Mono Pressure Process

PROSIMPLUS HNO3 APPLICATION EXAMPLE
MONOPRESSURE NITRIC ACID MANUFACTURING PROCESS
INTEREST OF THIS EXAMPLE

This example corresponds to the simulation of a nitric acid manufacturing unit by a monopressure process. It is a rather traditional process of industrial production of nitric acid. The main modules specific to the simulator ProSimPlus HNO3 are implemented here: absorption column of nitrous vapors, nitrous vapors condensers, oxidation reactors, heat exchangers with oxidation volumes, nitrous vapor compressors, etc. It is an example of pure simulation, without specification on the output streams. The particular point which is detailed in this example is the use of an information stream to split a heat exchanger between a temperature set and a simple exchanger in order to avoid a recycling stream.
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CORRESPONDING PROSIMPLUS HNO3 FILE
HNO3 monopressure process.pmp
Reader is reminded that this use case is only an example and should not be used for other purposes. Although this example is based on actual case it may not be considered as typical nor are the data used always the most accurate available. ProSim shall have no responsibility or liability for damages arising out of or related to the use of the results of calculations based on this example.
Copyright 2006 ProSim, Labge, France - All rights reserved
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Monopressure nitric acid manufacturing process Version: May, 12, 2006 Page: 2 / 21
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
PROCESS MODELING
1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 1.6. 1.7. Process description Process flowsheet Specifications Components Thermodynamic model Operating conditions "Hints and Tips" Comments on results Mass and energy balances Column C101 profiles Column C102 profiles
3
3 5 5 5 6 6 12
2.
RESULTS
2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4.
13
13 13 18 20
3.
REFERENCES
21
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Monopressure nitric acid manufacturing process Version: May, 12, 2006 Page: 3 / 21
1. PROCESS MODELING
1.1. Process description
This example is extracted from the publications [1] and [2], which describe the process summarily. The manufacture of nitric acid includes three principal stages: Oxidation of ammonia:
4 NH 3 + 5 O 2 4 NO + 6 H 2 O Condensation of the water of combustion and oxidation of nitric oxide H 2 O (gaz ) H 2 O (liq.) 2 NO + O 2 2 NO 2 N 2 O 4 Absorption of nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetraoxide: 3 NO 2 + H 2 O 2 HNO 3 + NO N 2 O 4 + 1 / 2O 2 + H 2 O 2 HNO 3 The mathematical modeling of chemical equilibrium and kinetics of the above reactions are complex and secondary reactions occur, in particular the formation of N2O3: NO + NO 2 N 2 O 3 The monopressure process (catalytic combustion and absorption at the same pressure) rest on the reaction: 3 NO 2 + H 2 O 2 HNO 3 + NO whose principal characteristic is that, each time two molecules of nitric acid are formed, there is also production of a nitric oxide molecule NO, that it is necessary to oxide in NO2 then to absorb and so on. These successive oxidations are done mainly in gas phase, in absorption towers where are in parallel carried out the reaction of formation of the nitric acid and that of oxidation of NO: NO + 1 / 2 O 2 NO 2 In this process, condensation and absorption are done with the same pressure as oxidation, between 0.5 and approximately 1 Mpa. There is thus one compressor and the tower of absorption is equipped in its lower part with a stage of denitration. The process diagram is provided hereafter. The liquid ammonia is vaporized by cooling water (E101), then heated (E102), filtered and sent in a air-ammonia mixer (M101). On the other side, the filtered atmospheric air is compressed (K101), then divided into two streams in the valve V103, the primary air (Air S06) which goes to the air-ammonia mixer (M101) and secondary air which
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goes to the bleacher (C102). Previously, a fraction of the air is taken (Air S03) for the instrumentation, in V102 valve. The air-ammonia mixture is directed towards the NH3 converter (R101). The model of the reactor takes into account two reactions:
4 NH3 + 5 O 2 4 NO + 6 H 2 O
4 NH 3 + 3 O 2 2 N 2 + 6 H 2 O The gas after combustion contains nitrogen oxides, nitrogen and oxygen. Its significant heat is recovered in a series of heat exchangers (E103, E104, E105, E106). After condensation (E107), a large quantity of weak acid is formed and sent to the absorption tower (C101). The gas mixed with the outgoing air of the bleacher (C102) on the level of the M103 mixer is directed on the perforated plates of the absorption column (C101) equipped in particular with cooling coils. Process water is introduced at the top and the acid, with the desired concentration, is recovered at its bottom. This acid goes then to the bleaching column (C102) equipped with plates. There is a stripping by secondary air (Air S08). The outgoing gases at the top of the C101 absorber are sent in a series of gas-gas heat exchangers (E108, E109, E105), then mixed with a small quantity of ammonia in order to react in a catalytic reactor making it possible to reduce the content NOx in tail gas. In reactor (R102), operated around 250 a set of C reactions occurs which can be modeled by the two following reactions: 4 NH 3 + 6 NO 5 N 2 + 6 H 2 O and 8 NH 3 + 6 NO 2 7 N 2 + 12 H 2 O
The tail gases with very low NOx content are then sent in an expander (T101) and finally to the stack. In parallel, steam is produced by heat recovery on the process (not modeled in this example). Moreover, cooling water passes successively in the E107 condenser then in the E101 exchanger.
The objective of this process is to produce 1.000 tons per day of nitric acid (equivalent 100%) with a concentration of 58% mass.
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1.2.
Process flowsheet
V103
M101 E102 V101 E109 R101
E108
E103 E101 E112
E104 O101 E105 O102 E106 O103
O104
C101
M103
M102 E110 V102
E107
K101
P101
C102
E111 R102 T101
M104
V104 E107 CW
Monopressure process flowsheet
1.3.
Specifications
In this example there is no specification imposed on the output streams (the implementation of such specifications is presented in the E02 example: Dual-Pressure Nitric Acid Manufacturing Process). We only simulate here the operation of a unit for a set of operating parameters and for given process feed streams.
1.4.
Components
Properties of the components involved in the simulation are taken from the standard database, provided with ProSimPlus HNO3 software. Eight components are taken here into account: Ammonia (NH3) Water (H20) Nitric acid (HNO3) Nitric oxide (NO) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
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Nitrogen tetraoxide (N2O4) Nitrogen (N2) Oxygen (O2)
1.5.
Thermodynamic model
For the main part of the process the thermodynamic model taken into account is the default model of the software ProSimPlus HNO3 (see User's manual - chapter 2). However, at the level of the cooling water line, a specific model for water is used.
1.6.
Operating conditions
Process feed
Ammonia (NH3 S01)

Temperature ( C) Pressure (Bar) Partial mass flowrate (kg/h) NH3 N2 O2 H2O 10 14 11 874 24
Air (Air LP)

25 1 162 426.2 49 022.0 1 961.093
Process water (Water S01)

25 6.5 3 555
Return condensates (Water S02)

25 6.6 12 520
Cooling water (CW S01)

25 4.2 2 000 000
Reactor R101
Operating parameters
Type of reactor Ammonia conversion rate (%) Pressure drop (bar) Output temperature 5 O2 + 4 NH3 3 O2 + 4 NH3 6 H20 + 4 NO 6 H20 + 2 N2
Value
simple 96.09 3.91 0.05 adiabatic
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Heat exchangers
Hot stream Name Output Temperature (C)

E101 E105 E106 E108 250 175 100
Cold stream Reaction volume (m3)

7.4873 -
Pressure drop (bar)

0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Output Temperature (C)

34 -
Pressure drop (bar)

4.80 0.05 0.05 0.02
Reaction volume (m3)

-
For the heat exchanger in which the chemical reactions are taken into account (E106, reaction volume not equal to zero), one adopts:
a plug-flow pattern an oxidation efficiency of 1 the calculation of the oxidation reaction rate by the model of Koukolik the calculation of the dimerisation equilibrium constant by the model of Koukolik.
Simple heat exchangers
Output Name Type Temperature (C)

E102 E103 E104 E107 CW E109 E110 E111 E112 Cooler/heater Cooler/heater Cooler/heater Simple heat exchanger Cooler/heater Cooler/heater Cooler/heater Cooler/heater 120 450 350 100 102 45 180
Pressure drop (bar)

1.50 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.05 1.15
Reaction volume (m3)
1.9514 -
For the heat exchanger in which the chemical reactions are taken into account (E104, reaction volume not equal to zero), one adopts:
a plug-flow pattern an oxidation efficiency of 1
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the calculation of the oxidation reaction rate by the model of Koukolik the calculation of the dimerisation equilibrium constant by the model of Koukolik.
Condenser E107
Length of the tubes (m) Number of tubes Vapor flow Internal diameter of the tubes (mm) Temperature of cooling water (C) Cooling water flowrate (T/h) Flow direction Global heat exchange coefficient for absorption (Kcal/h/m2/K) Global heat exchange coefficient for oxidation (Kcal/h/m2/K) Pressure drop (bar) Moreover, one adopts:
Value
9 2 100 Inside the tubes 25.4 25 2 000 Counter-current 215 290 0.07
the calculation of the oxidation reaction rate by the model of Koukolik the calculation of the dimerisation equilibrium constant by the model of Koukolik the calculation of the constant of absorption of N2O4 in water by the method based on the equation of Miller (bubble caps).
Compressor K101
Isentropic efficiency Mechanical efficiency Discharge pressure (bar) Taking into account of the chemical reaction
Value
0.845 1 7.8 not
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Volumes of oxidation
Name
Volume of oxidation (m3)
Pressure drop (bar)
O101 O102 O103 O104 Moreover, one adopts:
9 28 6 2
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
a plug-flow pattern an oxidation efficiency of 1 the calculation of the oxidation reaction rate by the model of Koukolik the calculation of the dimerisation equilibrium constant by the model of Koukolik an adiabatic operation.
Column C101
Column type Number of stages Weak acid (Acid S02) plate feed Water (Water S0) plate feed Column diameter (m) Hole diameter (mm) Free section Pressure drop in the column (bar)
Value
Absorption 35 24 (plates numbered from top to bottom) 2 (plates numbered from top to bottom) 6.1 2 2.60% 0.77
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Plate
1 (top) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Temperatur e ( C)
29.4 30.0 30.6 31.4 32.2 33.0 33.8 34.5 35.3 36.1 36.8 37.6 38.3 39.1 39.8 40.6 41.4
Volume of oxidation (m3) 51

58.5 51.6 35.6
Spacing (m)
2.25 2.00 1.75 1.21
Plate
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 (bottom)
Temperature ( C)
42.1 42.9 43.6 44.4 45.2 45.9 46.7 47.4 48.2 48.9 49.7 50.5 51.2 52.0 52.9 54.5 57.0
Volume of oxidation (m3) 35.6

79.5 58.5 58.5
Spacing (m)
1.21 2.70 2.00 2.00
Moreover, one adopts:
the calculation of the temperature profile in the column from the provided temperatures the dissolution of NOx is not taken into account and for NOx in liquid phase the oxidation of NO is taken to 0% the calculation of the oxidation reaction rate by the model of Koukolik the calculation of the dimerisation equilibrium constant by the model of Koukolik the calculation of the equilibrium of the system nitrogen oxideswaternitric acid by the equation of Zhidkov the efficiency of oxidation of each plate is equal to 1 the hydrodynamic model on each plate is that of a plug-flow reactor the absorption efficiency on each plate is calculated by the equation of Atroshenko 2.
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Column C102
Type of column Number of theoretical stages Pressure drop in the column (bar)
Value
Absorber 8 0.41
Pump P101
Exhaust pressure (bar) Volumetric efficiency Mechanical efficiency
Value
7.5 0.65 1
Stream splitters
Name
V101 V102 V103 V104
Type
3 ways valve 3 ways valve 3 ways valve 3 ways valve
Mass flowrate of stream NH3 S05 (kg/H) Mass flowrate of stream Air S03 (kg/H) Splitting rate for the stream Air S06 (%) Splitting rate for the stream CW S03 (%)
Value
87.4 1006.8 79.93111 80
Reactor R102
Type of reactor Conversion rate of NO (%) Conversion rate of NO2 (%) Pressure drop (bar) Output temperature 6 NO + 4 NH3 6 NO2 + 8 NH3 6 H20 + 5 N2 12 H20 + 7 N2
Value
simple 90.0 28.5 0.1 adiabatic
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Expander T101
Exhaust pressure (bar) Isentropic efficiency
Value
1.03 0.83
1.7.
"Hints and Tips"
For the nitrous vapors condenser E107 modeling, an information stream (E107 duty) is used to transfer information heat duty to a simple heat exchanger module. This one will calculate the temperature increase of the cooling water stream (CW S01). The information streams make it possible in ProSimPlus HNO3 to transfer any type of parameter of a module to another one. It can be for example an operating parameter of a module (data), a result of the calculation of a module, or a parameter of a stream (using the MEASURE module). It is in addition possible to make simple calculations on the information streams using the HANDLER module, before reintroducing them in a module. In this example of simulation, most of the heat exchangers are simulated as on the industrial plant by coupling a hot stream and a cold stream. However, it is also possible to simulate an exchanger by splitting the hot stream and the cold stream, it is what is made in E107 condenser. This way of modeling a two-stream heat exchanger enables to avoid a stream recycle that would penalize the calculation by splitting the heat exchanger in two parts. This way of modeling is frequently used in process simulation. It is illustrated in the example of application of ProSimPlus E02 (Cyclohexane Plant). It should be noted also that the order of calculation of the modules (the sequence of calculation), automatically given by ProSimPlus HNO3, takes account of the presence of the information streams. In this example, the module E107 is calculated before the module E107 CW in order to have the heat duty required for the calculation of this last.
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2. RESULTS
2.1. Comments on results
Since the flowsheet contains several recycling streams, it is necessary to initialize two streams. The streams which one chose to initialize are streams PG S07 and Air S09. From there, the calculation sequence (the order of calculation of the modules) is generated automatically. The convergence of the cycle is obtained in 2 iterations, that is to say 4 passages in the Maximum Cyclic Network. Regarding the absorption column (C101), convergence is obtained in 3 iterations, without any initialization. Regarding the bleaching column (C102), it converges in 6 iterations, also without any initialization.
2.2.
Mass and energy balances
Streams From To Partial flowrates AMMONIA WATER NITRIC ACID NITRIC OXIDE NITROGEN DIOXIDE NITROGEN TETROXIDE NITROGEN OXYGEN Total flowrate Total flowrate Total flowrate Physical state Temperature Pressure Enthalpy Vapour fraction
t/d kmol/h m3/h C bar kW
Acid production Acid S01 Acid S02 Acid S03 Acid S04 E111 E107 P101 C101 C102 >>> P101 C101 C102 E111 t/d t/d t/d t/d t/d 0 0 0 0 0 722.908657 396.6531571 396.6531571 724.583951 722.908657 1000.047136 317.4994765 317.4994765 1034.546471 1000.047136 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.453006404 0 0 0 0.453006404 0.757082434 0 0 0 0.757082434 1724.165882 714.1526336 714.1526336 1759.130422 1724.165882 2334.894571 1127.335029 1127.335029 2359.921849 2334.894571 54.28099682 24.3139225 24.31415125 55.94119064 55.14015165 Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid 45 65.6574402 65.66759008 57 59.82806917 7.599997946 7.249998041 7.499997973 7.239998043 7.649997933 -167645.4732 -83471.21405 -83470.95428 -168448.9755 -166828.3745
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Air LP Air feed K101 t/d 0 47.06653398 0 0 0 0 3898.253523 1176.535789 5121.855846 7438.992158 184408.6462 Vapour 25 0.99999973 -7311.986587 1
Air S01 K101 E110 t/d
Air S02 E110 V102 t/d
Air S03 V102 >>> t/d
Air S04 V102 E106 t/d
0 0 0 0 47.06653398 47.06653398 0.222045564 46.84448841 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3898.253523 3898.253523 18.39077216 3879.862751 1176.535789 1176.535789 5.55053731 1170.985251 5121.855846 5121.855846 24.16335503 5097.692491 7438.992158 7438.992158 35.09489802 7403.89726 45444.75699 29939.85648 141.2471189 29798.60936 Vapour Vapour Vapour Vapour 299.9519976 102 102 102 7.799997892 7.749997906 7.749997906 7.749997906 9566.085921 -2648.046449 -12.49267617 -2635.553772 1 1 1 1
Air S05 E106 V103 t/d 0 46.84448841 0 0 0 0 3879.862751 1170.985251 5097.692491 7403.89726 40686.50405 Vapour 235.7686327 7.699997919 5531.676766 1
Air S06 V103 M101 t/d 0 37.44331956 0 0 0 0 3101.217363 935.9815093 4074.642192 5918.017264 32521.17431 Vapour 235.7686327 7.699997919 4421.530641 1
Air S07 V103 E108 t/d
Air S08 E108 C102 t/d
Air S09 C102 M103 t/d
0 0 0 9.401168851 9.401168851 11.07646403 0 0 34.49932639 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 778.6453877 778.6453877 778.1923813 235.003742 235.003742 234.2466597 1023.050299 1023.050299 1058.014831 1485.879997 1485.879997 1510.907272 8165.329743 6026.124666 5727.807686 Vapour Vapour Vapour 235.7686327 100 56.95858407 7.699997919 7.649997933 7.239998043 1110.146125 -553.2016122 -2173.802556 1 1 1
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CW S01 >>> E107 CW t/d
CW S02 E107 CW V104 t/d
CW S03 V104 E101 t/d
CW S04 E101 M104 t/d
CW S05 V104 M104 t/d
0 0 0 0 0 48000.30797 48000.30797 38400.24638 38400.24638 9600.061594 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48000.30797 48000.30797 38400.24638 38400.24638 9600.061594 111016.7478 111016.7478 88813.39821 88813.39821 22203.34955 2005.604375 2012.015487 1609.61239 1608.387466 402.4030975 Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid Liquid 25 35.40831105 35.40831105 33.17156043 35.40831105 4.199998865 4.149998878 4.149998878 4.099998892 4.149998878 -1356824.586 -1332644.306 -1066115.444 -1070274.822 -266528.8611
CW S06 M104 >>> t/d 0 48000.30797 0 0 0 0 0 0 48000.30797 111016.7478 2010.784935 Liquid 33.61911767 4.099998892 -1336803.683
NH3 S01 NH3 S02 NH3 S03 NH3 S04 >>> E101 E102 V101 E101 E102 V101 M101 t/d t/d t/d t/d 284.9778284 284.9778284 284.9778284 282.8844462 0.576003696 0.576003696 0.576003696 0.571772504 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 285.5538321 285.5538321 285.5538321 283.4562187 698.5478067 698.5478067 698.5478067 693.4164335 11.9010776 2965.487195 2943.703401 Liquid Liq./Vap. Vapour Vapour 10 34 120 120 13.99999622 9.199997514 7.699997919 7.699997919 -13078.90835 -8919.515736 -8296.145332 -8235.203737 0.999377112 1 1
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NH3 S05 NH3 S06 PG S01 PG S02 PG S03 V101 E112 M101 R101 E103 E112 M102 R101 E103 E104 t/d t/d t/d t/d t/d 2.093382266 2.093382266 282.8844462 0 0 0.004231192 0.004231192 38.01509207 486.8760978 486.8760978 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 478.9242924 478.9242924 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3101.217363 3110.31426 3110.31426 0 0 935.9815093 281.9829628 281.9829628 2.097613458 2.097613458 4358.098411 4358.097613 4358.097613 5.131373198 5.131373198 6611.433697 6784.457202 6784.457202 21.78379399 29.5166218 35671.16062 89461.45361 54389.44149 Vapour Vapour Vapour Vapour Vapour 120 180 220.0270068 924.2394575 450 7.699997919 6.54999823 7.599997946 7.54999796 7.499997973 -60.9415954 -57.55504786 -3813.674778 -3813.673275 -34240.58572 1 1 1 1 1
PG S04 E104 O101 t/d
PG S05 O101 E105 t/d
PG S06 E105 O102 t/d
PG S07 O102 E106 t/d
PG S08 E106 O103 t/d
0 0 0 0 0 486.8760978 486.8760978 486.8760978 486.8760978 486.8760978 0 0 0 0 0 443.0541023 333.237625 333.237625 181.1809487 161.0475003 54.99612525 223.3656295 223.3366844 456.4668549 486.0240427 0.000226523 0.00188495 0.030830071 0.034703009 1.346218689 3110.31426 3110.31426 3110.31426 3110.31426 3110.31426 262.8568012 204.3021157 204.3021157 123.2247486 112.4894949 4358.097613 4358.097613 4358.097613 4358.097613 4358.097614 6759.552468 6683.306267 6683.293159 6577.718634 6563.146097 47009.60857 49633.76337 39337.31087 43107.12057 33362.90531 Vapour Vapour Vapour Vapour Vapour 350 391.3980884 250 308.5481984 175 7.449997987 7.439997989 7.389998003 7.379998006 7.329998019 -41059.03089 -41059.03089 -49391.10639 -49391.10607 -57558.33661 1 1 1 1 1
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PG S09 O103 E107 t/d 0 486.8760978 0 142.5644048 514.5327866 1.175847459 3110.31426 102.6342176 4358.097614 6550.390457 33882.20491 Vapour 182.2396884 7.319998022 -57558.33661 1
PG S10 E107 O104 t/d 0 44.83661247 0 141.8785615 231.3125928 53.64236882 3110.31426 61.96089405 3643.94529 5241.363685 20365.3366 Vapour 65.6574402 7.249998041 1732.473715 1
PG S11 O104 M103 t/d
PG S12 M103 C101 t/d
TG S01 C101 E108 t/d
0 0 0 44.83661247 55.91307649 16.0316407 0 34.49932639 1.177197379 125.8582112 125.8582112 1.822550919 263.2463569 263.2463569 0.463094038 46.27107651 46.27107651 0.00191831 3110.31426 3888.506641 3888.506641 53.41876453 287.6654242 134.7209912 3643.945282 4701.960113 4042.724034 5233.578798 6744.48607 5999.874011 20779.84707 26508.93082 23327.45565 Vapour Vapour Vapour 72.59012207 69.1048027 29.4 7.239998043 7.239998043 6.469998251 1732.473716 -441.3288666 -2238.432867 1 1 1
TG S02 E108 E109 t/d 0 16.0316407 1.177197379 1.822550919 0.464821724 0.000190623 3888.506641 134.7209912 4042.724034 5999.874794 26044.89809 Vapour 63.60017079 6.449998257 -575.0727694 1
TG S03 E109 E105 t/d 0 16.0316407 1.177197379 1.822550919 0.464986475 2.58712E-05 3888.506641 134.7209912 4042.724034 5999.874868 28904.94428 Vapour 100 6.43999826 1197.90261 1
TG S04 E105 M102 t/d 0 16.0316407 1.177197379 1.822550919 0.465012266 8.04297E-08 3888.506641 134.7209912 4042.724034 5999.87488 42353.57623 Vapour 269.3707912 6.389998273 9529.97837 1
TG S05 M102 R102 t/d 2.093382266 16.03587189 1.177197379 1.822550919 0.465012266 8.04297E-08 3888.506641 134.7209912 4044.821647 6005.006253 42648.37158 Vapour 269.2633248 6.349998284 9472.423332 1
TG S06 R102 T101 t/d 1.40731213 17.1244794 1.177197379 0.182255092 0.332483814 3.6602E-08 3889.876931 134.7209912 4044.82165 6005.485896 43663.2908 Vapour 273.3824657 6.249998311 9472.422883 1
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TG S07 Water S01 Water S02 T101 >>> >>> H-102 C101 C101 t/d t/d t/d 1.40731213 0 0 17.1244794 85.32054742 300.4819279 1.177197379 0 0 0.182255092 0 0 0.332483814 0 0 3.6602E-08 0 0 3889.876931 0 0 134.7209912 0 0 4044.82165 85.32054742 300.4819279 6005.485896 197.3322692 694.964841 177362.1524 3.565546916 12.55714413 Vapour Liquid Liquid 92.71229898 25 25 1.029999722 6.499998243 6.599998216 574.4929786 -15659.59244 -55149.95707 1
2.3.
Column C101 profiles

Recovered duty profile
6 000
5 000
4 000 Heat duty (kW)
3 000
2 000
1 000
0 0 5 10 15 Stage 20 25 30 35
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NOx content profile

70 000
60 000
50 000 NOx content (ppmv)
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
0 0 5 10 15 Stage 20 25 30 35
Liquid nitric acid mass fraction profile

0,7
0,6
0,5 HNO3 mass fraction
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,0 0 5 10 15 Stage 20 25 30 35
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Partial mass flowrates in gas phase profiles

600
500
400 Flowrate (t/d)
NO NO2 N2O4
300
NOX (NO+NO2+2*N2O4)
200
100
0 0 5 10 15 Stage 20 25 30 35
2.4.
Column C102 profiles
Liquid mass fraction profiles

0,6 0,58 0,56 0,54 0,52 0,5 0,48 0,46 0,44 0,42 0,4 0 1 2 3 4 Stage 5 6 7 8 9
Mass fractions
WATER NITRIC ACID
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Vapour phase mass fraction profile

0,035
0,034
0,034 Mass fractions
NITRIC ACID
0,033
0,033
0,032
0,032 0 1 2 3 4 Stage 5 6 7 8 9
3. REFERENCES
[1] Badoual C. Acide Nitrique Techniques de l'Ingnieur, trait de Gnie des Procds [2] Clarke Stephen I. and Mazzafro William J. Nitric Acid Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th edition [3] Joulia X. "Contribution au dveloppement d'un programme gnral de simulation. Application l'analyse du fonctionnement d'un atelier de production d'acide nitrique" Thse INPT 1981
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Mono Pressure Process

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PROSIMPLUS HNO3 APPLICATION EXAMPLE

MONOPRESSURE NITRIC ACID MANUFACTURING PROCESS

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CORRESPONDING PROSIMPLUS HNO3 FILE

HNO3 monopressure process.pmp

Copyright 2006 ProSim, Labge, France - All rights reserved

Copyright 2006 ProSim, Labge, France - All rights reserved

Copyright 2006 ProSim, Labge, France - All rights reserved

Monopressure nitric acid manufacturing process

Copyright 2006 ProSim, Labge, France - All rights reserved

Monopressure nitric acid manufacturing process

M101 E102 V101 E109 R101

E103 E101 E112

E104 O101 E105 O102 E106 O103

M102 E110 V102

E111 R102 T101