)

. Other

companies are now

wh one of those companies is?

*****

Passage 5
MY FAVOURlTE WORKPLACE Three people describe their places of work. Rachel This is my favourite place to (I)

. There

are five peopl

in my office and it's often for

noisy, so I take my laptop and sit here with a coffee and a san wich. I'm (2) payments, so I need quiet. I don't deal with phone calls here, and 1 alw ys finish all my work. Malcolm I have plants (4) and paintings (3) my wall. Theyelp me to think.

I'm in

of the company and I have (5)

of responsibilities, so 1 need

45

time (6) place. Kuba

meetings and appointments. It's important that my workplace is a nice

My office is OK, b t I only solve problems (7) interesting (8) (9) (10) conver ations
,

I walk around. You can have really floor and the third floor. You talk

between

the

ground

: the man in charge of Production and the woman in Sales. We never in the conference room, so I often walk up and down new ideas!

it's great

*****

Passage 6
SO YOU WANT TO BE AN ENTREPRENEUR Do you have (I) you it takes to be an entrepreneur? There are many stories to inspire people who stuck at it and succeeded. Two such people Frank

and Dan Carney. In t e USA in the 1950s fast food was quickly becoming the fast-growth industry

and Frank and Dan

their mother the tw

'

a slice of it. With venture

brothers

of only $600 trom

some second-hand pizza equipment opened the first Pizz Hut in Wichita, Kansas in 1958. Forty years Hut brand is recogni d in over 88
,

, the Pizza

and has 11,000 restaurants with Pizza Hut stores day outside the U.S.A. Information taken from www.pizzahut.com

opening at a rate of n arly two

*****

Passage 7
THE NOKIA WAY Nokia's success so f; r (I) committed to (2) speed and flexibility n (3) been very much a team effort. The company remains core values. Key to maintaining a sharp, competitive edge are making, so Nokia makes (4) that to the frontline as possible and implemented by

decisions are made as (5) those (6) Nokia believes (7) and openness as (8) Nokia way is based (9) (10)

who are most knowledgeable. a flat, non-hierarchical working style facilitating discussion as encouraging entrepreneurism and risk-taking. The

honesty and integrity and a willingness

to work

in a creative and innovative way in order to pursue high-quality results.

Adaptedfrom www.nokia.com

46

*****

Passage 8
MILLIONAIRE WHO JUST LOVES CA

John Pajackowski is a tall, thin, fit 54-year-old who is worth an es imated 145 million thanks (1) Back in (2) hard work but (3) (4) for (8) his Car Trader magazines. 1960s, John was working in America, selli g British sports cars. It was he was there, he saw a magazi e with pictures of cars for regional and anyone (5) advertise their car in it ohn most was that (7)

. The magazinewas
a relatively small (6)

What

impressed

single advertisement had a picture of the car, unlik just provided a written description.

normal newspaper adverts;

Returning to Britain, John put all of his savings into producing a.

gazine like the one he (9)

seen in the States. He started in the London regi n but was soon producing (10) well. magazines for twelve more regions and, by 1990, for three other countries as

*****

Passage 9
STARTING A BUSINESS Nearly 450,000 businesses are started in Britain every year. One thir trading during the first three years. Starting a business is never easy (2) are thinking about working for yourself, you must qualities you need to (4) it is better to find out now (5) Ask yourself (6) you good (8) business you want so many things ar outside your control. If you start (3) thinking about the elf. If you have a weakness, usiness could be in danger. Ith(7) ? Are (I) these stops

a business. Be hard with yo than later when your you are a good organiser. Is your h

making decisions? Do you have any practical experience of the to start? Are you prepared to work ong hours for very (9)

money? If you can't (10)

yes to mos of these questions, perhaps

you should think again about starting up in business on your own.

*****

Passage

10

47

of the world's favourite carriers, and regularly wins awards from magazines su h as Conde Nast Traveller for the quality of its service. (2) who fly SIA praise its com titive prices and the fact that it's (3) reliable they say that flights nearly always leav and arrive (4) The airline was (5 time. in 1947 and was called Malayan Airways, which changed of the business carne

, Singapore Airlines is (I)

later to Malaysia-Si gapore Airlines (MSA). In the early days, (6) from short-haul flig ts (7) up and Singapore A rlines was formed.

Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, and Penang. In 1972, MSA split

Since those early d ys the airline has expanded. The company has been able to (8) profit while keepin (9)

a fares at a reasonable level. It shows other signs of being well managed,

morale is high and staff turnover is low. Over the next few years it expects to

make savings from ts on-line reservation system which will allow bookings to be made over the (10) Takenfrom wwwsingapore.com.

*****

Passage 11
TEAM-BUILDING THROUGH ACTIVITIES

Nowadays, company bosses are increasingly trying to find unusual team-building events as part of their training progra me. An activity park (I) (2) events. It specialises (3) Fast-track has just opened to offer events to attract the corporate

entertainment market (4)

is growing all the time. The park is situated j st a few kilometres outside the city centre (5) events that (6) Clients can try outd
entertain as well as train.

it provides

r attractions such as sailing or climbing, (7) the weather. Activities of (9) uilding exercises.

availability

clearly depends enti Iy (8) kind are perfect team 'I'd (10)

been to an activity park before,' explained James Black, a company enjoy ourselves so much and I to my

manager. 'Before we arne, I didn't think we (II)

didn't expect the hug difference that Fast-track's programme has (12) team. Now we work b tter together than we did before.'

.
Passage

*****

12

Some say you can do i in seven days, others promise success in 24 hours, or you may prefer to take (I) time and do it in 5 weeks. What are we talking about? Believe it (2)

48

not, these periods (3)

.

time refer to language it takes to

learning courses that promise excellent results in less time (4) say 'Bonjour'! However, the advertisements of these companies are not necessarily (5 best guide and if you don't know what to look (6)
.

in a good course you

could be left with little (7) A complaint was recently made (8)

than a large bill. SpeedLeam ystems and the company

has been forced to remove its claim that its technique method. The Managing Director

is ten tin es better than any (9) of SpeedL

Systems said (10)

we stilt believe our claim is true, we are wilting 0 change our advert. But " 3 hours (12) day for 5 the fact remains, if you (1 I) weeks on our language course you wilt soon be speaking the I ~guage. What we (13) clearer in the advert.

have done was to make (14) Then we wouldn't (15) had these annoying compl ints.

*****

Passage 13
In 1846 an Irish immigrant in New York named Alexander Stewart op "ed a business called the Marble Dry-Goods Palace. By doing so, he gave the world somethi g completely new department store. Before this, no-one (I) range of goods (2) a single

the

tried to ring together such a wide roof. The business did very (3) staff of two
. In 1862 he moved to

. It expanded
an eight-storey building nearby, (6) Palace. It was, (7) world.

rapidly and soon had (4)

thousand. For Stewart even that was not enough, (5)

he renamee A.T. Stewart's Cast Iron

for many years would remai ,the largest shop in the

his in
.

Others followed Stewart's example and soon there were stores (8) many major cities in the United States. We don't (9) calling them department stores. The expression wasn't used in print (I ) 1893, when it appeared in Harper's Magazine, but the way tha

when people started

it is used there (II)

it clear that it was already widely understood. (12) is certain is that department stores complet Iy changed the shopping

experience for millions of people. They offered not only an enorm us range of goods, (13) also levels of comfort, luxury and excitemen customers. Almost from the start they had restaurants, previously unknown to and many (14)

te 'Iets

49

facilities, so (15) anything.

was no need to go elsewhere for

*****

Passage 14
GUIDELINES FOR GIVING PRESENTATIONS
Most presentations t day depend on the (1) computer linked to a projector. of some sort of technology, such as a laptop can help to (2)

While this technology

presentations better, it also has a habit of getting in the way. As a general rule, it is better to (3) on th content of a presentation as a means of gaining your audience's attention, sophisticated equipment. that when an organisation invites bids for a (6) from different companies on the (8) , they may day.

rather than relying (4 Bear In (5) schedule four or fiv (7)

Each of these compa ies will probably be using the same computer graphics packages and the same equipment. The chan es are the presentations will be similar too. That's why the conte t and structure of what you say are (9) want to say and how 0 say it as clearly as (10) the main (11)

. Think about what you

. As a first step, you need to identify

vou want to get across. Audiences are easily bored and tend to unusual ideas. your presentation carefully. to you, nor do you want

remember only the m st entertaining, exciting (12) Next create your m terials, choosing the images (13) Remember you do no want to stop your audience from (14) to confuse them.

Finally, make all the ecessary arrangements for the equipment you need. If technology is to be an important element of our presentation, make (15) and test it out beforeh nd. you know how to use it properly

*****

Passage 15
NICOLAS-FRANCOIS APPERT (1749-1841)

Tinned food and dri k is big business: every day more than 175,000 million tins are sold throughout the world. rhe process by (I) tins was invented in 1 10 by a Frenchman (2) His father ran a small hotel, (3) vegetables (4) fascinated by the idea of (5) food products can be preserved in ~cholas-Francois Appert.

. Appert learned about preserving fruit and a boy. He then became a cook and sweet-maker and grew able to preserve food for (6)

than is naturally possible. He experimented with various foods and finally

50

(7)

in preserving vegetables,

fruit juices an

jams. What he did (8)

to put the food in glass containers which were th n boiled for a long time. In 1810 the French government offered a prize to (9) (10) preserving high-quality food. The who invented a means food was needed (I I)

feed Napoleon's rapidly expanding army and n vy. Appert won the prize and with the money he received he set (12) factory. At (13) a c mmercial food-preserving d bottles but in 1822 he widely praised and his of the world.

Appert used only glass jars changed to metal containers. His achievements (J 4) method Was soon in use throughout France and the (J 5)

.51

CO TROLLED WRITING

52

CONTROLLED
Make all the cha suggested words an es and additions

WRITING
to produce, froHl the the following

necessary

phrases, sentences which together make a complete passage. Note needs to be made. Write each

carefully from the example what kind of alterations sentence in the spac provided. Example: Answer: my My

nt I born I England I nowl shellive I Perth I Australia I nt was born in England, but now she lives in Perth, Australia.

TEST 1

Maria's Beauty Boutiques

1. Maria Wilsonlbel~ mouslManaging Directorl Beauty Boutique International pic. ........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................ 2. it/belone of Ileadin beauty product chains. ........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................ 3.Shelbel daughterlS nish immigrants.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

4.She/bornland/educa

ritain.

......................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................ 5.She/openl first Beau y Boutique/1976. ........................................................................................................................................................

53

.........................................................................................................................................................

6.It/be/popular /that /she/ open/ five more/shop/3 years.

.........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

7. since then! business/develop/an amazing rate.

........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................

8.chain of Beauty Boutiques/now expand/all over the world.

........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................

TEST 2
1/ Sir Peter Parker/ bel well known! top manager.
,...............................................................................................................................

...............................................

21 he/ study/ history/ Oxford University/ 1947/1950.

.............................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................

3/ he/work/as! manager/a nuinber/ company/ during/1950s/1960s.

................................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................................

4/ he / become/well known!publicl Chairman! British Rail.

54

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

51 he! join! British R ill 19761 leave! 1983. ..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

61 19781 he! award!

ighthood!the Queen.

....................................................................................-.............................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

71he! appoint! Chai

an! Mitsubishi Electric (UK)I 1984.

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

81 he! be! first non-J

anese! become! Chainnan!Japanese company.

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

91 1991/ the Japanes Government! awardl he! the Order of the Sacred Treasure.
..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

101he! write I autobi graphyl For Starters I 1989.

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

*****

ss

TEST 3
1/ Unilever I British-Dutch company I head offices I Rotterdam and Lo don.

.................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................

21 It now I own I many well-known consumer brands, I include I Kno ,Lipton's tea, Omo, Dove I Lux.

............................................... ..................................................................................................................................................................

31 Knorr I their biggest food brand I a strong presence lover 80 countri s I a product range I include I soups, sauces, bouillons, noodles I complete meals.

.................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................

41 Today it! employ 1247,000 people 157 countries I sells its products II customers.

0 countries 1150 m

.................................................................................................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................................................

51 Its worldwide turnover 120021 48,760 million euros.

.................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................

61 It I spend 12.3% I its turnover I Research and Development.

..................................................................................................................................................................

7/11 I have I two global divisions, I callI Food and Home I Personal Care.

56

..................................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................................

8/ Over 50% / its sale I come I Food Division.

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

91It I have I 10 region I business groups I meet the needs I local markets.
..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

101This I make I it I i ternational manufacturer I leading brands I foods, home care I personal care.
.................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

*******

TEST 5
1. Marks & Spencer! I most famous British shopl the world.
.....................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

2. at the moment! ther I bel 283 IM&S shopl Britain! other I country.
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

3. currently I theyl bui d/large new store! Paris.

........................................................................................................................................................

57

........................................................................................................................................................

4. there/ be! about! 50/ store/ Canada.

........................................................................................................................................................
h ........................................

5. more and more/ people / Hong Kong! Lisbon! buy/ clothes! food! M S

........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................

6. company/ employ/ 50;000/ employee/ worldwide.

...................................... ........................................................................................................................................................

7. sales! increase / 80% /the last ten years.

........................................................................................................................................................

.....................................

8. many/shop / abroad! be / franchise.

..................................... ........................................................................................................................................................

9. owners! franchises! buy/ all/stock! M&S.

........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................

10. they/ pay / company/percentage/turnover.

........................................................................................................................................................

58

........................................................................................................................................................

***** TEST 6
II Ubix computersl b I publicly traded corporation! actively tradedl on the NASDAQ.
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

21companyllaunch!

19991 with an IPQI raise $70 million.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

31 shareholders!

ow

more than 80% I the companyl while upper level management s lown Iremaining 20%.

lemployee stock opti

........................................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................................

41Ubix locatel Denv , Coloradol manufacturing plantsl Taiwan Ilndonesia.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

51total cash flowl du ing 2000 Ibe 1$365 million.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

61 while total operati g expenses! the past fiscal yearl totall $180 mil!ionl result in! pre-tax profit I $175 million.
..................................................-...................................................................

59

........................................................................................................................................................

71 Ubix Computers market share! the US domestic market! growl 2% 15% Ithe past 18 months.

........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................

81 future plans! include Idevelopment!a line !laptop computers lexport! he Chinese Market.

...................................... ......................................

91 Ubixl offerl consumers computers! make Imeet! their specific requi ments! while pricing these computers Imass market prices.

..................................... .......................................................-...............................................................................................

101This e combination! ensure! Ubix !be Imajor market player Ithe near uture.

.............................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................

TEST 7
GLOBALCALL COMMUNICA nONS II Globalcall Communications !be! global corporation

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

21 it! provide! telecommunications solutions I clients Ilarge Ismail.

60

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

31 companyl first 1 xpand 1 most major North American citiesl beforel become! major multinational player.
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

41 presentlyl compan lextendloperations linclude! voice over IPI as wel1 as! high-speed cable Internet access.
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

51 Globalcal1 Commu ications' teaml include! more than 40,000 specialists Iworldwide! more than 20 countriesl thr e continents.
........................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................-..................................................

61 next year Isee I de loyment I third generation! wireless communications network! Asian countries.
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

71 future/look I bright! Globalcal1 Communications.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

81by 20051 companyl

rvice I more than 15 million householdsl businessesl global1y.

........................................................................................................................................................

61

........................................................................................................................................................

91Globalcall Communications! become! household word.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................

101 We! look forward tot serve clients I plan I do I everything lour your communication future I be I unlimited I simple.

wer I make sure that

........................................................................................................................................................

......................................

.*...
TEST 8
Dear Mr Smith,
I. Thank you I letter I offer me I job.

........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................

2. II be I very glad I you choose I me.

........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................

3. But II be afraid I unable I accept I offer.

........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................

4. II take up I similar position I another company I Soon.

........................................................................................................................................................ 62

........................................................................................................................................................

5. As pay I condition I better there I I I turn down I offer.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

6. Thank you I time / you give I my application.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

7. II be sure / you fi

I suitable applicant I fill / vacancy.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

Yours sincerely,

Charles Brown *****

TEST 9
Dear Mr Brown. I. .I I happy I get I let er I offer I job I your company.
........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................

2. You I not tell I wh n I want me I start I work I you. ........................................................................................................................................................ , , , , ,..................................................................................................

63

3. My present employer / expect / stay / him / end / month.

........................................ ........................................................................................................................................................

4. We / think / buy / house / office.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

5. My wife / anxious / find / good school/children

/ attend.

........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................

6. She / worry / not / able / continue / study / same subjects.

........................................................................................................................................................

......................................

7. Let / hope / problems / not take / long / solve.

..................................... ....................................

8. I / look forward / start work / you.

........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................

*****

TEST 10
Dear Tom,

64

1. I write / cancel /
................................

eeting / tennis club / Wednesday 13'h.

.......................................................................................................................

................................

.......................................................................................................................

2. As you / see / this otepaper / I / be still / Madrid.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

3. 1/ arrive / Monda 4'h / expect / return / London / Thursday 7'h July.

.......................................................................................................................

,.....................................................................................................................

4. Things / not go / a cording / plan / so / I / have / stay / several more days.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

5. 1/ meet / Mr Marti ez / Tuesday S'h July / visit / factory / inspect / new products.
.........................................................................-..............................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

6. However / we / no yet / reach / agreement / prices / delivery dates.

,.......................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

7. Contract / not sign yet / must stay / until/it / be.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

65

8. Despite / difficulties / enjoy / visit / Prado Museum / eat / excellent

estaurants here.

....................................... ........................................................................................................................................................

9. I / phone / you / be / back / London.

........................................................................................................................................................

......................................

Yours,

.....
TEST 11
Dear Sir, I. 1/ write / reply / advertisement / yesterday's 'Evening Guardian '.

........................................................................................................................................................

....................................

2. In / you / say / look / secretary / good typing skills / fluent / French / E glish.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

3. 1/ just complete / two-year bilingual secretarial course / local / college.

........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................

4. At / end / course / pass / all / exams / good marks.

.........................................................................................................................................................

66

........................................................................................................................................................

5. Before I start I it I s nd I year I France Ilive I French family.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

6. While I be there II am I speak I French I fluently.

........................................................................................................................................................ ......................................................................................................................

7. II grateful I you se d I more information I job I application form.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

8. I I look I hear I you

......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

Yours faithfully,
*****

TEST 12
Dear Sir, I. I I write I complain recent skiing holiday I book I your company.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

2. From I first day I go I wrong.

67

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

3. Hotel! stay / very disappointing / be / no room service / nothing / s m / work properly.

........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................

4. What / worse / be / resort / not suitable / beginners! me.

........................................................................................................................................................

.......................................

5. On / third day / bring / complaints / attention / your representative /

y / look into them.

........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................

6. Nothing / happen / day / before / leave / I / give / special room.

...................................... ........................................................................................................................................................

7. 1/ not satisfy / hoJiday / service / receive / your representative.

~ ......................................

........................................................................................................................................................

8. I / now write / ask / full refund.

..................................... ........................................................................................................................................................

9. J / forward / receive / cheque / $850 I-you.

68

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

Yours faithfully, *****

TEST 13
Dear Mike, I. J just thought I J I rop Iline I and tell I about I summer job I I I just got I local bookshop.
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

2. They I just send I a II rules I job I and III say I some I look I bit I strict!
......................................................................................................................

f.........................

3. J I have I get ther I time I that is I 8.30 I and I they say I anyone I regularly late I willi sacked.
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

4. We I supposed I be smartly I dress I things I jeans I won't I allow.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

5. We I alii supposed them I alii time.

try hard I deal I customers I as I quickly I weill can I and I be I polite I

........................................................................................................................................................

69

........................................

6. We / also / told / ask / someone senior / if / question / can't answer.

........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................

7. It looks / if / I / go / be / very busy!

....................................... .......................................

8. 1 / be taking / orders / phone / get / ready i before / people / come / collect I and / that / shelves / always full.

....................................... ......................................

9. Still I go / pay / every week / which / glad.

...................................... ........................................................................................................................................................

10.1/ not sure iff go / enjoy /but/ not / long/l need / money.

..................................... .....................................

Hope to see you soon.

.....
TEST 14
Dear Sir, I, Reply / kind offer / position / your company / 1/ atTaid / must decline.

70

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

2. Although / conditi ns / hours of work / your company I congenial/be / change / employ me t / difficult / present time.

/ three factors / make

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

3. First / location /0

Ice / too far / centre of the city / I live.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

4. [/ have / spend / at least three hours / travel/to / from / work every day.
......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

5. Second / starting s lary / your company / lower than present salary / when / just buy / new house / and / short / oney.

........................................................................................................................................................

,..................................................................................................

6. Third / as / explain me / other day / company / strict seniority system / result in / slow pace / promotion.
........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

7. Present job / can /

ork / home / use / my computer/ so / not / have / travel to work.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

71

8. In addition / just be / promise / rise / pay.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

9. I / eligible / promotion / every six months.

........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................

Yours truly,

*****

TESTIS
Dear Mr Salt, I.

ri very interested

/ read / your article I global warming / the newspa

r.

..................................... ........................................................................................................................................................

2. 1/ afraid / I not agree / you / numher / points.

........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................

3. Firstly / you say / some scientists / not believe / theory.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

4. Who / be / these scientists? / I never I hear / then.

....................................

72

........................................................................................................................................................

5. Secondly I it I not t ue I global warming I receive I too I much I publicity.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

6. On I contrary I we I need I make / public / aware / such / danger.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

7. We / must / all put pressure / authorities / if / we / want / something / do.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

8. Lastly / you / seem suggest / do nothing I case / scientist / wrong.

........................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

9. Well /if/they/right/i

too late / by / time / we / find out.

....................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................

Yours sincerely,

Dr Pepper

73

SENTE

CE TRANSFORMATION

74

SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
Use the words give to rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the s me as the original sentence. EXAMPLE: ANS WER: I ha en't enjoyed myself so much for years. It's ears since I enjoyed myself so much.

TEST 1
II Perhaps I didn't ge a better job because I didn't study hard enough. Imight...................................................................................................................................................... 2/ "Let's check eve The man in chiefsug hing once more," said the man in chief. ested ......................................................................................................................

31 It is acknowledged that Vietnam had a complete control over SARS from a very early slage ofthe epidemic. Vietnam is ............... ................................................................................................................................ 41 I wish I had applie for that job. It is a 51Alice's strange ide Everybody ................................................................................................................................ astonished everybody. .............

TEST 2
11Henry regretted bu ing the second-hand car. Henry wished 21 Amanda finally ma aged to get a good job. Amanda finally succe ded ........................................................................................................................ 31 It isn't necessary to lOish the work today. You don't 41 Sebastian's career a a television presenter began five years ago. Sebastian has 51Whose documents a e these? Who .............................................................................................................................. ........ ..................... .............

75

TEST 3
lilt's Alice's job to look after new staff. Alice is responsible 21 The doctor should have signed my insurance form. My insurance form 31On arrival at the shop, the goods are inspected carefully. When the goods 41 George is not nearly as energetic as he used to be. George used ................................................................................................................................ .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................

51'Will I ever fmd a job?' Tim said to himself. Tim wondered .......................................................................................
.................................................

TEST 4
11To get the 40% discount, you must buy all twelve books at the sam time. You can only 21 'I'm sorry I gave you the wrong number,' said Paul to Susan. Paul apologised ....................................................................................................................................... 31 It was such bad news thai Helen burst into tears. The news 41 Ifhe doesn't work harder, he'll lose his job. Unless 51 'When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?' Martha asked. Martha asked Peter when ................................................. ............. ................................................. ::......................

TEST 5
II The flight to Moscow lasted three and a half hours. It took ................. ................................................

21 I work in a factory which has more than a thousand employees. There .. .............

76

31 The people who

re at the meeting will say nothing to the press.

Nobody who ........... ................................................................................................................................. 41Judy started worki g with us eight years ago. Judy has .........................................................................

51 I didn't write to y u because [ didn't have your address. [f[ ...........................................................................

TEST 6
1/ I advise you to bu it. [f................................................................................................................................................................ 21 "If Brian doesn't tr in harder, I won't select him for the team," said manager. The manager threate ed ............................................................................................................................ 31 Cars cause poll uti n but people still want them. Although 41 It was a waste ofti I needn't 51 Today American e writing that letter. ........................................................................................ men often earn their own money.
...........................

.......

Today American wo en are used

TEST 7
II She never seems to succeed even though she works hard. However
" '. n.. _,.. '. ..........

21 "Where is the direc or? [ must speak to him." The customer insisted ............................................................................ 31Although we are fa ing the poor economic climate, our sales have held up. In spite ................................................................................................................................

41 A special team has esigned these products since 2 months ago. These products 5 "Why don't you co lain to the company, Peter?" said William. .............

77

William suggested

.................................................

TEST 8
l!They'lI have to change the date of the meeting again. The date 21 Would you like me to finish the work tonight? I'll 31 You must see the manager tomorrow morning. You1ve 41 There was never any answer when we rang. Every c ................................................ ..... ................................................ :......... .......................

51Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job. In spite ................................................

TEST 9
II He was annoyed because his secretary came late to work. He objected 21No one has signed this cheque. This cheque :................................................................
................................................

............................................

31 Unless he phones immediately he won't get any information. If............................................................................................................... 41 I am very pleased that we shall meet again soon. I am looking .............................................................................................. 51 "Why didn't I get a computer before?" thought the office manager. The office manager wondered .................................................................................................................
............................................... ...............................................

TEST 10
II "You'd better not lend him any more money, Mary," said Tom. Tom advised Mary 21 I started work for the company a year ago. ...............................................

78

I've been

"

......................

31 Please check for d mage before signing the delivery note. Don't .................................................................................................................................

41 Why don't you me t to discuss the pay offer? I suggest , .............

51I would prefer yo to deliver the sofa on Friday. I would rather .................................................................................................................................

TEST 11
1/ It is pointless to h e that old typewriter repaired. That old typewriter i nOI........................................................................................................................... 21 Mr Mills losl hisj b because he was late every day. If Mr Mills .....................................................................................................................

31 James spoke 10 his awyer before signing the contract. James didn't 41On arrival at the sh p, the goods are inspected carefully. When the goods ................................................................................................................................ .........

51 "Willi ever find aj b?" Tim said to himself. Tom wondered .........................................................................................................................................

TEST 12
II You remembered t post the letter, didn't you? You didn't 21To get the 40% dis You can only unt, you must buy all twelve books at the same time. ............................................................................................................................... .....

31 "If you had paid Ihe bill earlier, they wouldn't have disconnected the phi she said. She said 41 I'd prefer you to sig the-contract without any further delay. I'd rather ..................... .....

79

5/ Do you have a good relationship with your boss? Are .............................................

TEST 13
1/ The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money. Were ........................................................................................................... 2/ The people who were at the meeting will say nothing to the press. Nobody who ............................................................................................... 3/ I had better get back to work.
It's ............................................................................................................... ............................................. ............................................. .............................................

4/ I do not intend to discuss this matter any further. I have 5/ The value of sterling has fallen considerably in the past week. There has ;................... ..............................................

TEST 14
1/1 applied for the job but was turned down. My............................................................................................................................................................. 2/ There are more people out of work in this country than ever before. Never
...

~..........................................................................................................

3/ We only dispatch goods after receiving the money. Only after the money 4/ You pay $20 a month for a period of one year. You pay in ..............................................

..............................................

5/1t is thought that the Prime Minister is considering raising taxes. The Prime Minister ..................................................................................................................................

TEST 15
1/ Someone has suggested abolishing income tax.

80

It...........................
21 She never seems However ...............

...................................................................................................................................

0 succeed, even though she works hard.

...................................................................................................................................

31It was more of a argument than a discussion.

It was not so :............................................................................................

41 Robert is soIT)' n w that he didn't accept the job. Robert now wishes
..........................................................................-........................................................

51 House prices hav risen dramatically this year. There has ... .................

TEST 16
This affair does not oncem you. This affair is no ..................................................................................................................................

The company prese s a gold watch to each of its retiring employees Each .......................
........................................................................-.........................................................

"If Brian doesn't trai harder, I won't select him for the team," said manager. The manager threate ed ............................................................................................................................ You'll certainly meet lots of people in your new job.
Yau are ... h ......................................

I left without saying oodbye as I didn't want to disturb the meeting. Rather .................................................................................................................................

Robert is sorry now t at he didn't accept the job. Robert now wishes .. ............_....................................................................................................................

TEST 17
They estimated the pee, including all the costs.

. 81

Taking ........................................................................................................ "If you had paid the bill earlier, they wouldn't have disconnected the phi She said I'd prefer you to sign the contract without any further delay.

.............................................

e said.

I'd rather
I was very sorry I wasn't able to hand in the assignment. If only ......................................................................................................... If the work is finished by lunchtime you can go home. Get

..... ..............................................

..............................................

:........................................................................

..............................................

TEST 18
Do you have a good relationship with your boss?
Are

...............................................

The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money. Were ::
c

...............................................

My income does not enable me to meet all my financial commitments. 1.................................................................................................................. It's nobody's fault that the meeting was cancelled. Nobody .................................................................................................... She left university two years ago. It is She started working as a secretary five years ago. She has ................................................ :..........................
............................................... ...............................................

82

RITING TOPICS & SAMPLE ESSAYS

83

WRITING TOPI S II Others prefer t work for an employer. Would you rather be self.employed, work for

someone else, or 0 n a business? Use specific reasons to explain your choice. 21 Do you agree a disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face communication is better than other pes of communication, such as letters, E-mail, or telephone calls. Use

specific reasons an details to support your answer. 31 People have di erent ways of escaping the stress and difficulties of modem life. Some read; some exercis ; others work in their gardens. What do you think are the best ways of reducing stress? Us specific details and examples in your answer. 41 People work be ause they need money to live. What are some other reasons that people work? Discuss one or more of these reasons. Use specific examples and details to support
your answer.

51 Which would yo choose: a high-paying job with long hours that would give you little time with family and fri nds or a lower-paying job with shorter hours that would give you more time with family an friends? Explain your choice, using specific reasons and details. 61 We all work or what are some im ill work in our jobs with many different kinds of people. In your opinion, rtant characteristics of a co-worker (someone you work closely with)?

Use reasons and sp cific examples to explain why these characteristics are important. 71 Some people p fer to work for a large company. Others prefer to work for a small company. Which w uld you prefer? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice. 81 Do you agree or isagree with the following statement? The most important aspect ofajob is the money a pers n earns. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 91 A company is oing to give some money either to support the arts or to protect the environment. Whic examples to suppa 101 Do you agree do you think the company should choose? Use specific reasons and your answer. r disagree with the following statement? Businesses should do anything

they can to make a rofi!. Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.

84

11/ If you were an employer, which kind of worker would you prefer to hire: an inexperienced wor er at a lower salary or an experienced worker at a higher salary? Use specific reasons an details to support your answer. 12/ Some people s that computers have made life easier and more convenient. Other people

say that computers have made life more complex and stressful. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons an examples to support your answer. 13/ Is it more imp rtant to be able to work with a group of people on a team or to work independently? Us reasons and specific examples to support your answer. 14/ What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use specific details and examples to explai why these qualities are important. 15/ Some people s y that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think access to so much information creates problems. Which view do you agree with? Use specific reason and examples to support your opinion

85

SAMPLE COM OSITIONS Duoi day hi m<)t 'bai ]u~n milu cua cac thi sinh dugc chung tOi ]\la chQn va gioi thi~u d.! cac b~n hQc vien th tuy nhien m<)ts6 khao. Nhin chung cae bai lu~ nay dugc ban giam khao danh gia kha t6t , a dai va v1\n con 16i v.! tir v\Tl1gva c5u truc. Trong qua trinh hQc, cac b~

hQc vien c6 th.! t am khao each vi.!t, each di~n d~t 9, cach sir d\mg tir va cilu truc d.! vi~ I~i cae chu d.! thanh ai ]u~ rieng cua minh. Nen nM, ph5.nvi.!t lu~n (Composition) trong bai thi chi yeu cAucae-b n sir d\lng khoang 150 tir, nen bai thi cua eac b~n se ngiln hem bai lu~ milu rilt nhi.!u. II Others prefer 0 work for an employer. Would you rather be self-employed, work for

someone else, or wn a business? Use specific reasons to explain your choice. Although one is n t always lucky enough to have a choice between working for an employer or for oneself. Bu it would be great if one has the opportunity to decide so. I would rather work for an empl er than owning a business of my own.

When we own ou business, there is a lot of risk involved in monetary terms. At times due to market conditions not really due to a fault of our own), the business might not do as well. It would even beco e difficult to survive or cover the basic costs. The financial loss could really wear you 0 . This is too much of a hassle and tension. Another reason is n one's own business, there is certainly unlimited number of hours of work that one has to put specially during the initial setup days. A lot of effort is required to sustain in a competitive e vironment. As contrast to thi if one is working for an employer, you have sort of fixed number of working hours. S etimes if the work is more, they might vary but usually they remain the

same. One has to eep doing hard work even if the company is not doing well. But if the company goes bro e altogether, there is a chance that one would find a job elsewhere without bothering much ab ut the financial loss. Hence, I think for and headaches of e I would rather play safe and work for somebody than bear the tensions y own business. is

2/ Do you agree 0 disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face communication better than other ypes of communication,

such as letters, E-mail, or telephone calls. Use

specific reasons a d details to support your answer.

86

I strongly agree

th the statement that face-to-face communication is better than other types

of communication Below are some points to support my opinions. First of all, it is uch more easier to understand each other by face-to-face communication.

Words are not th only way to communicate. People often use body languages and face expressions to hel to express themselves more clearly. Other types of communication, such as letters, email, a telephone calls simply don't offer such advantages. Secondly, face-to ace communication enhances the relationship between people. It's hard to imagine that fam y members could communicate with each other only through telephone calls or emai!. Last, but certainl not the least, people can receive instant and clear feedback from their

talking partners b face-to-face communication. The possibilities of misunderstanding will be much more less han communicating by other methods. That's why the most important

decisions still m de by face-to-face discussion, even there are more convenient ways available. Based on above pints, I think face-to-face is a better way to communicate with people. 3/ People have di ferent ways of escaping the stress and difficulties of modern life. Some read; some exerc se; others work in their gardens. What do you think are the best ways of reducing stres ? Use specific details and examples in your answer. Modern life has ecome so demanding nowadays that everyone is facing the problem of

stress.!n order to escape the stress due to work pressure people try out different ways to become stress fre These includes reading, gardening, cycling, playing and many more things

as per their choic .For me the best ways to escape stress are listening to music, going on a short trip and sp below. Firstly, listening t good music is the best way to escape from stress as because it takes us into a different w rid.While listening to the sweetly composed tunes it makes us forget all the worldly worries. in avoiding stress avoid stress. Iso we can listen to music anywhere using portable systems. This helps us henever we feel so. Therefore I think listening music is a excellent way to ding time with family.The reasons for the above choices are mentioned

87

Secondly, going

n a short trip refreshes us and helps us to escape stress. Whenever we go

for such trips we j st leave aside our daily routine and just try to relax. We enjoy doing things out of the daily sc edule.So this change simply lifts our spirits and helps us to escape stress. Also whenever w spent time with our family ,we talk our heart out to our loved ones, listen to their sweet tho ghts and play like a child with the young ones.All these helps us releasing all our thoughts w ich creates stress and makes us young and fresh at heart. In condusion, I uld like to say again that listening to music,going for a trip and spending

time with family c rtainly releases stress as supported by the above mentioned points. 41 People work ecause they need money to live. What are some other reasons that

people work? Vi uss one or more of these reasons. Use specific examples and details to support your ans er.

People work beca se they need money to live. Of course, money is essential to live in this century.Money he ps people to get what they want such as food, an apartment to live, and doUhing to wear. owever working is an activity that people perform in order to feel useful

and important in t eir life. Taking the work that a physician has to do. This job has financial gratification but a so, it has a great emotional satisfaction. It gives the opportunity to save other's people life and also It brings new lifes to this world as gynecologist does every day. Besides working i crease the self-steem of a person, giving the opportunity to do what they can do best, feeli g a productive person in this society. A person who work knows she is working because he has good qualifications to do so and she can improve every day her

skills doing her jo and she can feel proud of herself and be a better person. Whatever job is a ource of inspiration in order to make things better and to lift the spirits of people knowing t
working

y can do something special in their life. That is what life is about. In fact
in human life, no matter if you are receiving money

is one of he essential activities

from it, You alwa

receive the compensation of being useful.

51 Which would Y u choose: a high-paying job with long hours that would give you little time with family nd friends or a lower-paying job with shorter hours that would give

you more time wi h family and friends? Explain your choice, using specific reasons and details. Some people beli ve that the most important thing in their life is to succeed in their occupation. Neve heless, in my opinion, it is more important to be near your family.

88

Therefore, if I ha the chance to choose a job now, I would select the lower-paying job with shorter hours. First, working I s I would have the opportunity to spend more time with my family. When I grew up, I want ( most of my friends) to have a family and many children of whom I want

to take care. If I pent much of my day. working, I would not have the opportunity of being y children. t important and happy moment in our life, especially for a mother. Nothing
could substitute t experience of taking care of your own children.

Moreover, I woul have the chance to relax more if I do not spend my entire day working. I could visit my fri ds in my free time. Then, we could talk about what happen during the day,

listen to music, a d do many more things. We also can go fishing (that is my hobby)in the weekends. Thus, opportunity to rei All at all, I thin because, accordin that the lower-paying job with shorter hours is the best choice for me to me, my family and my friends are more important for me than the job. would not think only for my job or my problems but I would have the

The life is so short let us enjoy it more. 6/ We all work 0 will work in our jobs with many different kinds of people. In your opinion, what ar some important characteristics of a co.worker (someone you work closely with)? Us reasons and specific examples to explain why these characteristics important. After finishing my studies, I will soon be entering a practical life. I would have to work in an office with people f different nature. An ideal worker is defined as an intelligent individual are

who knows the wo k given to him, willing to learn more, doesn't mind extra work etc. But, in real life s ch an exceptional individual is quite difficult to find. Therefore, in my mind, the image qualities. The first and forem st characteristic I would expect in her is that she should be a hard worker. I have always wor d hard my self and that's why I would prefer someone who loves to work f a co-worker, I would like to work with, should have the following

hard too, in order t get the work done by mutual contribution.

89

Secondly, she sh uld be fun loving. Dull and boring people are rarely competitive in my
opinion. Jolly an friendly people are mostly liked by everyone.

Third characterist c I would love to see in my co-worker would be, she must respect others. When you respec others ideas, people tend to respect your ideas too. My co-worker s uld not be racist. In today's world, people have realized that skin and

features have not ing to do with one's capabilities. So she should be kindhearted and positive

minded, since the nvironment in most big companies is multi cultural.

She should also ave the quality of taking the ownership of the relevant issues. She must

know what she is oing and what can be the possible consequences .She should also know the solutions of the s all problems appearing in the work

Most of these qu ities, I understand, can not be found in most people. As a matter of fact, I would probably h ve two or three of the listed above. However, if you have the choice of coworkers that will ork with you, it would be great for them to have the above qualities.

71 Some people company. choice. Whic

refer to work for a large company. Others prefer to work for a small would you prefer? Use specific reasons and details to support your

I prefer to work

r a small company at the beginning of my career because I will learn a

more general pers eetive of that organization, I will have more opportunities to be promoted, and I can use that ind of experience to any job in the future.

Working in a sma I company help you to understand how all the company works, how all the departments relat newspaper in the to each other. For example, I had the opportunity to work for a small

roduction Department as a Production Manager Assistant and I deal with Technical Writing, Distribution, Accounting. I

different departm nts such us Advertising,

had the opportuni y to visit all the departments and learn the functions of each of them and how all of them c ntribute to main company goal. Smaller compani have less employees and less policies and provide you more freedom to Managers can notice your work and

make changes an try new ideas and improvements. recognize you m re often.

When I worked in small newspaper, [ participated in business

meetings with all he Departments Managers and with the General Manager and the Owner of the company. We id not only talk about business but also about other personal topics and we

have the opportun ty to know each other more.

90

The learning expe ience in a small company is more general and provide you with a overall knowledge of an 0 ganization and build you a helpful background that can be applied in other a. departments and so in other companies. When I worked in other companies such us Textile Factory, a Cement Corporation or a Customer Service Company, I was able to identified the di rent relationships among the different departments and I was able to

identify the main g al of the company and work for it. Working in a sma I company gives a you a better perspective of the organization as whole company working owards a goal, provide you more opportunities to be recognized and deal with the decision experience to be u akers of a company and provide with a better background and valuable in other departments and also in other companies.

8/ Do you agree 0 disagree with the following statement? The most important aspect of a job is the mone answer. Some people may think that money is the most important aspect of a job. Of course, this factor cannot be ig ored. But in my opinion, I disapprove this kind of idea. As I see it, there are many other im ortant aspects ajob, rather than money. One of them is th satisfaction of the worker. No matter what other people say, if the person is satisfied with hi !her work, that's it. For example, my father was a good student in high school. His parent and teachers told him to go to law school because it was the best career a person could have t that time and was an honor for the family. But my father disagreed and went to the army ecause he wanted to. And until now, he is very satisfied with his job. He didn't choose ajob hat was conspicuous to other people, but ajob he liked. Another factor is ow well the job suits the person. We can't get a clumsy person to be a doctor that require great awareness on the work, such as surgery. A single mistake, even the slightest failure ca kill a person. So people should also consider on how well he/she can do the job, and if it's siting the person. In closing, I disag ee with the idea of money being the most important aspect of a job. Of course, we can't to ally ignore money. Usually many people just work, whether they like it or not, just to earn oney. But we must keep in mind that money should be considered as a a person earns. Use specific reasons and examples to support your

second, after we d cide things such as the satisfaction or how well the job suits the person. Money isn't every! ing in life, remember that.

91

9/ A company is oing to give some money either to support the arts or to protect the environment. Wh ch do you think the company should choose? Use specific reasons and examples to supp rt your answer. There are many w ys that a company can help the society as a whole. For example, it can support the arts a it can take some action to protect the environment. I believe that the protection of the e vironment should be a priority to all businesses. First of all nowad s we live in several times more polluted environment than our ancestors.

And life condition are getting worse every day. I think that companies can do a lot of things about that. They newspaper about an even raise their profits helping the society. Recently, I read in a campaign of McDonalds to plant trees in order to prevent further

destruction of the zone layer. They received approval from the society and increased their profits. So that co panies can follow them and help to save our environment. Secondly, I think at protecting the environment, the company helps every single member of

the society. I have n mind all the deceases that have occurred during the last century. These, so called "new era deceases, like all allergies, are due to the polluted air. Many companies can make an effo the air pollution. In conclusion, I hink that the company is better to give some money to protect the environment, beca se in this way it will benefit the whole society. It will contribute to people's health and less polluted environment. 10/ Do you agre anything they ca position. Some people thin that businesses should do anything they can to make a profit. In my or disagree with the following statement? Businesses should do and use special equipment in their production process in order to restrict

to make a profit. Use specific reasons and examples to support your

opinion, these pea Ie are thinking a little bit selfish, because there are other things that a business should d , for example considering the workers, costumers. Beside all these a business should se e the community. The most importa t thing to realize is that, a person who is serving the costumers and the community should always be honest. In my opinion honesty is the most important quality a business should ha e in order to deserve the profit it makes. Earning money by playing trick on consumers or g tting more money than it deserves is so bad that I don't think a business

92

which makes pro t out of dishonesty can carry on with success. In a business all the workers must consider the other workers, the costumers and the community they live in. Colleagues are also very imp rtant, they should respect each other and should never forget that business is a team-work. I a business is making large profits, it should share it with the people who made that profit p ssible. If a worker cannot get what he deserves either economically or mentally he may not be able to work effectively i the future. The other import t thing is that some of the profits one's business earns from the community

should be returned to the community. For example if big company is earning a lot of money, it should never for et that the money comes from community so it should return some of the profit back to com unity. There are various ways to do it. For example a company can built a park for the childr n or creche just like public nursery for the children of the workers, get the trust of the worker

The last very imp rtant point is to get customers' trust. A small company may grow into a large company aft r sometime but if it wants to be long lasting, it should always try to produce high-quali y products, and give good service to its costumers. Generally, it can e said that the most important thing for a business is to make a profit; a business should ne er do anything to make a large profit. There are more important things such as serving the costumers, workers and community .A business must make profits, but we all. workers, custo ers, community- must profit from a successful business. I II If you were n employer, which kind of worker would you prefer to hire: an

inexperienced wo ker at a lower salary or an experienced worker at a higher salary? Use specific reaso s and details to support your answer. When you becom options. One is to hire an inexperienced worker at a lower salary and the other is to hire an experienced worke at a higher salary. [ would prefer the first option for some reasons besides the low payment bu the second option is also necessary in some cases. Hiring an inexperie ced worker who is just graduated from the university will give you and your company the portunity to use his fresh theoretical knowledge. A new graduate worker an employer and need to hire workers you must decide between two

would be equipped with many new techniques, skills and knowledge that are not relevant

93

during yours and

ost of the existing workers time of study. In that sense he will be useful in

developing new i eas in your company. Hiring an inexpe ienced worker is also necessary to increase employment opportunities of your country. If II the companies are going to hire experienced workers with high salaries, most young, inex erienced workers wouldn't have the chance to find a job and this will create a vicious cycle. hat is he cannot find a job as he is inexperienced but he cannot gain

experience at the ame time as he is jobless. This will cause unrest within the society. On the other han you should always hire some experienced workers in your company as well. You will p obably pay higher salaries to those kinds of employees but they will be useful. They hav the practical experience at which the new workers do not have. He can fill the gap between t eory and practice which is-very important for the success of a company. As a result, thou h I prefer to hire an inexperienced worker with low salary, hiring some experienced work rs with high salaries is also necessary. 12/ Some people say that computers people say that omputers have made life easier and more convenient. Other

have made life more complex and stressful. What is your

opinion? Use spe ific reasons and examples to support your answer. Information at au fingertips, Shopping and Banking from our place of work or from home, Communications ith OUfnear and dear in a matter of few seconds, and so much more. We

can't imagine a Ii , let alone a single day, without the above facilities. If computers haven't

madeour life easi r, what has?

The Information information. ge is now at its peak. The internet has proved to be a great resource of

So ware, Hardware, History, Geography, Films, Poetry, Classics, narne the

field and you hav thousands of websites providing you with the information you require in a matter of seconds. A research or thesis, that would have taken couple of days to be completed can be done in atter of hours, saving us the trouble of running around to collect the

necessary inform ion. Banking and sho ping has never been easier. At the click of a mouse button, there are

transactions being carried out, money being transferred and stocks being sold. There is not a single bank witho t a web site today. E-banking and E-shopping are the buzzwords of the Information age.

94

To talk about communications distance between

mputers,

and not mention the role it has played in the field of

auld be totally impossible. E-mails and chat sessions have shortened the eople. Letters and messages that would either take days to reach are being

received within m nutes and in a cost-effective manner too. In this fast mov ng world, where results are expected instantaneously and accurately,

computers give us more than what we require and faster than we expect. The ways in which computers have c ntributed to each field is innumerable. They have no doubt made our lives so much easier, th t its impossible now to function without them. 13/1s it more im ortant to be able to work with a group of people on a team or to work independently? Man has always e reasons and specific examples to support your answer. een a social animal. It is established that most of his achievements are

attributed to social structure and team work. So, it is more important to be able to work with a group of people n a team than to work independently. owl edge unique to himself. No person has complete knowledge ahout any subject. Pea e have different approaches and contribute in different ways to the same
cause. So, a grou of persons can contribute more to a cause than a single person can do.

Having many per plans more strongl

ns working together also helps in the fact that a group can execute its and in a better way, whereas a single person may fail to do so because of

lack of opinion or esolution. A team also prom tes team spirit. There is a healthy competition within the group members and this breeds in ovative ideas by provoking thoughts. thinks in his own On the other hand, a single person

ay. The possibility of verification and hence improvements are less than they are in a group [ fear he may continue to make same mistakes and will realize them very late. A team person dr ws ideas from each of his teammates and hence is more exposed to the current progresses nd latest methods in his field. A single person may need to put a lot of

effort, (often impr tical) to gain an equal amount of knowledge. At some or the a her stage in one's life, everybody should work with others. A person

working in a team learns to live with many persons and work in harmony with strangers. Meanwhile he gets rid off his individual complexes which might have adverse effect on one's profession. These essons he learnt in his team are also important assets in his personality that

95

he carries home.

ut, a person working independently would not have experienced these

things. He may fin it difficult to work with others in future. He will have to start afresh and learn to cope with t e group when it is inevitable. Hence, I strongly ~ I that team work is essential in everybody's life. It brings out the best out of a person. Even brilliant person cannot strive for excellence without anybody's assistance.

Therefore, it is very important to develop team's attitude. 14! What are som important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use specific details

and examples to e plain why these qualities are important. What are the qualiti s of a good supervisor? Everyone of us might have supervisors during his or her life. We spe d a lot of time with them, work for them and generally, try to make them satisfy with our w k. Usually we don't have the opportunity to choose our supervisors. But what if we could? The first important hat would be the most important qualities of a good supervisor? uality of a good supervisor is that a good a supervisor should have good

interpersonal relati ns with his employees. This includes being interested in the employees' professional work
supervisor, Tom. feelings, trying to

s well as in their personal feelings. Take for example the case of my hen I don't feel well because of personal troubles, Tom asks me about my ive me good advice that will solve the problem. I know that my personal

troubles are not rei ted to my work. Even though, it is really good to know that the person you are working fo takes care about your feelings and not only about your productivity. The second import nt quality of a good supervisor is that a good supervisor should correct your mistakes, tryi g to explain you what is the right way to implement the assignment you have. For instance, hen my supervisor saw that the report I prepared was written improperly,

he called me to his office, explained my mistakes and told me how to write it properly. I am sure that in the nex time I write such a report, I will do it properly... In conclusion, a g od supervisor should have two important qualities: he should have good interpersonal relati ns with his employees and he should explain them how to fulfill properly an assignment the have. In an organization that is based on a team work ,good supervisor might mean good e ployees and good team always usually means good productivity. IS! Some people s y that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think acce s to so much information creates problems. Which view do you agree

with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion

96

Right now in 20th ce tury, the Internet is used commonly all over the world. Some say it is very useful, some sa provides people with it creates a problem. I am on the side of saying that the Internet lot of valuable information.

Finding sources in th Internet may have people use their time wisely. People who did not have the Internet in t eir age had to go to the library and checked out several books to find information for their xams and reports. Now in our age, we mainly used the Internet to find information. It elimin tes the time to go the library so you can focus on the information and study more about the opic. Next, the Internet w II give the people some free information. If you go to the library by taking trains and sub ays, it will cost money shortly however, to the students, it is a big deal. On the other hand, s me pages in the Internet gives the students some free information to their sources. This i a very positive deal to the students who do not desire to pay money toward their educatio that much, and spending money on their hobbies. The Internet eliminat s the time and money you spent wisely. The Internet affected our life positively and negat vely, depending on how people face it. I agree with the Internet providing people wit a lot of valuable information.

97

,..

LISTE

ING COMPREHENSION

98

ISTENING COMPREHENSION
TEST 1
PART ONE You have two minu es to read the qnestions in advance. Listen to the passage carefully and answer the folio ing questions. You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES. I. What is the best th'ng the first speaker has ever bought?

.................................................................................................................
2. Why does he enjoy it?

.................................................................................................................
3. What is the best th'ng the second speaker has ever bought? ................................................................................................................. 4. Who did the secon speaker meet?

.................................................................................................................
5. How much did the hird speaker spend on his computer speakers?

................................................................................................................. PART THRE!,

You have two minu es to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage carefully and circle the best a swer. You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES. ANSWERING PH NE

I. What will take pia .e at Bill's house tomorrow? A. a party B. a game C. a dance 2. Why does Hank ha e to work late? A. He has to at nd a meeting. B. He has to w ite a report. C. He has to cI se the office. 3. Why is Hank goin to visit Lisa after work?

99

A. because she is sick in bed B. because he has to return something C. because he is going to take her to Bill's house 4. Where is Hank going to get the snacks to take to Bill's house? A. from his house B. from the store

c. from his work

5. What time will Hank most likely arrive at Bill's house? A. 7:00 PM B. 8:00 PM C. 9:00 PM PART TWO You have two minutes to read the questions in advance. Ljsten to fill in the blanks with ONE word for each. You will listen to the pi Bill: Hey, this is Bill. I'm sorry I'm not in. Just leave a message. [Beep]
.

i he passage again and e THREE TIMES.

Hey Bill. This is Hank. I'm just (I)

the (2)

to let you know t at I'll be a little late to

hours at work to (3)

tomorrow night. I have to work a few ext

a report. I should wrap things up sometime between s ven and eight. Oh, and then I'm planning on dropping by Lisa's (4) been sick recently. Oh one more thing. I'll swing by my house to pick up some (5) for the game See you then.

*.... TEST 2
PART ONE You have two minutes to read the questions in advance. Listen to he passage carefully and answer the following questions. You will listen to the piece TH I. What is the best thing she has ever bought? ................................................................................................................... E TIMES.

100

2. Was the thing she

ught expensive?

......................................................................................
3. How
often does sh use it?

......................................................................................
4. What is the best thi g he has ever bought?

......................................................................................
5. What does he plan 0 do with it?

1......................................................................................
PART You TWO have two

minut s to read the questions

You will

in advance.

Listen

to the passage TIMES.

carefully

and circle

the best a swer.

listen to the piece THREE

Business Communic tions

1. Why can't Elaine St ong answer the phone?

A. She's in a me ting. B. She's out oft C. She's talking e office. ith another customer. to send??

2. What does caller w nt the secretary

A. information

n after-sales service
.e newest computers re products th secretary send the material?

B. a picture
., I

oft

C. a list of soft 3. What time should

A. 2:30 PM B. 3:30 PM C. 5:00 PM

4. What is the caller's ame?

A. Cordell B. Kordel C. Kordell

101

5. What is the caller's telephone number? A.560-1287. B. 560-1828 C. 560-2187

PART THREE
You have two minutes to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage again and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each. You will listen to the pi ce THREE TIMES. Secretary: Hello, Ultimate Computers. May I help you? Caller: Yes, this is Jack Kardell from Hunter's Office Supplies. May Elaine Strong, please? Secretary: I'm sorry, but she's not in right now. Caller: Okay, do you know when she'll be (2) ? ut 4:30. May I take a (I) to

Secretary: Uh, yes, she should be here later on this afternoon maybe message? Caller: Yes. Ms. Strong sent me a brochure detailing your (3) computers with a (4) information about after-sales (5) Secretary: Oh, I'm sorry. Would you like me to fax that to you? Caller: Yes, but our fax is being (6) at the moment,

line of laptop

of other software products, but there wasn't any

d it won~ be working

until around 2:30. Hum. . . could you try sending that information aro nd 3:30? That's should give me time to look over the (7) before I call Ms. Str. ng, say, around 5:00.

Secretary: Sure. Could I have your narne, telephone number, and fax n mber, please?
Caller: Yes. Jack Kardell and the phone number is 560-1287. And the fax n . is 560-1288.

Secretary: Okay. Jack Kardell. Is your name (8) Caller: No. It's Kardell with a uK" and two "I's." K-o-r-d-e-l-I."

C-o-r d-e-I?

Secretary: All right, Mr. Kardell. And your phone number is 560-1287 and the fax number is 560-1288. Is that (9) Caller: Yes it is. Secretary: All right. I'll be (10) Caller: Okay, bye. to send you the fax this afternoon. ?

102

TEST 3
PART ONE You have two minu es to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage earefully and answer the folio ing questions. You will listen to the pieee THREE TIMES. I. Where did they de ide to open a new sales office?

.................................................................................................................
2. Why did the Mana ing Director arrange a meeting with the finance department?

.................................................................................................................
3. How many option did they consider when locating the new sales office?

.................................................................................................................
4. Why did they over pend by almost 20 percent?

.......................................................................................
5. Did they open the ffice as planned? I

:.......................................................................................
PART TWO You have two minu es to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage earefully and circle the best a swer. You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES. Immigration and ~stoms

1. What is the purpo e of the woman's visit? A. business

B. pleasure

C. business an pleasure 2. Where will the w an stay during her trip?

A. at a friend's home
B. at a hotel

C. at a univers Iy dormitory 3. About how long A. one or two ill the woman be in the country? ays

103

B. three or four days C. more than four days

4. What things are in the woman's luggage? A. clothing, computer, and books B. CD player, clothing, and books C. books, gifts and computer 5. What other piece of information do we learn about the woman? A. Her parents are on the same trip. B. She enjoys traveling to different countries. C. She was born in that country. PART THREE You have two minutes to "read the questions in advance. Listen to t e passage again and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each. You will listen to the piec THREE TIMES. Customs Officer: Next. Vh, your (I) Woman: Okay. Customs Officer: Uh, what is the purpose of your (2) Woman: I'm here to (3) ? please.

a teaching convention for thd first part of my trip,

and then I plan on touring the capital for a few days. Customs Officer: And where will you be staying? Woman: I'll be staying in a room at a hotel (4) Customs Officer: And uh, what do you have in your (5) Woman: Vh, well, just, just my (6) and a CD player. Customs Officer: Okay. Vh, please open your bag. Woman: Sure. Customs Officer: Okay. . . Everything's fine. [Great]. Vh, by the way, is his your first visit to the (7) ? orking in the capital belongings, urn, . . . I lothes, a few books, for the e tire week.

Woman: Well, yes and no. Actually, I was born here when my (8) were many years ago, but this is my first trip back (9) then.

104

Customs Officer: We:t, (10) Woman: Thanks.

your trip.

...... TEST 4
PART ONE You have two minu es to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage carefully and answer the folio ing questions. You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES. I. What does Tara F hions sell?

....................-............................................................................................

.................................................................................................................
3. Does it have 50 st res in Spain?

................................................................................................................. 4. What is its annual umover? .................................................................................................................

5. What is its future an?

,.......................................................................................
PART TWO You have two minu es to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage carefully and circle the best a swer. You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES. BUSINESS MEET G

I. What was the ma; focus of the survey? A. leisure spo . ng activities

B. average age f athletes C. durability 0 sporting equipment 2. Which group seem to be most active in sports? A. 18-26 B.27-35

105

C.36-45 3. Which sport was cited as the third most popular?

A. jogging B. tennis
C. cycling 4. What is NOT one of Gary's marketing strategies? A. target the 18 to 26 year-old age B. sell tennis rackets C. carry more athletic shoes 5. Why does Sam want to target the 46-55 age group? A. They have more buying power. B. They are very health conscious. C. They tend to enjoy sports more. PART THREE You have two minutes to read the questions in advance. Listen to t e passage agaIn and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each. You will listen to the pice THREE TIMES. Gary: Sam, could you (I) the results of the surve for on leisure sporting is Friday's business

activities again? We need to plan out our (2) meeting. Sam: Sure, Gary. I've summarized

the results in the handout,

down by (3)

age groups and sporting activities. The survey was ad and women between the ages of 18 and 55 years old, and the results h ve been compiled in the following age groups: ] 8 to 26, 27 to 35, 36 to 45, and 46 to 55. A ording to the results, the most (4) group involved in sporting activities are . ose between 18 and

26 years old, followed by those 36 to 45 years old. Gary: Okay. Sam: As far as particular sports are concerned, people in th e two groups (5) by skiing, tennis,

jogging as their favorite recreational sport follow swimming, and cycling. Gary: And what about these groups broken down by (6)

]06

Sam: Oh, Gary, th~ks for bringing that up. Men appear to be slightly more active than women in the 18 to k6 year-old age group, but women seem more active in the other three groups. Gary: Hmm. Based qn what you have said, I think we should (7) targeting I the 18 to 26 year-oldl,age group more in the future. I also feel we should consider expanding our line of athletic sh~es, particularly jogging and tennis (8) i come up with a more lappealing slogan aimed at this age group.

. We also have to

Sam: I see what you ",ean. However, when these results are compared with the survey carried out three years ago, e can see a growing (9) among older consumers--those

14, I mean 46 to 55 who are becoming more conscious and concerned about staying fit. I believe this trend will continue, so we should focus on this group instead. Gary: I see your poi t. Well, let's meet again on Wednesday to iron out more of the (10) of th s proposal.

***** TEST 5

PART ONE You have two minu es to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage carefully and answer the folio ing questions. You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES. Test 5 1. What do good mar eting communications involve?

......................................................................................
2. What is the most c mmon definition of marketing?

......................................................................................
3. Which campaign w most memorable for Mirjana?

......................................................................................
4. What does she thin of mobile technologies and mobile communications? ................................................................................................................. 5. How was the strap 1 ne (slogan) 'the future's bright, the future's orange'? .................................................................................................................

107

PART TWO t1 the passage carefully and circle the best answer. You will listen to the piece THREE TI,ES. You have two minutes to r~ad the questions in advance. Listen

World of Computers
I

L What is the main topic of this conversation? A. computer sales negotiations B. a preliminary interview C. an Internet seminar meeting

2. From the discussion, what did Mr. Taylor probably do for his previts A. He managed the sales department. B. He gave seminars on the Internet.
I

company?

C. He worked as a custodian.
I

3. Mr. Taylor thinks that Java is:

I

A. a Web page authoring program.

B. a kind of beverage.
C. a computer game software. 4. What does the man mean when he says, "We'll be in touch" at the en of the conversation? A. He will call Mr. Taylor in the next few days. B. He will talk over their discussion with others. C. He will not contact him for further consideration. 5. Choose the best word(s) to describe Mr. Taylor: A. on the ball B. high achiever C. uninformed PART THREE You have two minutes to read the questions in advance. Listen to t e passage again and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each. You will listen to the pie e THREE TIMES. Man: Okay, Mr. Taylor, let's go ahead and begin. First of all, tell me ab ut your last job.

108

I I I I ,
Mr. Taylor: Well,

~ (I)
I

on my resume, I worked for five years at Hi Tech

Computers.

I I
and

Man: Okay. Hi Tedh. And what do you know about computer (2) operating systems in~luding DOS, Windows, Macintosh OS, and UNIX? I I Mr. Taylor: Umm . well. . . I did come in contact with computers every (3) at my last job.

'1

,
I
I

Man: Hum! . .. Andlhow about web site authoring skills? [Oh]. We are looking for someone
rnd manage our company's web site which would (5) development, config~ration, and use ofCG! scripts. to (4) the

Mr. Taylor: Umm . . i. uh, web page, web page. Huh. . . I don't think I've read that book, and I'm afraid I've (6) used those CGI things.
*.***
I

TEST 6
PART ONE

i I
I

You have two minu~es to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage carefully and answer the f01l1wing questions. You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES. Test 6 (7.4)
i

I. What company ha4 an unsuccessful campaign? 1....................................................................................... 2. What was the pro+se with every purchase?

1.......................................................................................
I

3. Why did the camp.ign appear successful at first?

I

j.......................................................................................

4. Why did they end Ihe campaign? 1....................................................................................... 5. What was the effeit of bad planning and bad budgeting? 1.......................................................................................

PART TWO

You have two minu~es to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage carefully and circle the best arswer. You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES. , I I I 109

Radio Advertising I. What service is being advertised? A. home repair

B. food cateri ng

C. carpet cleaning 2. Who is speaking in the commercial? A. the salesperson B. the carpet C. the home owner. 3. What is the regular cost of the service?

A.$22.95 B. $25.95
C. $29.95
4. What will new customers receive free of charge if they call now? A. spot cleaner B. silverware C. wall hangings 5. What is the store's phone number? A.673-5010 B. 633-5100
C. 637-5001
I

PART THREE
I

You have two minutes to read the qUestions in advance. Listen to t~e passage again and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each. You will listen to the Piecr THREE TIMES.
o

Hey you! This is your carpet speaking. Helllooo! Hey, I take a real beat1ng from you and your (I) everyday. The kids track (2) all ove~ me, the dog leaves a coffee the other .ay while entertaining

bunch of fur balls everywhere. You (3)

guests, and your husband left a trail of potato chip crumbs from the s~fa to the kitchen last

110

night while watching the (4) good cleaning?

game. Don't you think it's about time to give me a

,
hall is free. Plus, they'll

Now pick up that p~one and call Master Cleaners now. I see them on the TV all the time. They'll clean any thrte rooms for $29.95, and any (5)
throw in a free (6)

discount off their already low prices. So come on! Give them a I call at 637-5001, and make life for me a little easier. Vh, nice doggie, nice doggie. . receive a (7)

of their amazing stain remover. And if you call now, you'll

.....
TEST 7
PART ONE You have two min~tes to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage carefully
I

and answer the follqwing questions. You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES.
I

TEST 7

I. What did Rebeccalwant to do?

1.......................................................................................
!

2. Why was time im~ortant to her?

I

I i....................................................................................... 3. When was she be tb1e to climb the last mountain in Antarctica?
I
I

1.......................................................................................
4. What was the key ~oher planning?
I

I 1.......................................................................................
5. Were the people t~at she was climbing with in the same place?

1.......................................................................................
I

PART TWO

You have two min~tes to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage carefully and circle the best 1;nswer. You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES. RADIO COMMERrIAL
I

I. What is the name

tf

the business being advertised?

.

A. FortuneFrrniture
B. Frontier ~urniture I III

C. Fabulous Furniture 2. What things are not mentioned in the ad? A. microwavl!s B. sofas

C. stereos
3. Which item could you purchase for under $240? A. a king size bed B. a digital piano C. a color TV 4. Where is the store located? A. two blocks west of city hall B. opposite Union Square C. across from city hall 5. What are the store's hours? A. 10:00 AM to 9:30 PM B. 10:30 AM to 9:00 PM C. 9:30 AM to 10:30 PM PART THREE You have two minutes to read the questions in advance. Listen to thf passage again and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each. You will listen to the piec~ THREE TIMES. Are you (I)
home? Look no further.

for appliances or furniture to give (2)

Here at Frontier Furniture, we have everything

life to your I ~ou need to give your

home a new look and feel. Stereos, video machines, refrigerators, light fixtures, (3) toom tables, washers plan that

and dryers. You name it; we have it! Low on cash? We have an easy *nt-to-own will put you in your favorite sofa (4)

. Big

color TVs asllow as two hundred

and twenty-five dollars; digital pianos starting at three ninety-nine ($:199); king size beds from two hundred and fifty dollars. Free (5) on ail major ~pliances.

112

So come on down td Frontier Furniture. Located downtown two blocks east of city hall, across from Union Square. We're open (6) come on in, and let us!make your dream home a reality from 10:00 AM to 9:30 PM. So,

*****

TEST 8
PART ONE You have two minut~s to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage carefully and answer the following qoestions. You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES. 1. Do some internatio~al managers want their Asian staff to be more or less forceful? , 2. How do they want fleir staff to deal with problems?
,

.................................................................................................................
3. What do they somejimes ignore?

1.......................................................................................
4. Why may they und~restimate the local skills and ability?

,...................................................................................... I' 5. Do the managers h~vea tendency to consider all local staff as being different?
,...................................................................................... PART TWO You have two minutts to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage carefully and circle the best al1swer. You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES. STREET MARKET I. Why did the man ndt buy the ring for sale?

A. He doesn't Ihink it is very special. B. Someone else bought it before him. C. He has no lieed for a ring. D. The ring is too small. 2. What is the problern with the CD player?

IlJ

A. The bunons are scratched. B. The CD casing is chipped. C. The handle is damaged. D. The display is loose. 3. The man is not interested in the leather jacket because: A. it is stained. B. he already has one. C. its too expensive: D. the seams are coming undone. 4. What is the customer's initial counter offer for the records? A.$25

B. $28 C. $30 D.$35

i

5. From the conversation, what does the customer probably purchase frfm the merchant in the I ~ A. only records
B. only a vase

C. some records and a vase

D. nothing PART THREE

. I You have two minutes to read the questions in advance. Listen to t/Ie passage again and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each. You will listen to the pi..e THREE TIMES. Merchant: Hi, So what are you looking for today? Customer: Vh, I'm just looking. Merchant: How about a (I) Customer: There IS no one special. Merchant: Well, take a look at this CD player. A great (2) today only. from someone special?

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Customer: Nab. [ alrejldy have one, plus the handle is (3) Merchant: Okay. Wel\ what about this genuine leather jacket. It would look great on you. Customer: Hum. Let ~e take a look at it.
Merchant: Sure.

Customer: Umm. Thete are (4)

on the sleeves. I'll pass.

Merchant: Well okay,!well, wouldn't you like to walk home with some ofthese great records? Some of the best hits trom the 1960's. Customer: Yeah, let's $ee. Now here's something I'd. . . Ah, these records are (5) Merchant: Ah, just inl a couple places. Listen. I'll sell you these ten records for $50. A (6)

Customer: Whoa! TheVre way too expensive. I'll give you 25 bucks for them. Merchant: Ah, come on. I can't (7) you less than $30 and break even. records for a much better

Customer: Well, that ~uy over there is selling (8) price, so thanks anyw~y.

Merchant: Wait, wait~ wait. You drive a hard bargain. Twenty-eight dollars, and that's my final (9) Customer: Huh. . . I'll!think about it. Merchant: Wait, wait, ""ait. Listen. I'll even throw in this vase. Customer: Now what *" I going to do with a vase?

Merchant: Well, you ~an give it to that someone special when you find her. . . and this ring would look great with It. Customer: Oh, I'll (IO)! with the records.
*****

TEST 9
PART ONE You have two minut"" to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage carefully and answer the follo>-!ing questions. You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES. I I. How has the govermpent reduced the inflation rate to 2 percent? . I ;.....................................................................................

115

I
I

2. Has the exchange rate increased against the dollar for the last 6 monts?

;...........................
3. Why does the employment rate continue to be a problem?

j.........................
4. What is the Government doing to stimulate the economy and attract tpreign investment?

1..........................
5. What are the benefits oCa large skilled labour force to the economy?

..................................................................................
PART TWO

.........................

You have two minutes to read the questions in advance. Listen to'ithe passage carefully and circle the hest answer. You will listen to the piece THREE TI~ES.
I

Telemarketing,

I. What product or service is the telemarketer promoting? A. a stay at a new condominium B. a membership to a sports club C. a hotel in Hawaii 2. Which special feature is NOT part of this offer? A. access to free meals and beverages B. use of fitness rooms C. unrestricted use to a swimming pool 3. Why does the man turn down the offer? A. He doesn't have extra money to spend. B. He never buys things over the phone. C. He doesn't need the service being provided.
I 4. What statement is true about the "do not call" list according to the collversation? 1 A. It will take four to six weeks to remove the man's name fi'om the lcompany's phone list.

B. The man might be called by another company representative! in the coming weeks. C. The man can request that his name be added again to the cOr(1pany'sdatabase.

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5. What is the man's lme? A. Mr. Philli~S

B. Mr. Jones

C. Mr. Willirs
I

PART THREE You have two minu es to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage again and fill in the blanks wit
Man: Hello. I
I

ONE word for each. You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES.

Telemarketer: Good ~vening, Sir. Is this Mr. Charles Philips? I

Man: Yes, it is.

Telemarketer: Well,

r. Phillips. This evening, I'm calling to (I) you a special discount on..

Man: Ah, no, let me uess. You want to sell a subscription to the newspaper or a great deal on (2) to Hawaii, right fiamenco (3) lessons. Telemarketer: No, n~, actually. . . Mr. Jones. [Huh?] Oh, sorry. That was the last guy. [Ah, great.] Uh, we wan to offer you a free trial (4) to our sports club downtown at the [Well,.. .]. Or, you want to offer me an unbelievable bargain on

introductory price of 39.95... Man: Thirty-nine nin ty-five?!? I thought you said free! Uh, (5). I'm not interested.

Telemarketer: Well, lit includes unlimited access to all our (6), including the gym, weight room, racketball couts, and swimming pool. Man: Again, I'm not Interested. I have my own (7) program I do around the house anyway. Telemarketer: Well, is is a once-in-a-lifetime deal. Man: Nah. Like I saif' I'll pass this time. And please put me on your "don~ call" (8). Telemarketer: Okay. kll take between four and six months before your name will be removed from our (9). [Monthf?!?] You might be called by another representative (10) that time. i Man: Ah, man. Ah, great. Telemarketer: Have, nice evening, Mr. Williams. Man: Ah, man.

*****

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TEST 10
PART ONE

I
TIMES.

You have two minutes to read the questions in advance. Listen to ~e passage carefully and answer the following questions. You will listen to the piece TH~E

I. Why must an interviewee find out all he can about a company?

1.........................
I .

2. What information about a company is an interviewee looking for?

'.........................
I

3. How does an interviewee help the interviewer?

:........

4. Does an interviewee need to ask the interviewer questions?

'I

...,;........

,
i

..

.-"......

5. What are the examples of an interviewee's questions? .........................

PART TWO You have two minutes to read the questions in advance. Listen to t e passage carefully and circle the best answer. You will listen to the piece THREE TIM S. INTERNET ACCESS I. How many hours of Internet access a month does this company providf? A. less than 150 hours B. between 151 and 300 hours C. more than 300 hours 2. What are the calling hours for technical support? A. from 7:00 a.m. to 12:00 midnight B. from 12:00 midnight to 12:00 midnight C. from 12:00 midnight to 7:00 p.m. 3. How much webspace does the company provide? A.13

118

B.30

C. 39

, I I

4. How much does ba~ic Internet access cost?

A. $19.95 B. $25.95 C. $29.95

5. What additional be~efit was NOT mentioned in the commercial? ,
. I A. free ema.l i I ,

B. content tiltrs
C. no start-upl fees PART THREE You have two minu and fill in the blan, TIMES. COLLEGE LIFE

t
I

s to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage carefully with ONE word for each. You will listen to the piece THREE

Maria: Oh, hi Dave. Uong time, no see! ! Dave: Hi Maria. I Was in the (1) , so I thought I'd drop by. I Maria: Come on in. [thanks.] Take a seat. Would you like anything to drink? I have Sprite or I Dave: Sprite would b~ fine. Vh, so, how have you been? Maria: Oh, not bad. A~d you? I Dave: Oh, I'm doing 9kay, but school has been really hectic these days, and I haven't had time i to (2)
I

orange juice.

Maria; By the way, w'at's

your (3)

anyway?
.

Dave: Hotel (4)

Maria; Well, what do rou want to do once you graduate? Dave; Vh... I haven'tl decided for sure, but I think I'd like to work for a hotel or travel (5)
.

in th~sarea. How about you? ,

119

(6)
.

Maria: Well, when I. first started college, I wanted to major in French,1but I. realized I might have a hard time finding a job using the language, so I changed majors to computer . [Oh]. With the right skills, landing a job in the comp~ter industry shouldn't
I

be as difficult.

: job to support yourselfthrouglj

I

Dave: So, do you have a (7)

school? [Wow] that

Maria: Well, fortunately for me, I received a four-year academic (8)

pays for all of my tuition and books. '!

Dave: Wow. That's great. Maria: Yeah. How about you? Are you (9) your way through '~chool?

Dave: Yeah. I work three times a week at a restaurant near campus. Maria: Oh. What do you do there? Dave: I'm a (I 0) Maria: How do you like your job? Dave: It's okay. The other workers are friendly, and the pay isn't bad.

120

TAPESCRIPTS

121

Tapescripts
TEST 1 Part One
Speaker I: The best t ing I've ever bought is my camera because I can look back at all my travels and the people I've m t, and it brings back memories that I can enjoy all my life. Speaker 2: The best t ing I've ever bought is a train ticket to Brighton because I met the love of my life as I was queui g in the buffet car. Speaker 3: Last week I bought some speakers for my Mac computer. They cost about 40, which is really good value. ou just plug them into your computer and get sound as good as many hi-

lis. This means I don' have to buy a DVD player to watch films as I can do it on the computer and have a great soun Part Two & Three [Phone ringing. . .] Bill: Hey, this is Bill. 'm sorry I'm not in. Just leave a message. [Beep] Hey Bill. This is H k. I'm just calling to let you know that I'll be a little late to the game tomorrow night. I hav to work a few extra hours at work to linish a report. I should wrap things up sometime between even and eight though. Oh, then I'm planning on dropping by Lisa's house for about an hour sine she's been sick recently. And, uh, one more thing. I'll swing by my house to pick up some food r the game. See you then.

TEST 2
Part one Speaker I: My very e pensive Prada bag. It was a luxury buy. I was attracted by its style and it cost me a lot of mone , far more than I would have spent before, but it's extremely well-made and

I suppose you could s y it's a timeless classic. I use it every day. It looks good in every situation
and for every occasion Speaker 2: I bought a ree seven years ago for my son's birth. It cost 30. Now it's a magnilicent tree. Its leaves change colour with the seasons. It provides shade; it's a home for birds. When it's bigger I'm going to build a tree house for the children to play in. Part two & three Secretary: Hello, Ulti ate Computers. May I help you? Caller: Yes, this is Ja k Kordell from Hunter's Office Supplies. May I speak to Elaine Strong, please?

122

Secretary: I'm sorry, but she's not in right now. Caller: Okay, do you know when she'll be back? Secretary: Uh, yes, she should be here later on this afternoon maybe, about 4:30. May I take a message? Caller: Yes. Ms. Strong sent me a brochure detailing your newest line f laptop computers with a description of other software products, but there wasn't any informatio Secretary: Oh, I'm sorry. Would you like me to fax that to you? Caller: Yes, but our fax is being repaired at the moment, and it won be working until around 2:30. Hum. . . could you try sending that information around 3:30? Th t's should give me time to look over the material before I call Ms. Strong, say, around 5:00. Secretary: Sure. Could I have your name, telephone number, and fax n Caller: Yes. Jack Kordell and the phone number is 560-1287. And the Secretary: Okay. Jack Kordell. Is your name spelled C-o-r-d-e-I?
Caller: No. It1s Kordell with a "K" and two "I's." K-o-r-d.e-I.I.II

about after-sales service.

ber, please? number is 560-1288.

Secretary: All right, Mr. Kordell.And 560-1288. Is that correct? Caller: Yes it is.

your phone number is 560-12 7, and the fax number is

Secretary: All right. I'll be sure to send you the fax this afternoon. Caller: Okay, bye. *****

TEST 3
Part one Recently we decided to open a new sales office in New York. First I finance department to discuss the project. We prepared a budget with involved. Then we collected information about possible locations for the new office. We considered two options ged a meeting with the

one in Greenwich Village and the other ne

Central Park. After doing

some more research, I wrote a report for the board of directors. Unfortunately, we made a mistake when we estimated the costs as the change rate changed, and

so we didn't keep within our budget. We overspent by almost 20 perce t. We had to rearrange the schedule for moving into the building because the office was not red of directors was unhappy because we didn't meet the deadline for December. It finally opened in January. However, we forecast sales first year. rated in time. The board pening the office by 15 f at least $500,000 in the

123

Part two & three Customs Officer: Ne . Vh, your passport please. Woman: Okay. Customs Officer: Vh, what is the purpose of your visit? Woman: I'm here to !tend a teaching convention for the first part of my trip, and then I plan on touring the capital for a few days. Customs Officer: An 'where will you be staying? Woman: I'll be stayin in a room at a hotel downtown for the entire week. Customs Officer: And uh, what do you have in your luggage? Woman: Vh, well, ju t, just my personal belongings urn, . player. Customs Officer: aka . Vh, please open your bag. Woman: Sure. Customs Officer: aka country? Woman: Well, yes d no. Actually, I was born here when my parents were working in the ... Everything's fine. [Great]. Vh, by the way, is this your first visit to the

. . clothes,

a few books, and a CD

capital many years ag , but this is my first trip back since then. Customs Officer: Well, enjoy your trip. Woman: Thanks.

TEST 4
Part one Let me start with sam basic facts about Tara. The company started in 1978. We are a familyowned business and a r head office is in Cordoba, Spain. We sell clothes for men and women, and our customers ar mainly fashion-conscious people aged 20 to 35. We have 15 stores in Spain. All of the stores are very profitable. Right, those are the ba ic facts. Let me add a few figu s. We have an annual turnover of about 260 million. Our net profits last year were approximat Iy 16 million. We have a workforce of just over 2,000 employees. So those are the numbers Now about our overseas stores. We have 4 large stores in France and another lOin other Eur pean countries. We are planning to open 5 new stores next year. What are our strengths? We kee up with fashion trends. If we spot a trend, we can bring out a new design in 15 days. And we ge it to the stores very quickly. We deliver to stores twice a week. And we

124

sell our designs at the right price. Part two & three Gary: Sam, could you review the results of the survey on leisure s need to plan out our proposal for this Friday's business meeting. Sam: Sure, Gary. I've summarized the results in the handout, brok down by consumer age rting activities again? We

groups and sporting activities. The survey was administered to 550 m n and women between the ages of 18 and 55 years old, and the results have been compiled in th following age groups: 18 to 26, 27 to 35, 36 to 45, and 46 to 55. According to the results, the m t active group involved in sporting activities are those between 18 and 26 years old, followed by Gary: Okay. Sam: As far as particular sports are concerned, people in these two g ups cited jogging as their
.

ose 36 to 45 years old.

favorite recreational sport followed by skiing, tennis, swimming, and c cling.

Gary: And what about these groups broken down by gender? Sam: Oh, Gary, thanks for bringing that up. Men appear to be slightly

ore active than women in

the 18 to 26 year-old age group, but women seem more active in the ot er three groups. Gary: Hmm. Based on what you have said, 1 think we should consider argeting the 18 to 26 yearold age group more in the future. 1 also feel we should consider ex nding our line of athletic

shoes, particularly jogging and tennis footware. We also have to com up with a more appealing slogan aimed at this age group. Sam: 1 see what you mean. However, when these results are compared three years ago, we can see a growing trend among older consumers-ith the survey carried out ose 14, I mean 46 to 55-

who are becoming more conscious and concerned about staying fit I believe this trend will continue, so we should focus on this group instead. Gary: I see your point Well, let's meet again on Wednesday to iron ou more of the details of this proposal.

..***
TEST 5 Part one Interviewe: Mi~ana, what is the key to successful marketing? Mirjana Ilic: I Well, the key to successful marketing involves many di erent things. Most people

would say successful marketing is just a good creative campaign. So ' e people would go further
than that and say it involves many good marketing communications, reaching the right people, clear marketing messages, and working well with sales teams to get th right sales channels. But the most common definition of marketing is just two words: customer rientation. What does that actually mean though? It really means four things: producing what c stomers want, when they

125

want it. at the right rice and in a way that's profitable for the company, and I believe in that definition very strongl . Interviewer: Could u describe a marketing campaignthat impressedyou?

Mirjana lIic: I Well, 'marketing is very much in my blood and it's my first love, so there are lots

of campaigns I come cross every day that really impress me. But I think the most memorablein
recent years has bee mobile technologies the Orange mobile phone campaign, partly because the whole area of nd mobile communications I find very interesting and incredibly exciting,

but partly because it was a great campaign in itself. It has the fantastic strap line 'the future's
bright, the future's 0 ange', which is so memorable and so meaningful for all segments of the , population. Part two & three Man: Okay, Mr. Tayl r, let's go ahead and begin. First of all, tell me about your last job. Mr. Taylor: Well, as sated on my resume, 1worked for five years at Hi Tech Computers.

Man: Okay. Hi Tech. And what do you know about computer networks and operating systems
including DOS, Wind ws, Macintosh OS, and UNIX?

Mr. Taylor: Umm . . . well. . . I did come in contact with computers every night at my last job.
Man: Hum! . . . And ow about web site authoring skills? [Oh]. We are looking for someone to create and manage ou company's web site which would include the development, configuration, and use of DOS, Win ows, Macintosh OS, and CGI scripts. Mr. Taylor: Umm . . . uh, web page, web page. Huh. . . 1 don't think I've read that book, and I'm afraid I've never used hose CGI things.

Man: Huh?! And wha' about experience with Java or JavaScript?

Mr. Taylor: Well. . . I think I've tried Java at a foreign coffee shop one time, if that's what you
mean. Man: Okay, Mr. Tayl r, I think I have ALL the information I need! Mr. Taylor: Oh, and I 'eally like computer games. I play them everyday. Man: Right, right. Th

, ks Mr. Taylor.

We'll be in touch.

TEST 6
Part one Interviewer: Could y u give an example of an unsuccessful campaign?

Mirjana llie: Well, I hink the most unsuccessful recent campaign for me was the one where an electrical goods man facturer tried to roll out a very simple sales promotion. Initially, if you

bought any electrical ppliance over a certain value, you were promised free flights with every
purchase. Now, altho gh initially this campaign did seem to be quite successful because sales

126

went up, in the end they had to stop the campaign because they simpl couldn't keep up with the. demand and they were overspending a lot on these prizes. So I thin basicaJly, from the early stages the campaign was badly planned, badly budgeted and it res Ited in a lot of negative publicity for the company. Part two & three Carpet: Hey you! This is your carpet speaking. Helllooo! Hey, I take a real ating from you and your

family everyday. The kids track mud all over me, the dog leaves a bun h of fur baJls everywhere. You spilt coffee the other day while entertaining guests, and your hu band left a trail of potato chip crumbs from the sofa to the kitchen last night while watching th football game. Don't you think it's about time to give me a good cleaning? Now pick upthat phone and call Master Cleaners now. I see them on t e TV aJl the time. They'll clean any three rooms for $29.95, and any connecting hall is free. P ,they'll throw in a free

bottle of their amazing stain remover. And if you caJl now, you'll recei e a 15% discount off their already low prices. So come on! Give them a call at 637-5001, and mak life forme a little easier. Vh, nice doggie, nice doggie. . .

.....
TEST 7
Part one Interviewer: And can you tell us about something that you planned we I?

Rebecca Stephens: I was reasonably happy with my planning of .the even summits, which was a project to climb the highest mountain on each of the seven continents Everest was one of those

having climbed that, I had four remaining mountains in order to a hieve that goaJ, and time the last mountain, which

was important for reasons of sponsorship, so I had to work back fro

was in Antarctica, which I couldn't climb until the month of Nov mber, so the other three mountains, I had to fit in between January, when I set out to do this, nd November, the date of the last mountain. And key to it, really, was communication with the eople that I was climbing with; they were scattered around the world and it was important to k p them in touch so they knew exactly what was to be achieved and by when. Part two & three Are you looking for appliances or furniture to give new life to your ho e? Look no further. Here at Frontier Furniture, we have everything you need to give your home a new look and feel. Stereos, video machines, refrigerators, light fixtures, dining room table name it; we have it! Low on cash? We have an easy rent-to-own pi washers and dryers. You that will put you in your

127

favorite sofa tonight. Big color TVs as low as two hundred and twenty-five dollars; digital pianos starting at three nin ty-nine ($399); king size beds from two hundred and fifty dollars. Free delivery on all major appliances. So come on down t Frontier Furniture. Located downtown two blocks east of city hall, across from Union Square. We're open daily from 10:00 AM to 9:30 PM. So, come on in, and let us make your dream ho e a reality. ***** TEST 8 Part one Interviewer: What istakes do foreign managers make when managing Asian staff, for example

Thais and Chinese? Kriengsak Niratpat anasai: Well, some international managers want their Asian staff to be

more forceful. Anoth r thing is, they want them to be able to deal with problems logically. And they want their stafft education be ambitious like them. I think they sometimes ignore the background, the between themselves and their staff. They may

and the cultural differences

underestimate the ski Is and abilities of their local staff because they are focussing too much on their weaknesses. Th managers have a tendency to jump to conclusions too quickly, and they tend to label all local taff as being the same. Pa rt two & th ree Merchant: Well hi th reo What are you looking for today? Customer: Uh, I'm ju t looking. Merchant: Well, how bout a ring from someone special? Customer: There is n one special. Merchant: Well, take look at this CD player. A great bargain today only.

Customer: Nah. I alre dy have one, plus the handle is cracked. Merchant: Okay. Wel what about this genuine leather jacket? It would look great on you. Customer: Hum. Let Merchant: Sure. Customer: Umm. The e are stains on the sleeves. I'll pass. Merchant: Well okay. Well, wouldn't you like to walk home with some of these great records? Some of the best hits rom the 1960's. Customer: Yeah, let's ee. [Yeah] Now here's something I'd. . . Ah, these records are scratched. e take a look at it.

128

Merchant: [Laughter] Just in a couple places. Listen. I'll sell you hese ten records for fifty dollars. A steal! Customer: Whoa! They're way too expensive. I'll give you twenty. five bucks for them. Merchant: Ah, come on. I can't charge you less than thirty dollars and reak even. Customer: Well, that guy over there is seIling similar records for a thanks anyway. Merchant: Wait, wait, wait, wait. You drive a hard bargain. Twenty. ight dollars, and that's my final offer. Customer: Huh. . . I'll think about it. Merchant: Wait, wait, wait, wait. Listen. I'll even throw in this vase. Customer: Now what am I going to do with a vase? Merchant: Well, you can give it to that someone special when you find her. . . and this ring would look great with it. Customer: Dh, I'll stick. with the records. uch better price [Ah!], so

**...
TEST 9
Part one The economy is stable following the problems of the past two y monetary policy the government has reduced the inflation mte to

. By

following a tight

percent. After going up

dmmatically, the interest mte is now down to 8 percent. The last six months has seen a slight improvement in the exchange mte against the dollar. The GDP h Exports are increasing and the balance of trade is starting to look much healthier. The unem loyment rate continues to be a problem as it is still 16 percent. In order to stimulate the ec nomy and attmct foreign investment the government is offering new tax incentives as well as reduce government aking a renewed effort to grown by 0.15 percent.

bureaucracy. Finally, a large skilled labour for e means there could be

attmctive investment opportunities over the next five years. Part two & three Man: Hello. Telemarketer: Good evening, Sir. Is this Mr. Charles Philips?
Man: Yes, it is.

Telemarketer: Well, Mr. Phillips. This evening, I'm calling to offer you

special discount on.

129

Man: Ah, no, let me uess. You want to sell a subscription to the newspaper or a great deal on airfare to Hawaii, ri ht? [Well, . . .]. Or, you want to offer me an unbelievable bargain on flamenco dance lesso s.

Telemarketer: No, no actually. . . Mr. Jones. [Huh?] Oh, sorry. That was the last guy. [Ah,
great.] Vh, we want a offer you a free trial membership to our sports club downtown at the introductory price of 39.95... Man: Thirty-nine nine y-five?!? I thought you said free! Vh, listen. I'm not interested. Telemarketer: Well, i includes unlimited access to all our facilities, including the gym, weight room, racketball court, and swimming pool. Man: Again, I'm not i terested. I have my own fitness program I do around the house anyway. Telemarketer: Well, t is is a once-in-a-lifetime deal. Man: Nah. Like I said I'll pass this time. And please put me on your "don't call" list. Telemarketer: Okay. t'll take between four and six months before your name will be removed from our database. [M nths?!?] You might be called by another representative during that time. Man: Ah, man. Ah, gr at. Telemarketer: Have a ice evening, Mr. Williams. Man: Ah, man. ***** TEST 10 Part one Interviewer: What ar the best ways to prepare for a job interview?

Colette Hill: It really helps if you look at it from the point of view of the interviewer. So, for example, before the i terview do your homework. Find out all you can about the company to show you're really int ested in the opportunity. You can look up how old it is, what it does, how many people it emplo s, how fast it's growing. Then at the interview, help the interviewer by answering their questi ns fully, but sticking to the point; don't talk for too long. Let them stay in control of the agend interviewer questions I think. And then there are other things like, it's important to ask the hich demonstrate that you are as interested in them as they are in you: for

example, 'What is you medium-term plan for the company?' or 'What is your policy on training and development?" Th se sorts of questions show you're potentially interested in staying, not just looking for a short-ter Part two Tired of waiting for a ebpage to download? contract.

130

Then, sign up for the hottest broadband highway to the Internet fr m Impact Solutions. We provide you unlimited monthly access, 24/7 technical support, 30 MB of free webspace for your personal or business site, and content filters to protect your family fr m objectionable material. Pricing starts at 29.95 a month. And with no set-up fees, you'll be roari g through the corridors of cyberspace. . . well, in time for when you really should be asleep. Contact Impact Solutions today to get the most out of your online expe ience. Part three Maria: Ob, hi Dave. Long time, no see! Dave: Hi Maria. I was in the neighborhood, so I thought I'd drop by. Maria: Come on in. [Thanks.] Take a seat. Would you like anything to drink? I have Sprite or orange juice. Dave: Sprite would be fine. Vh, so, how have you been? Maria: Oh, not bad. And you? Dave: Oh, I'm doingokay, but school has been really hectic these day relax. Maria: By the way, what's your major anyway? Dave: Hotel management. Maria: Well, what do you want to do once you graduate? Dave: Vh... I haven't decided for sure, but I think I'd like to work for this area. How about you? Maria: Well, when I first started college, I wanted to major in French, ut I realized I might have hotel or travel agency in and I haven't had time to

a hard time finding a job using the language, so I changed majors t computer science. [Oh]. With the right skills, landing ajob'in the computer industry shouldn't b as difficult. Dave: So, do you have a part-time job to support yourself through scho I? Maria: Well, fortunately for me, I received a four-year academic schol all of my tuition and books. Dave: Wow. That's great. Maria: Yeah. How about you? Are you working your way through scho I? Dave: Yeah. I work three times a week at a restaurant near campus. Maria: Oh. What do you do there? Dave: I'm a cook. Maria: How do you like your job? Dave: It's okay. The other workers are friendly, arid the pay isn't bad. ship [Wow] that pays for

131

SPEAKING

132

SPEAKING SAMPLE SPEAKING TASKS PART I The interview - about J minutes. In this part the interlocutor asks questions to each of the candidates in turn. You have to give information about yourself and express personal opinions. PART 2 'Mini presentation'

-about 6 minutes

In this part of the test you are asked to give a short talk on a business topic. You have to choose one of the topics below and then talk for about one minute. You have one minute to prepare your ideas. TOPICS
II What is important when recruiting new staff? You should say:

qualifications experience references

.
.

2/ What is important when renting office premises? You should say:

. .
.

size location
cost

3/ What is important when choosing a hotel for business visitors? You should say:

. . .
.
.

location

cost standard

4/ What is important when employing a secretary? You should say:

. .

experience skills
personal qualities

5/ What is important when going for ajob interview? You should say: knowledge of company appearance arriving on time

6/ What is important when making travel arrangements for a business trip? You should say:

convenience

133

! 7/ What is important when arranging entertainment for clients? You should say:

cost

comfort types of activities

Yenue

. . .
.

cost

8/ What is important when organising a meeting? You should say:

agenda length of meeting types of rooms

9/ What is importantwhen choosingsuitabletransport for a businesstrip? You shouldsay:

convenience cost-effectiveness enjoyment

10/ What is important when selecting employees for promotion? You should say: personal qualities

. .

currerit performance seniority

II! What is important when setting up a new business? You should say:

business plan

.
.

management experience
financial backing

12/ What is important when deciding whether to apply for a new post? You should say:

location
career prospects

.
.
.
. .

salary
course contents

13/ What is important when organising an in-house training course? You I should say:

participants selected budget

14/ What is important when recruiting senior staff? You should say:

.
134

age qualifications

.
.

experience

15/ Whatis importantwhen cutting productioncosts? You should say:

.
. . . .
.
.

material costs labour costs operating costs

16/ What is important when planning market research? You should say:

types of questions types of people types of products

17/ What is important when predicting profits? You should say: current sales figures market trends
advertising campaign

18/ What is important when deciding whether to obtain a further qualification? You should say:

. .
.
.
. . .

time commitment required career benefits interests

19/ What is important when placing a newspaper advertisement? You should say:

. .

newspaper sales figures

advertising costs

types of newspapers

20/ What is important when considering whether to invest in technology? You should say: benefits to the company costs involved personnel competence

135

PHANIII

SAMPLE TESTS

136

SAMPLE TEST 1

TRUONG DM HQC KINH TE TP. HO CHi MINH

...~-..._-_......_----------_......_---_..._---

DE THI TlENG ANH

" TRINH DO C ..

- MON

...

DOC VIET

..t'

H9 te n thi sinh: Nga y thang nam sin h: . Nga y ki~m Ira: sO'bao danh:
ChIT ky giam thi 1

....
................ ....... ....... ChITky giam thj 2 sO' pMch

x......................................................................................................................................................................... Di~m bling 56

DiEm b~ng chIT

Chit ky GV chfun 1 Chit ky GV chfun 2

sO'phach

PAPER ONE SECTION I:

READING COMPREHENSION

In this section you must choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. 1. He was in A. management of a large number of men. B. leadership C. charge D. direction

2. The bank won't lend you the money without some A. profit B. interest

that you will pay it back. C. charge D. guarantee some help. D. will have got

3. You will never finish that job by tomorrow morning unless you A.willget B. would get' C. get

4. You will not succeed A. unless A. sight 6. My employer's

A. meaning 7. He A. asked to 8. A. In advance B. belief

working harder. B. if B. view C. without C. presence ofmy work does not matter to me at all.
C. opinion
D. expression

D. although

5. The manager did not offer her the job because of her untidy

.............
D. appearance

being given a receipt for the bill he had paid. B. demanded C. insisted on D. required

accepting your job offer, I'd like to know a bit more about the company. B. In order C.Untii

D. Before
D. for a time

9. The new factory must be tinished I A. on time B. in times

as the profitability of the company depends on it. C. at time

137

...............................................................................................................................................................................................

10. The new manager explained to the staff that she hoped to and money. A. manufacture B. establish
.

new procedures to save time I

C. control
:...: C. disapproved

D. restore
immediately. D. dismissed

11. Workers who do not obey the safety regulations will be A. refused B. rejected

12. The company tried to make the most A. financial 13. Is there a bank where I can A. exchange B. turn B. cheap

use of its limited r~ources. C. bargain these pounds for dollars? C. alter D. arrange t~k over all his duties. C. deputy D. commander D. economical

14. When the manager went to Canada on business his A. caretaker B. officer

IS. The question oflate payment of bills was A. risen B. raised

again at the ~ard meeting. C. brought D. taken

SECTION 2: READING COMPREHENSION Read each passage carefully and then choose the one hest answers (A, B, C or D) to each question. Passage 1 As a member of the Electrix team, you know that Electrix is a world leader ill the field of electronics. But do you know that we are the leading manufacturer in Spain? Do you know that we have companies in Northern Africa, Europe, and North and South America? Do you know thai you are one of over 38,500 employees worldwide? By reviewing this report of Electrix's operations, you'll learn more about yk,ur company. Our very first manufacturing plant, SpanElectrix is still in Madrid and is our European heaqquarters. ,

Telecor Ltd. is in Rabat, Morocco, where our capacitors,semiconductordiodes and transistorsare manufactured. Electrix in South America, based in Caracas, Venezuela,prodlJcesmost of our satellite
138

communications equip ent as well as office equipment devices like answering machines and all types of telephone equipment. The most recent comp software and enhances ur sales and distribution outlets stretch from Venezuela to Egypt. y to join our ranks is the Softcomp Corporation. This organization designs new xisting packages. It is based in New York City where the main offices ofEleetrix

in the Americas are loc ted. I. In what country is EI ctrix the main producer of electronics?

a. Egypt c. Spain 2. Who is this report int nded for?

b. Venezuela d. Morocco

a. Competing E ropean electronics manufacturers b. Software eng neers c. Business sch 01 students d. Employees 0 Electrix 3. Which company in t organization is the newest member? b. Electrix in South America d. SpanEleetrix

a.Softcomp Cor oration

c. Telecor
4. Where have Electrix ompanies yet to be established? a. South Ameri a c. Asia

b. North Africa d. Europe

5. Where would an offi e intercom system be manufactured?

a. Madrid
c. New York Ci y Passage 2 The main topic of last

b. Caracas
d. Rabat

eek's meeting was suggestion boxes. All departments in the factory are to have

conspicuously labeled s ggestion boxes. At the meeting, it was obvious that the employees' suggestions would not only save the company money, but would do much to lift morale and streamline production. To further this process, the uggestion box idea was adopted. Forms for the suggesti ns are to be kept inside the box. When employees fill out a form, they should clearly state which situ tion they are trying to improve, list all pertinent data, and then offer a solution, stating how the campa y would benefit. Forms will then be collected each month by the department heads, who will then p s them on to the plant manager. Where necessary, the plant manager will consult with the respective dep rtments to gather any relevant data. If applicable, the matter will then be passed on to the finance depart ent for approval.

A bonus will be paid to mployees for any suggestions that are adopted. The amount of the bonus will be commensurate with the avings to the company.

139

I. What is the topic of the report?

a. A meeting
c. Production

b. Morale
d. A new system

2. Why has the company decided to use suggestion boxes? a. To take advantage of the employees' ideas b. To minimize complaints c. To take some of the burden off department heads d. To appease the finance department 3. How do the employees get the suggestion slips? a. By requesting them from department heads b. By applying to the plant manager c. By looking in the suggestion box itself d. By asking the director of finance 4. What is the plant manager suppOsed to do? a. Review each suggestion with the employee b. Issue bOnus checks c. Route all suggestions through the fmance department d. Compile data from other areas 5. What, specifically. should employees include in their suggestions? a. The names of troublesome coworkers b. The duration of the problem c. What they would consider to be an appropriate bonus d. A description of the point they are trying to remedy SECTION 3: READING CLOZE Complete the following passage with the missing words. Fill each blank with 0 E suitable word only.

Masayoshi San is the founder of SOFT BANK. Japan's leading software distri ution company. He was (I) in 1957 in a smalltown on Kyushu Island in Japan. His amily stayed there until he was nearly 13. then (2) moved to Hakata so that he could ( ) to a

better school. His family was very poor (4)

at that ime. Korean people were .

discriminated against. so he used to try and hide the fact that that he was (5) But that all changed three years later, (6) and university. He (7) affected his whole way of thinking (8) he had been nervous about being Korean and using (10) uses it all the time.

he went to the States to go to high school there from 1973 to 1979 and life. Before goin is experiences in the US (9) ........................... Korean name but now he

140

PAPER TWO: WRIT NG SECTION 1: CONTR LLED WRITING (10 marks)

From the following su ested words and phrases in the given sequences, make all the changes and additions necessary to p duce sentences, which together make a complete paragraph. Follow the example Example: Answer: my aun 1 born 1 England 1 nowl she! live I Perth I Australia 1 Myaun was born in England, but now she lives in Perth, Australia.

I. Unilever I British-Du ch company I head offices I Rotterdam and London.

............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................

2. It now I own I many

ell-known consumer brands, I include I Knorr, Lipton's tea, Omo, Dove 1 Lux.

............................................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................................ 3. Knorr I their biggest food brand 1 a strong presence lover 80 countries I a product range 1 include I soups, sauces, bouillons, noodles 1complete meals. ............................................................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................................... 4. Today it I employ 124 ,000 people I 57 countries I sells its products 1150 countries 1150 m customers. ............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5. Its worldwide tumove 12002/48,760 million euros.

............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6. It 1spend 1 2.3% 1 its t mover 1 Research and Development. ............................................................................................................................................................................ 7. It 1 have 1 two global d visions, 1 calli Food and Home I Personal Care. ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ 8. Over 50% I its sales I orne I Food Division. ............................................................................................................................................................................ 9. It I have II 0 regional usiness groups 1meet the needs I local markets.

............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ 10. This I makeI it 1 inte ational manufacturer 1 leading brands 1 foods, home care I personal care. ........................................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................ SECTION 2: SENTEN E TRANSFORMATION

Use the words given to r write each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the original EXAMPLE: ANS WER: entence.

I haven't njoyed myself so much for years. It's years since I enjoyed myself so much. 141

I. Joan will stay on at school unless she finds a good job before September. IL 2. 'John, please don't tell anyone my new address,' said Mary. Mary asked 3. Although he had a bad cold, William still went to work. In spite ............................................................................................................... 4. I regret that I didn't fmish my homework last night. I wish 5. I would prefer you to deliver the table on Saturday. I would rather ............................................ ........................ ............................................
~....................................

........................................... ...........................................

SECTION B: COMPOSITION Choose ONE of the following topics to write a composition. Use at least 1 0 words. Topic 1: A big salary is the only motivation to workers. Do you agree? Expla n your opinion. Topic 2: Write about the advantages and disadvantages of using a computer. ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ .................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ .................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ .......................................................................................................-..................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ .................................................. ............................................................-................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................ 142

RlfONG DM HQC KINH TE TP. HO CHi MINH

-----------------------------------DE THI TIENG ANH MON NGHE HIEU HI>ten thi sinh: Ngay thang nam sinh: Ngay ki~m tra: so' bao danh:
Chi? ky ghim thi 1

Chi? ky giam thi 2

so' phach

x:
... Dlem b ang so '
~

Di~m ~ng chi?

Chij ky GV ch~m 1 Chij ky GV ch~m 2

so' ph;ich

PAPER THREE PART ONE

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

You have two minutes to r ad the questions in advance. Listen to the passage carefully and answer the following questions. You w IIUsten to the piece THREE TIMES. I. What's Phil Knight's job t tie?
............................................................................................................................................................................

2 What kind of business is ~ ike?

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 What are his interests?

............................................................................................................................................................................

4. "'hat does he have on his I ft leg?

n'"

5 Is his office full of objects rom Austria?

,....................................................................................................................................

143

PART TWO You"have two minutes to read the qnestions in advance. Listen to the pas age carefully and circle the best answer. You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES. 1. This article is about ....................................... a. Lindsay Owen-Jones. 2. Mr Owen-Jones is .......................................
a. president.

b. L'Oreal.

c. cosmetics.

b.CEO.

c. a and b are correct.

3. His company's name is ....................................... a. Lindsay Owen-Jones. 4. He is .............................. a. British. 5. He is a. 57 6. Mr Owen-Jones has a a. small years old. b.65 ... salary. b.low b. L'Oreal. c. cosmetics.

b. French.

c. Parisian.

c.98

c. high

7. L'Oreal..............................
a. is an America'n company.
b. sells only in Europe. c. produces cosmetics.

8. Mr Owen-Jonesdoesn't ..............................
a. speak French. b. live in England. c. like sport.

9. MrOwen-Jones is ..............................
a. a large man.

b.a good manager. ........................

c. not married.

10. According to the article, Mr Owen-Jones enjoys a. sailing. PART THREE

b. travelling.

c. driving fast cars.

You have two minutes to read the questions in advance. Listen to the p sage carefully and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each. You will listen to the piece THREE T S. In the decade of the 1970s the United Nations (I) everal important meetings on the

human environment to study a very serious problem. We humans are destro ing the world around us.We are 144

using up all of our natura (2) children will have somethi g to live on. There are several (3) ...

. We must learn how to conserve them so that Our

parts to this problem.

.In 1700, there were 625 million peo Ie in the world. In 1900 there were 1.6 billion, in 19502.5 billion, and in 19604.4 billion. In the year 2000 th re will be 6.3 billion: More people need more water, more food, more wood and more petroleum. Petroleum: We are using u the world's petroleum. We use it in our cars and to (5) .............................. our buildings in winter. (6) to kill (7) use petrochemicals to make the soil rich. They use them that eat plants. These chemicals go into rivers and lakes and kill the fish

Population: Most problems of the environment come from population (4)

there. Thousands of peopl also die from these chemicals every year. Chemicals also go into the air and pollute it. Winds carry this (8)
.

...

air to other countries and other (9)

We now have the informati n and ability to solve these (10) this is not a problem for one country or one area of the world, but for all humans.

problems. However,

145

SAMPLE TEST 2

TRUONG D~I HQC KINH TE TP. HO CHI MINH

-------....---------....----..----------

DE THI TlENG ANH TRINH DQ C - MON DQC VIET HQ ten thi sinh: Ngiiy thang nam sinh: Ngay kiEm tra: so' baa danh: ChITky giam thj I

>

ChIT ky giam thi 2

so' phach

x
DiEm bAng so'

DiEm hg chIT

CM ky GV chiim I Chu ky GV chiim 2

so' phach

PAPER ONE SECTION I

RE DING COMPREHENSION

In this section you must ch ose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. J. (A) Because 2. They claim they (A) never been late 3. The final proposal (A) is going to prepare 4. The cook insisted that he. (A) tasting (B) to taste the com uter seemed like a good investment, they decided against it. (B) Although .......................... ( ) have never been late (C) have been late never (D) have been never late (C) However (D) But

the day aftertomorrow. (B) is prepared the soup. (C) tastes (D) taste to a reputable bank. (C) have gone (D) are going (C) is preparing (D) will be prepared

5. The exchange rate would h ve been better if they (A) had gone 6. When the transaction (A) fell through 7. The accountant had her... (A) to file 8. We hope to benefit (A) from B) onto B) is filing B) went

, the seller was astonished since he had felt that the buyer was satisfied. B) got off (C) turned in past records. (C) file the change of management. (C) at , they are never on time. (C) in addition ( ) professorial (C) professional (D) nevertheless in her field. (D) profess ; buy a compatible (D) to (D) filed (D) gave up

9. The buses are crowded an dirty; (A) for example

10. Her resume and recomme dations prove that she is a (A) profession

I J. First, determine which s ftware program will solve your problems; computer. 146

)<

..............................................................................................................................................................................................

(A) besides

(B) next

(C) on the other hand

(D) therefore

12. Consult a tax professional if you

(A) thought (B) think

you are entitled to this ded ction. (D) had been thinking (C) had thought necessity.
(C) financed (D) financial

13. A strong cash flow is a

(A) finance

(B) financier

14. Their boss will not let them (B) work (A) to work 15. A higher average ..
(A) interesting (B) interest

overtime.
(C) working (D) will work

rate accounted for about one-third 0 the financing costs.

(C) interested (D) interestingfy

SECTION 2 Questions 16-25. Read the passage and choose the best answers for the ques ions that follow. As the Millennium approaches, an economic earthquake is shaking powered by breathtaking technological advances, accelerating world trade and Economic values are being tom down. Vast new markets beckon. Ten ye 5 encompassed I billion people. Now, says U.S. Treasury Under Secretary Law exaggeration to say this is the era when 3 billion people entered the free-market. ' Yet the world is also entering an era of uncertainty and dislocation. Just as the Industrial Revolution unleashed forces that destroyed the old agricultural order, so the Information evolution is creating a new global division of labor with far-reaching consequences for the fortunes of nations and individuals. 10 The only certainty, perhaps, is the size and speed of change. The glo alized economy is one of 24-hour financial markets, huge split-second flows of international funds, and intense giant global corporations to locate their activities wherever it is economically mpetition as companies roam the ost advantageous. The traditional world for capital, labor, technology, raw materials, and markets. Mo~e flexible roduction techniques are allowing "industrial" countries, led by the U.S., are moving inexorably, though at iffering speeds, to service-based 15 economies. In the not too distant future, only I in 10 of their workers will be e ployed in manufacturing. e globe, producing an upheaval e spread of free-market policies. ago, the free-market economies ce Summers, "It is only a slight comparable to the Industrial Revolution that gave birth to the manufacturing a e. The Infonnation Revolution is

147

Many economists disruptions, that the chang

re confident that a bright era of world growth will emerge from the current are no more disturbing than the 18'" century moves from countryside to industry.

Service jobs replacing thos in manufacturing are by no means all low paid. They include banking, insurance, marketing, design, and com uter programming. 16. Which of the following i the main topic of the passage? (A) (B) (C) (D) The changing job market Changing financi I markets Global increase i employment Worldwide econo ic changes

17. The word "upheavaf' in ine 2 is closest in meaning to (A) convulsion B) revolution (C) agitation (D) explosion

18. It can be inferred from th passage that there will be more (A) (B) (C) (D) manufacturing in t e future global trade people employed i manufacturing free-lance workers

19. The author compares the nformation Revolution to A) (B) (C) (D) free-market econo ies the manufacturing ge

the Industrial Rev lution an economic age

20. The word "unleashecf' in ine 9 could best be replaced by (A) separated ( ) liberated (C) justified (D) divided

21. According to the passage, the globalized economy helps to (A) increase competitive ss

(B) cause corporate unce ainty (C) develop world travel (D) produce large compa ies 22. It can be inferred from the passage that the Information Revolution will (A) produce more industri (B) (C) help destroy manu~ cturing increase the speed 0 change

(D) create new jobs 23. The word "roam" in line I is closest in meaning to (A) walk ) cross (C) travel (D) discover

24. The word "they" in line 22 refers to (A) economists (C) changes (C) Lines 8 - II (D) moves

25. Where does the author men ion the economy in connection with employment? (A) Lines I -2 (B Lines 5 - 8 (D) Lines 21 -22

148

SECTION 3: READING CLOZE Complete the following passage with the missing words. Fill each blank with ONE sui ble word only. An encyclopaedia is a rich collection good (I) information about people, laces, things and- events. A

(2) is a treasure house of knowledge. We usually open an encyclopaedia when we are (3) for information on a special topic, but it is often fun just to turn over the pages and see (4) we can find by chance.

The best known, oldest and biggest encyclopaedia in English This was first published in weekly parts rew pence. There has recently now available, not

(5) th Encyclopaedia Britannica. (7) only a

1768 (6) and 1781. Each on

(8) a revolution in how encyclopaedias are p blished. Encyclopaedias are (9) printed on paper, but recorded on computer di cs. The fllSt was published

(10) 1986. Nowadays, many encyclopaedias are available in this way.

PAPER 2: WRITING SECTION 1: CONTROLLED WRITING (10 marks) From the following suggested words and phrases in the given sequences, make all the hanges and additiOns necessary to produce sentences, which together make a complete paragraph. Follow e example Example: my aunt I born I England I nowl she! live I Perth I Australia I Answer: My aunt was born in England, but now she lives in Perth, Australia. Dear SirlMadam, 1-2. II Vietnamese student I Ho Chi Minh City Universityl Economics I do I a Master's Course I Business Studies.

.................................
~ 3-4. II intend I spend I six months I England I January next year I prepare I Cambrid

.................................
e First Certificate.

.................................

.................................
5. Your college I recommend! to me I a fellow student.

................................. .................................
6. II like I details I First Certificate course I include I fees I dates.

.................................

.................................
7- 8. Could I you! also I let I me I know I if I you I provide I accommodation I me I righton I an English family.

........................................................................................................................................ .........................................................................................................................................
9. Thank I you I attention.

149

...................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................
10. I / look forward / hear / you / soon.

...................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................
Yours faithfully SECTION 2: SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION Use the words given to re rite each of the Collowing sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the original sentence. EXAMPLE: ANSWER: I. I haven't en oyed myself so much for years. It's years si ce I enjoyed myself so much.

"We're sorry that we h ve to delay the payment." said Mr. Janssen. ...........................................................................................................................

Mr. Janssen apologized

2. "If! were you, I'd make a formal complaint to get the compensation." he said to me. He advised... 3. Could you deliver the go ds to my home? Coul,! I have 4. Our supplier regrets not Our supplier wishes eeting our requirements. .......................................................................................................................... ........ ......

5. Finding suitable accomm dation might be difficult. It is SECTION 3: COMPOSIT N

Choose ONE of the Collowi g topics to write a composition. Use at least 150 words. Topic 1: Describe your working place and suggest some changes or improvements. Topic 2: Write about the advantages a d disadvantages of using a computer. .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................

.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................. ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... .................................................................................................. ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... ................................................................................................... 150

.....................................................-................................................

.....................................
, .....................................

1......................................

"t..................................... r.....................................

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1..................................... j..................................... ' 1..................................... j..................................... 1..................................... 1.....................................

,

1.....................................
j..................................... 1.....................................

:tn
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::: :::::::::: :::::: ::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::: :::: :::::::: :~::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::: ::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::r::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
....................................................................................................
'.'

....................................

~ ....

...
~

...

.
..

......... ....................................
. ... ! ....................................

..

j.................................... 1....................................

:::::':':.::::':::.::::':..:::::::::::::::::':::::::::::::::':'::::::::::::"::::::':::.:::::'::::1::::::::::::::::::::::
...................................................................................................
.................................... ....................................
!

::..:.::

!.................................... ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
151

TRUONG DM HOC KINH TE TP. He) CHI MINH

..--....------...---..---..----........-------

DE THI TlENG ANH TRINH DQ C - MON NGHE

HQ ten thi sinh: Ngiiy thang nam sinh: Ngiiy kim Ira: so' bao danh: Chi? ky gia m thi 1

Chi? ky giam thi 2

S6 phach

x
Dim bhg s6
EHm b~ng chi? Chit ky GV chfun 1 Chit ky GV chfun 2

so' pMch

PAPER THREE

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

(45 minutes)

Part One You have two minutes to read the questions in advance. Listen 10 the passage carefully and answer Ihe following questions. You williislen to the piece THREE TIMES.

1. Who is Mr. Edward Blake?

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2. What kind of business is Wipro?

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3. Who among his staff have become millionaires?

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4. Why have they become millionaires?

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5. Which of the following are his characteristics that influence the organisational culture? Tick the ONES you hear. simplicity 0 honesty 0 dedication 0

humility 0

flexibility 0

152

Part Two You have two minutes to read the questions in advance. Listen to the pIIssage and circle the best a~nswer.You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES. Nelson Ferreira works for an aircraft manufacturer. He is making a presen1ation to some people who are interested in buying aircraft. \. The part of the presentation which you hear is a) the introduction b) some basic facts that come before the main part. c) the main part d) the conclusion 2. The company is a) a state-owned company . b) a family-owned company c) a multinational company d) a company which has shares traded on the stock exchange 3. The customers are mainly interested in a) an executive jet plane b) military aircraft c) commercial aircraft d) aircraft in general 4. The country where the company is based is a) Brazil b) Vietnam c) America c) 1979 d) England

5. The year when the company was set up was a) 1969 6. In 1994, it was a) sold b) merged with another manufacturer. 7. Last year the gross revenue was a) $ 1.8 billion b) $ 3.8 billion 8. Last year the net earnings were a) $ 363 million b) $ 2.8 billion 9. At present the number of employees is a) more than 10,000 b) 3,000 10. In the last five years, the company has a) grown a lot b) grown a little 153 c) 5,000 d) more than 20,000
c) $ 353 million I d) $ 4.8 billion c) privatised d) reorganised

b) 1989

d) 1959

c) $ 4.8 billion d) $ 2.8 billion

c) stayed the same size

d) become smaller

Part Three You have two minutes to read the questions in advance. Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with ONE word for each. You will listen to the piece THREE TIMES.

system characterised by central planning and control. Then, in 1986, the policy of opening up the country to (2)

For years, Vietnam

had a classical

Marxist

(I)

forces

and

(3)

...............

can be seen everywhere. Take the city of Hanoi, for example. Ten years ago you could wander around on foot without (5)

investment was introduced. Twenty years later, the (4)

............................

itself was (6) and elegant, with lovely tree-lined avenues and many buildings.

about

traffic.

The

city

of great (7)

today is very different. Traffic has become a serious problem: Vietnam has over one million cars and over nine miIlion motorbikes, seVen times the number there were in 1990. Hotels and office buildings are (9)
up all over the city, and (10)

interest. The (8)

...................................................

rents in Hanoi are now as high as in Paris and 70% higher than in Sydney.

154