Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
The reaction between hydrogen and iodine can be represented by the following
equation:
H2(g) + I2(g)
2HI(g)
H = +52 kJ mol1
Kinetic data are available for both forward and reverse reactions. A series of
experiments to investigate the kinetics of the forward reaction was carried out at
a constant temperature. The results are shown in Figure 1.
Experiment
Initial
concentration of
H2 / mol dm3
Initial
concentration of
I2 / mol dm3
Initial rate
/ mol dm3 s1
2.0 103
3.0 103
l.2 106
6.0 103
3.0 103
3.6 106
6.0 103
6.0 103
7.2 106
Figure 1
(a)
rate constant;
(1)
(iii)
(b)
(i)
Use the results in Figure 1 to work out the order of the forward
reaction with respect to both hydrogen and iodine, explaining your
reasoning.
(3)
(ii)
Write the rate equation for the reaction between hydrogen and
iodine.
(1)
(iii)
Calculate the value of the rate constant for the forward reaction and
give its units.
(2)
(c)
The experiment was repeated with the following initial concentrations for
reactants:
[H2] = 4.0 103 mol dm3
(1)
(Total 10 marks)
2.
(a)
Write an equation for the reaction which occurs when the weak acid HA is
added to water.
.......................................................................................................................
.
(1)
(b)
Write an expression for the dissociation constant, Ka, for the weak acid
HA.
.......................................................................................................................
.
(1)
(c)
(ii)
(iii)
..............................................................................................................
.
(3)
(d)
Compound......................................................................................................
Name..............................................................................................................
3
(2)
(e)
The diagram below shows the trend in the first ionisation energies of the
elements from neon to aluminium.
First
ionisation
energy
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Si
Element
(i)
Draw crosses on the graph to show the first ionisation energies of silicon,
phosphorus and sulphur.
(1)
(ii)
Explain why the first ionisation energy of neon and that of magnesium are
both higher than that of sodium.
Explanation for neon
.......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
3. a. The ionic radius of the Group 2 element is given in the table below.
Ion
Ionic radius (nm)
(i)
Be2+
0.027
Mg2+
0.072
Ca2+
0.099
Sr2+
0.113
Ba2+
0.136
(ii) How would you expect the ionic radius of Al3+ ion to be compared to that of Mg2+
ion. Explain your answer.
...................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(iii) The hydrated Be2+ ion has the formula, [Be(H2O)4]2+. State one property shown by
beryllium salts in water.
..................................................................................................................................
(5)
b. The carbonates of the Group 2 elements decompose on heating.
(i) Write the chemical equation for the decomposition of magnesium carbonate.
...................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain why magnesium carbonate does not decompose spontaneously.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(iv) The thermal stability of the carbonates increases with the proton number of the
element. Suggest an explanation for the effect of the size of the cation on the
thermal stability of the carbonates.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(5)
(ii)
H20
(3)
SECTION B
Answer any 4 question in this section.
5.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(ii)
(b)
CH3OH(g)
= 91 kJ mol 1
(i)
(ii)
(3)
7. (a) An solution of sodium chloride of concentration 2.00 mol dm-3 is electrolysed for 25
minutes using graphite electrodes. The resulting solution is then treated with
hydrochloric acid of concentration 0.25 moldm-3. If the volume of hydrochloric acid
needed to complete titration is15.50 cm3, calculate the magnitude of the current
used during the electrolysis.
(7)
(b) the partition coefficient for a solute S between ether and water is 12.50.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
8. (a) By referring to the physical and chemical properties of aluminium, describe the
property of an aqueous solution of aluminium salt.
(5)
(4)
(iii) Aluminium chloride is a white solid that fumes in moist air and sublimes at 180
C.
(4)
9. (a) The table below shows the molecular formulae and dissociation constants, Kb at
250C for ammonia, ethylamine and phenylamine.
Compound
Ammonia
Ethylamine
Phenylamine
Formula
NH3
CH3CH2NH2
C6H5NH2
Kb / moldm-3
1.8 x 10-5
5.4 x 10-4
5.0 x 10-10
b. Give reagents, condition, and equations to show how each of the following compounds
can be prepared from methylbenzene in the laboratory.
(i)
(ii)
CONH2
CH2OH
Explain one simple test to show the presence of hydroxyl group, -OH in compound (ii).
Write equations for reactions occurred.
(10)
10. a. A sweet smelling liquid organic compound X has a molecular formula of C10H12O2
undergoes acidic hydrolysis to produce an acid and an alcohol,Y. The alcohol Y reacts
with bromine water to produce a white precipitate. Reduction of X with lithium
tetrahydridoaluminate (III) followed by acid hydrolysis produces two alcohols Y and Z.
On dehydration by concentrated sulphuric acid, Z produces 2-methylpropene.
Determine the structures of X, Y and Z. Write equation for all the reactions involved.
Name compound X.
(11)
b. Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds that are very important in the
synthesis of organic compounds.
(i) State how ethyl magnesium bromide can be prepared from a named haloalkane.
(ii) Write the reaction sequence in the preparation of 2-methyl-2-butanol from ethyl
magnesium bromide.
(4)