ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First, we would like to express our best regards to our project guide, Mr.Gladson G.M (asst. Proffessor,Dept of ECE) whose valuable guidance, encouragement, and provision of necessary facilities made this work possible.

Next ,I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards our seminar coordinators Mrs. Lijisha.P and Ms Chaithanya.We are also thankful to our respected Head of the Department Mrs Bindu.P whose help and shared knowledge was the main support to complete my seminar. I have furthermore to thank our principal Dr.M.R Vikraman who gave encouragement to go ahead with my seminar. Many thanks are owed to my classmates for their useful discussion and timely suggestions. Their technical support and encouragement helped us to finalize our project.

Our special thanks to who helped me alot through the problems that I came across. Im absolutely grateful to all non-teaching staff for their assistance which is key factor behind my success. I would also like to express our gratitude towards the college for providing us with the best facilities and proper environment to work on our project.

Finally I offer my great thanks and regards to our family for their support which helped us through the difficulty and hardships of life to earn this achievement.

FEROZ SHAH

ABSTRACT
Cancer is caused by damage of genes which control the growth and division of cells. Detection/diagnose/treatment is possible by confirming the growth of the cells and treated by rectifying the damaging mechanism of the genes or by stopping the blood supply to the cells or by destroying it. Conventional detection of the cancer is done by observing the physical growth/changes in the organ by X-rays and/or CT Scans and is confirmed by biopsy through cell culture. However, the limitation of these methods is that these are not very sensitive and the detection is possible only after substantial growth of the cancerous cells. Nano Particles (NP) being of a few of nano meters size and the cells being of the size of few microns, NP can enter inside the cells and can access the DNA molecules/Genes and therefore, there is a possibility that the defect in the genes can be detected. The conventional treatment options of cancer are surgery, radiation therapy and chemo therapy. However, all the these methods have their own limitations (in surgery one loses the organ and the cancer may appear again, in radiation therapy even the healthy cells get burnt, cancerous cells burning is not uniform and the burnt part may become dead and non functional, in chemotherapy treatment is harmful to healthy cells, approach is gross and rarely successful if the cancer is in advanced stage). In the nanotechnology methods, certain NP can be designed to absorb preferentially certain wave length of radiation and if they enters in the cancerous cells, they will burn them. Nanotechnology can be used to create therapeutic agents that target specific cells and deliver toxin to kill them. The NP will circulate through the body, detect cancer associated molecular changes, assist with imaging, release a therapeutic agent and then monitor the effectiveness of the intervention. In this paper, the details of these possible detection/ diagnose/ treatment methods of nanotechnology are presented. In addition the toxic effects of NP and their regulatory spects are also discussed.

A RESEARCH PAPER FROM

To harness the potential of nanotechnology in cancer, NCI and YALE is seeking broad scientific input to provide direction to research and engineering applications. In doing so, NCI will develop a Cancer Nanotechnology Plan. Drafted with input from experts in both cancer research and nanotechnology. NCI in supporting the interdisciplinary efforts needed to turn the promise of nanotechnology and the post genomics revolution in knowledge into dramatic gains in our ability to diagnose, treat, and prevent cancer. Though this quest is near its beginning, the following pages highlight some of the significant advances that have already occurred from bridging the interface between modern molecular biology and nanotechnology.

INDEX
a. Front page b. Certificate c. Acknowledgement d. Abstract e. Table of contents

I. II. III.

INTRODUCTION

Introductions .......................1 Nanotechnology...............................................1 Concept of nanotechnology...2

I. II.

CANCER

Biological aspects of cancer..3 Steps for changes in gene structure...3

I. II. III. IV.

TREATMENT OF CANCER
Current technology in treatment of cancer5 Chemotherapy...5 Radiotherapy.6 Disadvantage of radiotherapy...6


I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII.

IMPLEMENTATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Mab..8 Mab production9 How Mabs are used...10 Nanodevices10 Nanosensors13 Nanorobots..15 Nanorobot features..17

I.

IMPLEMENTATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN TREATMENT OF CANCER

Brownian movement of nanorobot..19

I. II. III.

CONCLUTION

Future trust..20 Latest achievement..21 Bibliography22

LIST OF FIGURES
SYNTHESIS OF MAB.08 MAB PRODUCTION...09 FUNCTION OF ATP12 NANOSENSOR13 NANOMOTOR.....18 BROWNIAN MOVEMENT OF NANOROBOTS...19

LIST OF TABLE
LASTEST ACHIEVEMENTS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY.21