Power Saver Street Light

(Analysis Report)

By:Laxmikant (1025959) AND Stella (1025949)

POWER SAVER OF STREET LIGHT

Objective: Automatic street light controller using PC
The aim of this project is to reduce the power consumption as well as maintenance by providing the Photo sensor that switches the light on and off automatically. The main feature of the Photo sensor is its a light dependent resistor. A small hardware model, which is as real as real world application, is built in this project. As the light falls off these sensors switch on the street light and vice-versa. Nowadays, human has become too busy and he is unable to find time even to switch the lights wherever not necessary. This can be seen more effectively in the case of street lights. The present system is like, the street lights will be switched on in the evening before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning after there is sufficient light on the roads. But the actual timings for these street lights to be switched on are when there is absolute darkness. With this, the power will be wasted up to some extent. This project gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation of the lighting system is completely eliminated. The Project Embedded Automatic Street light control with LDR-ADC Interfacing using 89C51 Microcontroller is an interesting project which uses AT89C51 microcontroller as its brain. This project is very useful for commercial sign boards, advertising boards, street lights for automation lighting system. This system switches on the lights only in darkness. As it works with LDR sensor, no programming of timings and battery back-up is required. This is a simple, fit and forget system. ADC0804 is used to convert analog data delivered by Light dependant Resistor (LDR) into digital data. This ADC interfacing makes this project highly sensitive and user friendly. This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. Unregulated 12V DC is used for relay. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.

BLOCK DIAGARAM
REALYS BOARD LDRs ADC

MICROCONTROLLER

REGULATED POWER SUPPLY USB Serial converter PC

Objective of the project:The main consideration in the present field technologies are Automation, Power consumption and cost effectiveness. Automation is intended to reduce man power with the help of intelligent systems. Power saving is the main consideration forever as the source of the power(Thermal, Hydro etc.,)are getting diminished due to various reasons. The main aim of the project is Automatic street power saving system with LDR, this is to save the power. We want to save power automatically instead of doing manual. So its easy to make cost effectiveness. This saved power can be used in some other cases. So in villages, towns etc we can design intelligent systems for the usage of street lights.

Block Diagram Explanation:

In this project, we are going to switch off the street lights automatically as the day starts. The duration of the day differs from season to season, accordingly our module works based upon the light intensity so as to when to start or stop. For this we are using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) as the light sensor, which communicates with the required information to the microcontroller. Here we are using micro controller, LDR, and relay. By using the LDR we can operate the lights, i.e when the light is available then it will be in the OFF state and when it is dark then the light will be in ON state, it means LDR is inversely proportional to light. When the light falls on the LDR it sends the commands to the micro controller that it should be in the OFF state then it switch offs the light, all these commands are sent to the controller then according to that the devices operate. We use a relay to act as an ON OFF switch, the load is connected to these relays.

Functionality of Modules: POWER SUPPLY: The microcontroller and other devices get power supply from AC to Dc adapter through voltage regulator. The adapter output voltage will be 12V DC non regulated. The 7805 voltage regulators are used to convert 12 V to 5VDC. DC Output AC Power AC Power AC/DC Adapter Regulator (7805) filter

The adapter output voltage will be 12V DC non regulated. The 7805/7812 voltage regulators are used to convert 12 V to 5V/12V DC.

MICRO CONTROLLER-AT89S52: The AT89S52 is a widely available in market, cost effective, low power and high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry- standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out. Features: 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Full Duplex UART Serial Channel Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz micro controller-AT89s52 in AUTOMATIC STREET CONTROLLER Micro controller is used to read the output status of sensor. Vital role of USB SERIAL CONVERTER: This is the device, which is used to convert USB signals to RS232 signals and vice versa.

LIGHT

RS-232PROTOCOL RS-232 was created for one purpose, to interface between Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Communications Equipment (DCE) employing serial binary data interchange. So as stated the DTE is the terminal or computer and the DCE is the modem or other communications device. RS-232 pin-outs for IBM compatible computers are shown below. There are two configurations that are typically used: one for a 9-pin connector and the other for a 25-

pin connector.

COMPONENTS USED:

Power Supply 5V DC - 7805 - 10 Micro controller - AT89S52-Atmel (www.Atmel.Com) 50 USB Serial Communication - CP2102 - 300 LDR Sensors. 190/Relay 350/ADC - 220/-

For doing this project we use some of the software like

Embedded C for programming the application software to the microcontroller. This is done under keil uVision. VB Programming is used to Front End application software. orcad schematic capture software is used for designing the circuit diagram for this project. Orcad layout software is used for designing the PCB for this project. (Since PCB making is a big process and involves lot of machineries which are expensive, we are going to outsource this to the manufacturer.)

PERCENTAGE OF H/W AND S/W:

Embedded C : 30% Microcontroller H/W : 35% System Programming : 35%

ESTIMATION :

Hardware design : Schematic capture & layout design : PCB Fabrication : Sensors & signal conditioning Design : Embedded Programming : System Programming : System Integration: