GEOGRAPHY Document sources of Philippine history "...

..when the Spaniards came to these islands, there was a great abundance of provisions, such as are produced in the country; namely, rice, beans, fowls, swine, deer, buffaloes, fish, coconuts, bananas, and some other fruits, wine, and honey "...among them there was gold... Others run away and hide in the mountains The Indolence of The Filipinos when the Spaniards reached the island of Panay, there were on it 50,000 families but this number was reduced to 14,000 tributaries The fact is that in tropical countries severe work is not a good thing as in cold countries The History of the Filipino People Natatag ang Maynila bilang punong lungsod ng Espanya sa Pilipinas The History of the Filipino People Bagumbayan (Luneta) Lagyo (approximately the site of the present Playa Militar, between Malate and Ermita) Inferences The Philippines was indeed rich in resources when the Spaniards first came. However, the oppression of the Spaniards caused the decline in resources. The natives were overworked and underpaid. Moreover, the amount of time that was spent out on the fields was not suitable to the climate of the country because it was very hot. The weather was not viewed as good and productive as it used to be. Consequently, the natives sow less and reaped less. The

population of the natives also decreased due to the recruitment of the Spaniards for their personal gain. ECONOMICS Document sources of Philippine history ...until the Spaniards introduced the use of money from which no little harm has come to the country. Wine and rice are measured by the ganta, which is equivalent to a quarter of a celemin in our measure. The prices which articles have brought after the Spaniards introduced silver coins which are, as a rule, tostons, as the fourreal pieces are called are as follows: (four) hundred gantas of rice (for one toston); for another, a hundred of wine; and for another, twelve, fourteen, or, sixteen fowls; and other things in proportion. Sometimes they do not go at harvest time to collect the rice which they say belongs to your Majesty, but only when it is very dear; and then they require it to be sold for the price which it was worth when they harvested. "As they came poor, and as the salaries are small, they have taken away time for harvesting rice; and they buy up all other provisions, and many profit by selling them again. In this way everything has become dear, because, as the Indians were forbidden to trade and traffic, they sell at whatever price they wish." "Moreover, the pay that is given them is very small; for they give each man only four reals a month-and this is so irregularly paid that most of them never see it. "As for the means of collecting rice, the alcade-mayor or his deputy divides among the chiefs two, three, four or more taels of gold which is a certain weight worth five pesos, and orders that so many gantas of rice becollected for one toston." "Some they compel to pay it in gold, even when they do not have it."

 "Others make them pay cloth or thread." Indians brought their products to the gates, and sold it at very low prices The Indolence of The Filipinos the only two countries with which the Philippines continued to have relations were, China , Mexico, or new Spain and from this trade only china and a few private individuals in manila got any benefit The coastwise trade , so active in other times, had to die out, thanks to the piratical attacks of the Malay of the south; and trade in the interior of the islands almost entirely disappeared, owing to restrictions, passports demanding 400 measures (cavanes?) of rice, 20 pigs, 20 goats, and 450 chickens. plants his crops and invests his meager fortune in the furrows made others give up their merchandise Frailocracy in the Philippines Monastic properties are subject to land titles of ten per cent and the increase in their income ought to favour the government treasury, but does it perchance? The Filipinos pay direct taxes consisting of the personal cedula, ** urban tax, industrial subsidy and additional municipal tax, provincial tax, and personal loan; and besides these, the indirect one of the markets, vehicles, horses, stamps and subcharges, slaughter of cattle, river tolls, and others. Numerous are the regulations pertaining to the manner of supplying their need for wine, oil, and other things of the kind. The Philippine government lacks resources to undertake public works; on the other hand, the monastic orders build grand and costly convents in Manila.

 The amortization of lands is fatal to agriculture everywhere. Experience and economics have shown the need for laws of disentail. The ready-made belt without priestly blessing costs and is sold at four or five pesos a hundred, but the moment the priest blesses it and the belt passes on to the class of spiritual things and becomes an object of papal and episcopal indulgences, from that moment its price rises one hundred per cent at least. To the new member of a confraternity it is sold at sixty- two cents, four eights of a peso each belt, the price going down until twenty- five cents minimum when the buyer is an old customer. Historia Naging matindi ang pangangailangan ng mga hilaw na materyales ng mga bansang industriyal tulaf ng Inglatera, Pransiya. Ayon sa pilosopiya ng merkantalismo, ipinagbawal nito ang pangangalakal ng ibang bansa sa mga konlonyang pagmamay-ari ng isang mananakop. Kapitalismo Pagpapahinto ng kalakalang galleon noong 1815. Simbolo ng pag-iral ng merkantilismo sa Pilipinas Binuksan ang Maynila sa pandaigdigang kalakalan noong 1834 Panluwas o export crops Cash crop of export crop economy Bigas, asukal, abaka, tabako, at indigo Kalakal o manufactured goods Nadagdagan ang bangko at nabuksan ang serbisyo ng koreo sa pagitan ng Maynila at mga probinsya. Sancrotum buwis sa simbahan

 Falla ang salapi na ibinabayad upang makaiwas sa Polo y Servicio Hacienda Suez Canal noong 1869 Kilusang propaganda o kilusang repormista Labis labi na paniningil ng buwis at sapilitang paggawa Kartilla sa katipunan Laissez faire na sinimulan ng pilosopo-ekonomistang si Adam Smith. Monopolyo ng Tabaco Divine at impera The History of The Filipino People Barrio government rested on the cabeza de barangay whose main role was at tax Cedula personal or personal identity paper (tribute-buwis) Bandala tax collected Encomienda The Manila-Acapulo Galleon Trade Inferences The natives were forced to pay taxes to the Spaniards. However, their taxes do not benefit them; there were neither improvements nor developments in their lives. In fact, it was exactly the opposite. When the natives needed to buy something, the articles were overpriced and the costs were unreasonable. The only good thing that benefited the Filipinos at that time was the introduction of money. Instead of trading articles, they were introduced to coins. There were also certain distractions in the economy of the Philippines back then. For example, the attacks of the pirated Malays from the south had to hinder trade.

The following are the changes in the economy under the Spaniards' rule: They use gold for trading (merkantailismo), * Filipinos became independent with the adaptation of capitalism, Suez Canal was opened.Manila was officially opened to international trades, the shipping industries bloomed, and Filipinos lessened their involvement in agriculture [little did they plant crops]. Instead, cash crops/ export crops were highlighted. Raw materials were our major products, and they have forgotten about industrialization. The countries depended on manufactured goods for a while. POLITICAL Document sources of Philippine history Before the governor, Don Gonzalo Ronquillo came, there were not more than three or four alcalde-mayors in all these island; but now there are sixteen and most of them are men who came with him. Last year the governor ordered that twelve thousand fanegas of rice be taken from La Pampanga for your majesty, and that the Indians should give three hundred gantas for one toston. But the real evil is that the governor, master-of-camp, alcalde mayors, your Majestys officials and other persons to whom these wish to give it, all consume it at this same price, and they also collect it at this price for the hospitals of the city. The Indolence of the Filipinos People(s) and governments are correlated and complementary; a fatuous government would be an anomaly among righteous people, just as a corrupt people cannot exist under just rulers and wise laws. Like people, like government, we will say in paraphrase of a popular adage. the governments neglect of agriculture and commerce led to their decline. The natives were not allowed to go to their labors, that is, their farms, without permission of the governor, Frailocracy in the Philippines

The friars control all the fundamental forces of society in the Philippines.

The influence they now exercise is purely artificial in nature. Their strength to carry on emanates from the government. The chief among them are law making, which, in time, will do away with theocracy; economic progress, which will do away with amortization; and progress of scientific medicine, which will replace of scientific medicine, which will replace mystic healing-all of these are the consequence of vows. However, the support of the government to the friars did not produce. Historia Hanggad nila na magkaroon ng kalayaan at karapatang political na tanging mga espanyol lamang ang nagtamasa sa Pilipinas Repormista o Kilusang propaganda Pag-aaklas Kongreso ng Espanya (Cortes) Gobernador heneral pinakamakapangyarihang pinuno Alcade mayor pinakamataas na local na pinuno Cabeza de barangay Pagtutulungan ng pamahalaan at simbahan Mayroon din naming mga pinuno na mabuti. Halimbawa: Gobernador heneral Jose Bacio Y Vargas The History of the Filipino People Alcadia (encomienda), provincial hukuman (later called lalawigan), was the alcade mayor (provincial governor) As captain-general of the colony, the gobernador-general was commander-in-chief of the army and navy.

 Inferences The country was colonized and obviously the government was run by the Spaniards, specifically the friars. The King of Spain assigned governors, alcaldes, and other government officials to handle the country. In the Indolence of the Filipinos, we can see that people and government are complementary to each other. However, the government was corrupt. The friars, too, had a big influence in the country. In fact, they controlled all the fundamental forces of the Philippines. Despite the illusion that friars and the government are in-close relations, it actually isnt as stated from the frailocracy in the Philippines the support of the government to the friars did not produce. INTELLECTUAL/ TECHNOLOGY Document sources of Philippine History The prices which articles have brought after the Spaniards introduced silver coins which are, as a rule, tostons, as the fourreal pieces are called are as follows: (four) hundred gantas of rice (for one toston); for another, a hundred of wine; and for another, twelve, fourteen, or, sixteen fowls; and other things in proportion.

...until the Spaniards introduced the use of money from which no little harm has come to the country. Wine and rice are measured by the ganta, which is equivalent to a quarter of a celemin in our measure. One is to dispatch for the Indians who are to row in a galley or frigate of a sailor they also collect it at this price for the hospitals of the city compelling them to work in mines, to cut timber in the forests, and to serve as rowers and soldiers in military expeditions. they sow little and reap less, and less have no opportunity to attend religious instruction The Indolence of the Filipinos

 Which is the indolent, the native coadjutor, poorly paid and badly treated, who has to visit all the indigent sick living in the country, or the friar curate who gets fabulously rich, goes about in a carriage, eats and drinks well, and does not put himself to any trouble without collecting excessive fees? ...the natives are the best sailors and most skillful rowers on the whole coast... ...thousands and thousands of native archers and rowers were recorded to have embarked... It was necessary to construct new and large ships, which as we have seen, costly as they were to the country. New towns have grown up while others have become impoverished We cite those of other Filipinos who write in newspapers Frailocracy in the Philippines In short, all progress of the sciences will shut out dogmatism and the magister disit (the master says so), theocracy, amortization, and gifts and offerings in consequence of vows which are the bases of the political and financial supremacy of monasticism in the Philippine archipelago. They control the minds of the people because in a dominantly Catholic country, the parish rectors can utilize the pulpits and confessionals to publicly or secretly influence the people. Rizals Noli Me Tangere was received very favorably in these islands. The novel points out many vices of the friars. Jose Rizal, the most cultured of the reformist group, called Del Pilars work as one that had no chaff; it is all grain. Ignorance and fanaticism encouraged by the monastic institution and ignoring the claims of blood relations as if they were contrary to divine law have been responsible for centuries for the immense number of disinherited families.

 Historia Kaisipang nasyonalismo o pagkamakabansa Pag-unlad sa imprastraktura at teknolohiya lalo na sa agrikultura at pangangalakal Nagpatayo ng mga gusali tulad ng simbahan, kumbento, bahay pamahalaan, palengke, sementaryo Nagsimula ang paggamit sa Pilipinas lalo na sa Maynila ng Elektrisidad, telepono, telegrapo, at maging tren sa transportasyon Sugar Mill The History of the Filipino People Construction of colonial churches & convents made of stone. Ferrocarril de Manila only railway in the archipelago Puente Colgante (Quezon Bridge) first suspended bridge in the Far-East. The telephone in Manila, though in a very limited scale, begun functioning since 1890. Public lighting system in Manila and suburbs using coconut oil Inferences With the evidences that the presentation has showed, the reader can see the oppression that the Spaniards exposed to the Filipinos. First, the Filipinos were shoved into forced labor. In fact, they were asked to work in mines, cut timber, and serve as either rowers or soldiers in military expeditions. Although the Filipinos advanced in terms of the jobs that they have, theyre work is forcibly being swallowed unto them by the Spaniards. Second, the friars came along in the country. They believe that all progresses in the sciences will stop asserting opinions in an arrogant manner. Rizals famous work had been flourished back then; it also exposes the friars wrongdoings. Thus, reform groups emerged. Reform groups were already present (That was after a few years after since the colonization of the Spaniards) Rizal and Del Pilar were

associated with the reform groups. Third, the Philippines was under technological transformation. To support this statement, 'The History of the Filipino People shows us that the telephone was already introduced. Plus, there already was a public system. Buildings were made stronger through the use of stone. Fourth, the Filipinos were now open to the idea of nationalism. They had the urge to do something for the country. In fact, as stated before, reform groups were already coming alive. SOCIAL Document sources of Philippine history In this way everything has become dear, because, as the Indians were forbidden to trade and traffic, they sell at whatever price they wish. When a long expedition is to be made, the wrongs which they suffer are many. One is to dispatch for the Indians who are to row in a galley in a ship or frigate of a sailor who has neither piety nor Christian feeling. The Indolence of the Filipinos Add to these fatal expeditions that wasted all the moral and material energies of the country, the frightful inroads of the terrible pirates from the south, instigated and encouraged by the government, first in order to get complaint and afterwards disarm the islands subjected to it, inroads that reached the very shores of Manila, even Malate itself. The only two countries with which the Philippines continued to have relations were China, Mexico, or New Spain and from this trade only China and few private individuals in Manila got any benefit. The coastwise trade , so active in other times, had to die out, thanks to the piratical attacks of the Malay of the south; and trade in the interior of the islands almost entirely disappeared, owing to restrictions, passports The friars in the Philippines have now come to be a symbol of obstruction to progress.

 The first thing noticed by Pigafetta, who came with Magellan in 1521, on arriving at the first island of the Philippines, Samar In the treaties of peace that the survivors o Magellans expedition made with the chief of Paragua, when the servantinterpreter died, they communicated with one another through a Moro who had been captured in the islands of the king of Luzon and who understood some Spanish. The frightful inroads of the terrible pirates from the South, instigated and encoured by the government. These piratical attacks continually reduced the number of the inhabitants of the Philippines Frailocracy in the Philippines ...the friars have all the material means of attracting the people to them, their positive moral influence over the people still becomes a topic for debate. the friar no longer influences the Filipinos mind. He inspires, it is true, terror to a powerful association which can make particular arrangements so as to destroy the peace of mind and tranquility of any citizen. What is the meaning of the thousands of people from all classes of society when they flock to the churches to participate in the novenas (nine days prayer in honor of patron saints) and to listen to the priests explain the Gospel. The Filipino woman is the valve to be lifted if we want to get an accurate information about the friars in the Philippines Historia Peninsulares at Insulares Class media o panggitnang-uri Principalia, inquilino, mestisong espanol Illusrado

 The History of the Filipino People Consulados (merchants with consular duties and rights) Polo y servicio Inferences Trade has become a living of the Filipinos before the Spaniards came. Through trade, they had close encounters and contacts with their neighboring countries. However, when the Spaniards began colonizing our country, they limited the countries of whom the Filipinos are allowed to trade with. In the Document Sources of Philippine History, it has been stated there that the Filipinos were forbidden to trade; rather, they were encouraged to sell at whatever price they wish. ARTISTIC/ CULTURAL The Indolence of the Filipinos their ethics and their mode of life were not what is now complacently attributed to them the great number of fiestas, the long masses for the women to spend their mornings and the novenaries to spend their afternoons, and the night, for the processions and rosaries they say yes with the mouth and no with the heart. natives sold by some encomenderos to others, those flogged to death, the women who are crushed to death by their heavy burdens, those who sleep in the fields and there bear and nurse their children and die bitten by poisonous vermin, the many who are executed and left to die of hunger and those who eat poisonous herbs.. and the mothers who kill their children in bearing them. their wives are abandoned when dying, the husband being compelled to go away to row. The Indians are put into irons on the galleys, and flogged as if they were galley-slaves or prisoners. Frailocracy in the Philippines

 These prove that the influence of the friars over the people is still at its summit, and will undoubtedly be for some time yet, despite the secret maneuvers of an underground filibustering. These mean that the Filipino woman-mother of the Filipino family who, in the Philippines, represents everything-still professes respect for the religion of her forebears and for the ministers who preach it. The Filipinos, who can measure up with the most active peoples in the world. Historia Infieles o pagano (novenaries, rosaries were introduced) Frailocracia pangingibabaw ng kapangyarihan ng mga prayle Ang mga misyonero, katulong ang pamahalaan, ay nagtatayo ng (simbahang bato) Polista ang mga taong inaasahang magputol ng malalaking punongkahoy Napapabayaan hindi lamang ang agrikultura at iba pang kabuhayan sa bansa Monopolyo ng Tabako, Bandala at Tributo Bagamat malakas pa rin ang impluwensya ng kulturang Espanyol sa lipunang Pilipino. Akulturasyon hinangad ng mga alkulturadong Pilipino na maging Espanyol. Asimilasyon pagaangkop ng isang bagong kultura sa katutubong kultura para makabuo lang ng isang bagong kultura Makikita sa ilang putahe ng pagkain ang paghalo ng katutubo sa mga lutuing sinasabi galling sa mga Espanyol tulad ng meudo, adobo, pochero at mechado.

 Pinagbubuklod ng ilang katangiang etniko o cultural tulad ng lahing pinagmulan, wika, relihiyon, kaugalian at tradisyon at naniniwalang silay magkakalahi o magkaka-uri at natatangi mula sa iba. Cabesebera disenyo o kaayusan ng paninirahan Donativi o sabong Kasuotang European Pagpupumulit pumiti Paniniwala kay Kristo Santo Fold Catholism Tula The History of The Filipino People Flores de Mayo or santa Cruzan, sinakulo (passion play), Christian versus Muslim conflict drama (moro-moro) Moro-moro, moriones, and the image of the Black Nazarene of Quiapo. Adoption of Hispanic names. Spanish introduced but already indigenized dishes as the adobo, menudo, sarciado, puchero, or mechado, The kanggan and bahag (loin-cloth) were transformed into the barong tagalong or camisa chino and trousers, respectively. Compael Tazgo (ritual parenthood) Folk, as well as colonial art persisted with the Spanish colonization. Inferences

 Before the Spaniards came, Filipinos knew nothing of gambling; in fact, the Filipinos were very honest beings. This showed during their transactions with the Chinese, wherein the Filipinos would give back change or ask back for the money that the Chinese had already forgotten about. But since the Spaniards colonized the country, gambling had its promise of sudden wealth. The Filipinos were hypnotized into thinking that gambling will be of a great deal to them. Since the colonization of the Spaniards, the Filipinos were forced to work; thus, causing the Filipinos to run away and hide in the mountains. In addition to this, the Filipinos were not given any time for rest; all their time was devoted into serving the Spaniards. RELIGION Document sources of Philippine history Consequently, they sow little and reap less, and less has no opportunity to attend religious instructions. It sometimes happens that while these miserable creatures are being instructed for baptism the Spaniards force them to go to the tasks that I have mentioned; and when they return they have forgotten what the knew for this reason there are today many Indians to be baptized. One is to dispatch for the Indians who are to row in a gallery or frigate of a sailor who has neither piety nor Christian feeling. And these people the Spaniards call pacified, and say that they have submitted to your Majesty. And without telling them more of God and of the benefits which it was intended to confer upon them, they demand tribute from them each year. As soon as the Spaniards have subjugated them, and they have promised to pay tribute (for from us Christians they hear no other word than Pay Tribute), they say no natives, You must give so much a year. These injuries the Spaniards inflicted in all places until recently. In this district of Manila there is not so much of it now because many of the natives are already Christians, and there are religious among them, and affair are in better order I shall not omit to mention here a thing which is full of reproach to the Christians who have lived here, and even to all of us who hear it- namely, that the natives of these islands have been, from

ancient times, infidels, of whom there are many now in this and other islands. Moreover it is known that the reason which they give to our shame and confusion is that they were better treated by the preachers of Mahoma than they have been and are by the preachers of Christ. Since, though kind and gentle treatment, they received that doctrine willingly, it took root in their hearts and so they leave it reluctantly. But this is not the case with what we preach to them, for, as it is accompanied with so much bad treatment and with so evil examples, they say yes with the mouth and no with the heart, and thus when occasion arises they leave it, although by the mercy of God, this is becoming somewhat remedied by the coming grievances cease in some places. A religious assured me that it was gold received from his ancestors; but the Indian could not help himself. The Indolence of the Filipinos the long masses for the women to spend their mornings and the novenaries to spend their afternoons, and the nights for the processions and rosaries. children are the most ill-mannered. Whether they believe in miracles to palliate their laziness or they are lazy because they believe in miracles, we cannot say; but he fact is the Filipinos were much less lazy before the word miracle was introduced into their language. ...recall then that the doctrine of his religion teach him to irrigate his fields in the dry season, not by means of canals but with amasses and prayers; to preserve his stock during an epidemic with holy water, exorcisms and benedictions that cost five dollars an animal, to drive away the locusts by a procession with the image of St. Augustine, etc. Frailocracy in the Philippines What is the meaning of the thousands of people from all classes of society when they flock to the churches to participate in the novenas (nine days prayer in honor of patron saints) and to listen to the priests explain the Gospel.

 To improve our assertion, it is sufficient to observe at night, during the month of May, the thousand and one colorful processions in honor of the Holy Cross in the streets of Manila, the provinces and even in the remote towns. These festivities are organized by three or four young people, unmarried men and women who have an inclination for such social and religious activities, with or without the intervention of either the regular or secular clergy. They control the minds of people because, in a dominantly Catholic country, the parish rectors can utilize the pulpits and confessionals to publicly or secretly influence the people; they control all the municipal and local authorities and the medium of communicators; and they execute all the orders of the central government. No the friar no longer influences the Filipinos mind. He inspires it is true, terror to a powerful association which can make particular arrangements so as to destroy the peace of mind and tranquility of a citizen Perhaps the guarantee of the moderating power of the parish priest may be useful to society to balance and harmonize the interests of the people and the institutions; but the fact is that the convents are opposed to this equilibrium and harmony. The ready-made belt without priestly blessing costs and is sold at four or five pesos a hundred, but the moment the priest blesses it and the belt passes on to the class of spiritual things and becomes an object of papal and episcopal indulgences, from that moment its price rises one hundred per cent at least. To the new member of a confraternity it is sold at sixty- two cents, four eights of a peso each belt, the price going down until twenty- five cents minimum when the buyer is an old customer. Historia Paring secular o ang mga paring hindi kabilang sa isang ordeng relihiyoso Agustino, dominikano, pransiskano, rekoleto, heswita Ang paglakas ng kilusang sekularisayson Ebanghelisasyon

 Malakas na impluwensya ng mga paring misyonaryo Pangingibabaw ng kapangyarihan ng mga prayle sa lipunan Sa pamamagitan ng ebanghelasyon ay napalaganap ang Kristianismo Naimpluwensyahan tayo sa pagdadasal, rosary at krus Inferences Friars have already taken control of the Filipinos way of thinking. Everything that the Filipinos do now revolve around what the friars have to say. For instance, the Spanish friars had told the Filipinos that they have to go through baptism. The friars have taken power by saying that God has spoken to them and that the people should listen to them; this has caught the attention of the Filipinos. It also proves that Spanish friars take money from us, for every time we go to church theres an equivalent of money. Because of religion, the Spaniards forced the Filipinos to be baptized and to pay tribute. Filipinos were introduced to a new word, miracle to their language. They also introduced the kilusang sekularisasyon