B09.

01
11000110 11000110 11000110 11000110
11001011 11001011 11001011 11001011
00101101 00101101 00101101 00101101
00110010 00110010 00110010 00110010
01000110 01000110 01000110 01000110
00100101 00100101 00100101 00100101
00001011 00001011 00001011 00001011
01111011 01111011 01111011 01111011
11010110 11010110 11010110 11010110
11110011 11110011 11110011 11110011
Cdigo interno de publicacin: B09.01
Primera edicin: 2000
Segunda edicin corregida: 2004
Publicado en Internet
Rosario, Argentina
Ao 2004
http://www.fceia.unr.edu.ar/enica3/da-ad.pdf
B09.01 1
Seales analgicas
Seales digitales
Cdigos binarios
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
2 B09.01

binary digit
most significant bit
least significant bit

Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 3

Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D

4 B09.01

Mtodo de conmutacin de corrientes ponderadas

+

(
,
\
,
(
j
+ + +


1 2 3 4 5 6 7
D
(1 2
n
) X
ref
x
2
n
X
ref
D/A X
ref
x = (d
n
2
n1
+ ... + d
2
2 + d
1
) X
ref
/ 2
n
d
n
d
n1
... d
2
d
1

Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 5

(
,
\
,
(
j

< %

Redes escalera
2
n-k+1
R
d
k
2
n
R
d
1
2R
d
n
MSB LSB
V
ref
i
1 i
k
i
n
R

+
v
. . .
8R
MSB LSB
V
ref
16R
2R
d
n
4R 8R 16R 2R
d
n
4R 16R

+
v
R
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
6 B09.01
Mtodo de la red escalera R-2R

+

2R 2R 2R 2R 2R
R R R
R R R R
. . .
i/2
n
2R
d
n
2R 2R 2R
R R
i/2
i/4 i/2
n1
i/2
n
i i/2
n1
i/2
i/4
V
ref
R 2R
. . .
d
1
d
2 d
n1

+
v
0
R
i
k
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 7

LSB MSB
V
ref
2R
d
1
2R 2R

+
v
0
. . .
2R R R R
d
n
d
2
2R 2R 2R 2R 2R
R R R
2R 2R
2R
1
. . .
V
ref
R
2 k
2R 2R 2R 2R
R R R
2R
k
. . .
V
ref
R
k+1 n1 n
resto de la red
n(nk)
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
8 B09.01

+

2R 2R 2R
R R R
R
k
. . .
V
ref
/2
R
k+1 n1 n
n(nk)
2R
2R 2R
R R R
. . .
V
ref
/4
R
k+1 n1 n
2R
R R
V
ref
/2
nk
n1
2R
n
2R
+

v
0,k
D/A (I) V
ref
d
n
d
n1
... d
2
d
1

+
v
0
R
V
ref
2R
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 9

Conversor Multiplicativo
D/A (I) V
ref
d
n
d
n1
... d
2
d
1

+
v
0
R
V
ref
2R
LSB MSB
V
ref
/2
2R
d
1
2R 2R
+

v
0
. . .
2R R R R
d
n
d
2
V
ref
/2
R
R
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
10 B09.01
Especificaciones de los conversores D/A
%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
D
v
0
Exactitud
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
D
v
0
Error de escala
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
D
v
0
Error de
offset
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
D
v
0
No linealidad
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
D
v
0
No linealidad
diferencial
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
12 B09.01

slew-rate
slew-rate
slew-rate
glitch
sample and hold
t
v
0
glitch
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 13

d
7
256 k
d
1
2 k
d
8
MSB LSB
V
ref
= 10 V
1 k

+
v
0
. . .
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
14 B09.01

( )

( )
( )
( )

127 128 255

D
v
0

0
D
v
0
127 128 129 126
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 15
Potencimetro digital
Amplificador con ganancia controlada
Conversor con caractersticas mejoradas
D/A V
ref
D

+
v
0
C = 15 pF
P
i
0
ref
n
V
D
v
LF351
D/A v
i
D

+
v
0
0,47 F
P
i
0
LF351

+
47 k
47 k
1 M
100 pF
1
5
2
3
6
-Vcc
LM11
A
B
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
16 B09.01
A B
Amplificador con ganancia controlada inversamente
+
I
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
2 3
1 5
Vcc
I
1
I
2
I
3
I
4
I
1
v
0
Vcc
2 k
2 k
100 100
T
1
T
2
T
3 T
4
T
5
T
6
I
3
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 17

Multiplicador de capacidad
D/A
V
ref
D

+
v
0
P
i
0

LF351
v
i
+

D/A
V
ref
D
P
i
0

+
v

+
C
eq
i
C

+
v
C
R
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
18 B09.01

(
(
,
\
,
,
(
j
+
(
(
,
\
,
,
(
j

(
(
,
\
,
,
(
j
+
(
(
,
\
,
,
(
j
+

+
m
v
i
v
0
t
v
i
t
m
v
0
t
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 19
Especificaciones del muestreo y retencin
t
v
i
t
m
v
0
t

+
m
v
i
v
0
t
v
i
t
m
v
0
t
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
20 B09.01
t
v
i
t
m
v
0
t
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 21
sample and hold

+
t
v
i
t
m
v
0
t
t
A
t
v
i
t
m
v
0
t
t
adq
0,1 %
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
22 B09.01

+
droop
feedthrough
Implementaciones
v
0
t
1 s
2,6 mV
4,2 V
4 V
m
v
i

+
v
0
100 k
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 23
m
v
i

+
v
0
R
2
= 100 k
R
2

Q
1

Q
2

C
Vcc
v
i

+
v
0

+
m
Referencia
lgica
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
1 k
300
A
1
A
2
Offset
3
2
8
7
1
4
6
5
C
24 k
30 k
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
24 B09.01
Mtodos directos de conversin A/D
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 25
v
i
R
111
V
ref
110
101
100
011
010
001
000
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
LSB
MSB
Lgica de decisin
v
i
v
1
V
ref
A
1
A
2
Reset
C
R
Oscilador
Contador
. . .
D
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
26 B09.01

[ ]
]
]
]
,

,

v
C
t
p
1
v
i
p
2
fija
p
1
p
2
Tiempo fijo Tiempo v
i
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 27
+

v
i
V
ref
Reset
Reloj
Contador
. . .
D
v
C
A
2
C
R
A
3
A
1
R
R
v
i
FF
LL
MSB LSB
D
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
28 B09.01

]
]
]
,

(
,
\
,
(
j
+
]
]
]
,

,
(
,
\
,
(
j
+
t
v
C
t
Reset
v
D
Reloj
2
n
D
t
t
t
FF, LL
v
comp
0 T t
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 29

+ +
t
r
i
C
dt t V
RC
t
RC
v
t v
v
i
V
ref
/2
V
ref
Reset
Reloj
Contador
. . .
Complemento a 2
v
C
A
2
C
R
A
3
A
1
R
R
v
i
FF
LL
MSB LSB
D 2R
V
ref
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
30 B09.01
( ) +

+ t
RC
V
t
RC
v
t v
r i
C
x y x y x y
(
,
\
,
(
j
+

+
t t
RC
V
t
RC
v
t v
r i
C

RC
T
fT
fT
V v T v
r i C
(
(
,
\
,
,
(
j

Mtodos realimentados de conversin A/D

v

f
V
r
2/T 3/T 4/T 5/T
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 31

Reloj
Contador
. . .
D
Comp.
v
i
MSB
LSB
V
ref
D/A
Reset
Reloj Contador
. . .
D
Comp.
v
i
MSB
LSB
V
ref
D/A
Up/Down
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
32 B09.01

Inicio
Registro de
aproximaciones
sucesivas
. . .
D
Comparador
v
i
MSB
LSB
V
ref
D/A
Reloj
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 33
sample and hold
Especificaciones de los conversores A/D
sample and hold

v
i
, v
D/A
t
1000 100 10
Valor final
v
i
1
/
2
V
ref
1
/
4
V
ref
5
/
16
V
ref
3
/
4
V
ref
V
ref
1
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
34 B09.01

D
A
000
V
ref
2
n
0 V
ref
010
100
110
001
011
101
111
D
A
000
V
ref
2
n+1
0 V
ref
010
100
110
001
011
101
111
1 LSB
LSB
D
A

H
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 35

( )

( )

D
A
000
0
Fondo de
escala
001
111

escala

escala
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
36 B09.01

D
A
000
0
111

no linealidad
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 37

A
D
000 010 100 110 001 011 101 111
v
i1
v
i2
D
t 000
0
010
100
110
001
011
101
111
T 2T 3T
v
i1
v
i2
Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
38 B09.01
sample and hold

< <
< <

t
v(t)
t
m(t)
v
m
(t)
t
T 2T 3T 4T
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 39

(
,
\
,
(
j





Electrnica III Conversores D/A y A/D
40 B09.01

aliasing

V()

mx

mx
|V
m
()|

m
2
m
3
m

m
2
m
3
m
|V
m
()|

m
2
m
3
m

m
2
m
3
m
Federico Miyara Ao 2004
B09.01 41
aliasing

f
dB
f
paso
f
aten
f
Nyquist