Introduction:According to the modern science, a black hole is a region of space from which nothing, including light, can escape.

It is the result of the deformation of space time caused by a very compact mass. Around a black hole there is an undetectable surface which marks the point of no return, called an event horizon. It is called "black" because it absorbs all the light that hits it, reflecting nothing, just like a perfect black body in thermodynamics. Under the theory of quantum mechanics black holes possess a temperature and emit Hawking radiation.

Highlights:
History of black hole:
The idea of a body so massive that even light could not escape was put forward by geologist John Michell in a letter written to Henry Cavendish in 1783 to the Royal Society in 1796. Physicist John Wheeler is widely credited with coining the term black hole in his 1967 public lecture.

Formation of a black hole:

As a star ends it life, much of its mass is thrown out in a supernova explosion or in a planetary nebula, and what remains after this process is called the STELLAR REMNANTS. Some stars may end their life as white dwarfs, while other collapse to neutron stars and still others are doomed to crunch all the way down to a BLACK HOLE.

General Theory of Relativity and Black Holes:

General Theory of Relativity describes how space and time are distorted by the presence of massive bodies. Here the universe is viewed as 4-D, the three spatial dimensions and time. Mass distorts space-time and the universe with no mass has no distortions in space-time.

Space Time Singularity:

During the death of a massive star the stars matter becomes compressed, so the density and gravity become enormous and escape

velocity from its surface equals the speed of light. So the dying star disappears into the cavity leaving behind only a black hole.

The Event Horizon:

Surrounding the black hole where the escape velocity from the hole just equals the speed of light is the event horizon, which is also known as Surface of a black hole.

Evidence of Black Holes:

In 1994 the Hubble space telescope data produced an unprecedented measurement of the mass of an unseen object at the center of the giant elliptical galaxy M87. With more precise measurements available recently the evidence for a black hole Cygnus X-1 is very strong.

Multi Universe:

Multi Universe is the wild possibility that it might be a gateway to another universe that tenuously attaches to ours only at a black holes center i.e. where time in our universe comes to an end time in the attached universe just begins.

Holes:

Since a black hole is a region of space from which nothing can escape i.e. a black hole can only suck things in, while a white hole can only split things out. White Hole are a perfectly valid mathematical solution to the equation of general relativity, but that doesnt mean that they actually exists in nature. The combination of black and white holes is called Worm Hole.

Modern View on Black Holes:

The failure of all the existing laws of physics and the end of space-time at the black holes are the some of the unsolvable problems that we face today.