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Abstract
1. Introduction
Bluetooth [1] is a representative technology for short range wireless communication. Bluetooth
enables cell phones, PDAs, and notebooks to be connected without wire and is used to form
Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN). Minimum communication unit of Bluetooth is
piconet that consists of one master and up to 7 slaves. To connect more than 8 Bluetooth device,
scatternet is proposed and researches are still in progress [3][4][5][6][8].
The goal of the most scatternet formation schemes proposed so far is either to minimize
scatternet formation time or to maximize the performance of formed scatternets. Traffic pattern
information is useful to construct an efficient scatternet [8], however it is very hard to reliably
estimate traffic pattern at formation time. In practice, a person will communicate more
frequently with persons belonging to same social group than with strangers belonging to other
social groups [2]. We can apply this observation to scatternet formation scheme so that the
resulting scatternet can be built more efficiently. We propose a scheme that Our idea is to forms
small sized scatternets of socially grouped devices and then interconnects these small groups
through tunnels. The proposed scheme enhances overall performance of tunneled scatternet
since devices that may communicate frequently will have low average path length.
A set of scatternets interconnected by tunnels is also a scatternet, so we can employ existing
metric when evaluating tunneled scatternets. We found that the existing metric is not useful
when evaluating interconnection of multiple scatternets. We propose a new metric that is more
suitable for the evaluation of tunneled scatternets and show that a tunneled scatternet that are
made by our scheme satisfies this metric. Tunneled scatternets formed by the proposed scheme
are able to share capacity more fairly among communicating peers than an existing scheme.
(Following section~)
2. Related Work
3. Design Consideration
3.1 Scenario
Our work is based on the following scenario. In a conference room, most participants have
Bluetooth enabled devices and these devices form a scatternet to interact in an ad hoc manner. A
person may enter or leave the conference room in the middle of session, so member of the
network may change frequently. Another characteristic of the network is that each person
belongs to one of social groups. (시나리오가 추상적이네요. 좀 더 구체적으로 쓰면 어떨까요?)
(CG가 고려 대상이 아니게 되었으니, 시나리오는 필요 없지 않을까요?)
Table 1. Performance comparison of group aware scatternets and group unaware scatternet
4. Proposed Scheme
19 19
51 50 49 50 51
19 19
50 50
46 49 50 50 46
19 19
19 19
LINK TUNNEL
(a)
57 57
153 150 98 150 153
57 57
150 150
LINK TUNNEL
(b)
Figure 1. Load per link
Based on load per link we can obtain total network flows. Total network flow is sum of
individual flow of each source-destination pair and individual flow means how much time a
pair can communicate per unit time. Individual flow of a pair is expressed as the reciprocal of
maximum load per link on their routing path. In some case, maximum total network flow leads
to low performance due to high average hop. Therefore we divide total network flow by
average hop count. It is final metric.
The relation between proposed metric and TCP throughput is depicted in figure 2. This
simulation also assumes that source-destination pair of intra traffic is twice compared to that of
inter traffic. A vertical axis is average value of TCP throughput of inter traffic from 20
experiments and a horizontal axis is metric value of given tunneled scatternet. We can insist that
proposed metric is suitable for evaluating tunneled scatternet since proposed metric and TCP
throughput of inter traffic has correlation.
5. Evaluation
6. Conclusion
7. Reference
(IEEE 방식에 따라 바꿔야죠~)
[1] Bluetooth Specification Version 1.1, Bluetooth Special Interest Group,
http://www.bluetooth.com, February 2001.
[2] B. Wang, J. Bodily, S. K. S. Gupta, “Supporting Persistent Social Groups in Ubiquitous
Computing Environments Using Context-Aware Ephemeral Group Service,” in Proceedings of
the Second IEEE Annual Conference on PERCOM 2004.
[3] C. Petrioli and S. Basagni, “Degree-constrained multihop scatternet formation for bluetooth
networks,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Globecom 2002, Taipei, Taiwan, November 2002.
[4] Z. Wang, R. J. Thomas, Z. Haas, “Bluenet - a new scatternet formation scheme,” in 35th
Hawaii International Conference on System Science (HICSS-35), Big Island, Hawaii, January
2002.
[5] F. Cuomo, G. Di Bacco, T. Melodia, “SHAPER: a self-healing algorithm producing multi-hop
Bluetooth scatternets,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Globecom 2003, San Francisco USA,
December 2003.
[6] G. Tan, A. Miu, J. Guttag, H. Balakrishnan, “An efficient scatternet formation algorithm for
dynamic environments,” in IASTED International Conference on Communications and
Computer Networks, Boston, MA, November 2002.
[7] T. Melodia, F. Cuomo, “Ad hoc networking with Bluetooth: key metrics and distributed
protocols for scatternet formation.” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 109–202, Apr. 2004.
[8] M. Kalia, S. Garg, R. Shorey, “Scatternet structure and inter-piconet communication in the
bluetooth system,” in IEEE National Conference on Communications New Dehli, India, 2000.
[9] G. Tan, “Blueware:Bluetooth Simulator for NS.” MIT Lab. Comput. Sci., Cambridge, MA,
October 2002.