NATIONAL ROADS AUTHORITY

Project Appraisal Guidelines

Appendix 6 - National parameters value sheet

March 2008

Version 1.0

National parameters value sheet Changes made to document since previous version -

Date issued 01.03.2008

St Martins House, Waterloo Road, Dublin 4 Tel:+353 1 660 2511 Fax +353 1 668 0009 Email: info@nra.ie Web: www.nra.ie

Table of Contents

1 2 3 4

Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 2 Economic parameters..................................................................................................... 4 Traffic input parameters ............................................................................................... 12 Enquiries ........................................................................................................................ 24

Introduction

National parameters value sheet

Introduction

Introduction 1.1 1.2 The National Parameters Value Sheet summaries the values for the economic and traffic related parameters to be used in the cost benefit analysis of Irish road schemes. This document is split into the following sections: Section 1 Economic parameters; and Section 2 Traffic input parameters.

Economic parameters

National parameters value sheet

Economic parameters
Table 1: Key Parameters Parameter Present Value Year Discount Rate Appraisal Period Value 2002 4% per annum 30 years

Table 2: Maintenance Costs (Resource Costs, 2002 Prices and Values) COBA Maintenance Maintenance Cost Road Type Type (1,000/km/year) Standard 2-lane with H/S Wide 2-lane with H/S 2+1 with central reserve barrier 2+1 without central reserve barrier Dual Carriageway / Motorway 1 1 2 1 2,3,4,5,6 11.65 17.48 22.73 11.65 22.73

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Table 3: Value of Time (Resource Costs, 2002 Prices and Values) Type of Vehicle Car Occupant Driver Passenger Driver Driver Passenger Passenger LGV Driver Passenger Driver Driver Passenger Passenger Other Goods Vehicle Public Service Vehicle Driver Driver Passenger Passenger Passenger Journey Purpose Working time Working time Commuting Other non-working time Commuting Other non working time Working time Working time Commuting Other non working time Commuting Other non working time Working time Working time Working time Commuting Other non-working time Value of Time /Hour 22.2 22.2 6.8 6.1 6.8 6.1 22.2 22.2 6.8 6.1 6.8 6.1 22.2 22.2 22.2 6.8 6.1

National parameters value sheet

Table 4: Accident Costs (Resource Costs, 2002 Prices and Values) Cost Per Casualty, Fatality Serious injury Minor Injury Damage Only Cost Per Accident, Insurance / Administration Fatal Serious Minor Damage Only 312 194 118 57 Damage to property Urban 8,103 4,342 2,562 1,833 Rural 13,741 6,263 4,153 2,737 Motorway 17,480 14,915 7,546 2,631 Urban 1,983 165 60 4 Garda costs Rural 1,880 462 60 4 Motorway 2,752 434 60 4 1,694,481 190,400 14,681 NA

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Table 5: Vehicle Operating Costs - FUEL VOC formulae 2002 parameter values in cents/km (Resource Costs, 2002 Prices and Values) Vehicle Category CAR LGV OGV1 OGV2 PSV Fuel Parameters a 5.1511891026 6.9877726406 16.1912366475 32.8659849420 26.3808878876 b -0.0862275123 -0.1131287969 -0.2615534249 -0.5101143009 -0.4133394223 c 0.0005852871 0.0009070998 0.0018994839 0.0034776758 0.0026064055

Table 6: Vehicle Operating Costs - FUEL VOC formulae 2002 parameter values in l/km Vehicle Category CAR LGV OGV1 OGV2 PSV Fuel Parameters a l/km 0.160473178 0.217687601 0.444814203 0.902911676 0.724749670 b l*h/km2 -0.002686215 -0.003524262 -0.007185533 -0.014014129 -0.011355478 c l*h2/km3 1.8233E-05 2.82586E-05 5.21836E-05 9.55405E-05 7.16045E-05

Table 7: Vehicle Operating Costs NON-FUEL VOC formulae 2002 parameter values in cents/km (Resource Costs, 2002 Prices and Values) Vehicle Category CAR LGV OGV1 OGV2 PSV Non- Fuel Parameters a1 5.11 7.28 14.83 16.56 30.71 b1 26.10 64.29 224.60 454.97 514.89

Table 8: Value of Time Growth Factors

National parameters value sheet

Year 2002-2010 2011-2015 2016 and thereafter-

Growth Factors (per annum) Work Time 1.0270 1.0237 1.0229 Commuting 1.0270 1.0237 1.0229 Other non-work time 1.0270 1.0237 1.0229

Note: An annual growth factor of 1.0270 equates to a growth of 2.70% per annum.

Table 9: Value of Accidents Growth Factors Year 2002-2010 2011-2015 2016 and thereafterGrowth Factor (per annum) 1.0270 1.0237 1.0229

Table 10: Vehicle Operating Cost Growth Rates FUEL and NON FUEL Year 2002-2010 2011-2015 2016 and thereafterGrowth Rate 0 0 0

National parameters value sheet

Table 11: Indirect Tax Rates Item Average tax on final consumption goods PETROL and DIESEL vehicles Tax on fuel final consumption PETROL vehicles Tax on fuel intermediate consumption PETROL vehicles Tax on fuel final consumption DIESEL vehicles Tax on fuel intermediate consumption DIESEL vehicles Tax on non-fuel vehicle operating costs final consumption Tax on non-fuel vehicle operating costs intermediate consumption Indirect Tax Rate (%) 19.1 172.0 124.8 121.4 82.9 21.0 0

Table 12: Changes in Indirect Tax Rates Item Average tax on final consumption goods Tax on fuel final consumption PETROL vehicles Tax on fuel intermediate consumption PETROL vehicles Tax on fuel final consumption DIESEL vehicles Tax on fuel intermediate consumption DIESEL vehicles Tax on non-fuel vehicle operating costs final consumption Tax on non-fuel vehicle operating costs intermediate consumption * Applicable for entire appraisal period Tax Rate Changes (%) Per Annum* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 13: Carbon Cost Forecasts Carbon Costs - per Tonne Carbon Emitted, at 2002 Market Prices. Year of Emission 2000 - 2009 2010 - 2019 2020 - 2029 2030 - 2039 2040 - 2049 2050 Value /tonne Carbon 80.67 95.33 117.33 146.67 201.67 304.33 Carbon Cost rise during time interval 1.818% 2.308% 2.500% 3.750% 5.091% 5.091%

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Traffic input parameters

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Traffic input parameters

SEASONALITY INDEX Default values for the seasonality index, according to network classification are shown in Table 14. The ranges of values encountered are also shown. Table 14: Default Seasonality Index Seasonality Index Network Classification Typical Values (Default) 1.032 1.088 1.154 Range of Seasonality Indices Encountered 1.002-1.074 0.989-1.335 0.949-1.542

Motorway (MWY) National Primary (excluding Motorway) (TNB) National Secondary (PNB)

E-FACTOR Default values for the E-Factor, according to network classification are shown in Table 15. The ranges of values encountered are also shown. Table 15: Default E-Factor E-Factor Network Classification Typical Values (Default) 1.22 1.19 1.17 Range of E-Factors Encountered 1.19-1.25 1.12-1.49 1.13-1.26

Motorway National Primary (excluding Motorway) National Secondary

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M-FACTOR Default values for the M-Factor, according to network classification are shown in Table 16. The ranges of values encountered are also shown. Table 16: Default M-Factor Values Month January February March April May June July August September October November December M-Factor Typical Values (Default) 433 408 391 382 372 380 359 346 368 385 394 442 Range of M Factors Encountered 360-604 346-564 334-520 323-490 312-511 309-711 280-747 244-647 324-659 335-664 329-658 365-762

Table 17: Default M-Factor Coefficients Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Value a=159, b=245 a=185, b=199 a=278, b=100 a=306, b=69 a=317, b=47 a=399, b=-27 a=531, b=-163 a=596, b=-233 a=343, b=14 a=265, b=102 a=188, b=181 a=257, b=154

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ACCIDENT RATES Table 18 summarises the default link and junction combined accident rates (personal injury accidents per million vehicle kilometres), split by road type and speed limit. The base year for accidents is 2000. Table 18: Link and Junction Combined Accident Rates ROAD TYPE Speed Limit Motorway (2x2, 3x3) Speed Limit 1 <60 kph PIA/mvkm 2 Lane Single Carriageway Dual Carriageway (Type 1 and Type 2, 3x3) 2+1 with Central Reserve Barrier (1 or 2-lane side) 2+1 without Central Reserve Barrier (1 or 2 lanelane side) 1 Way 4 10 11 5 8 0.478 0.124 0.368 0.419 0.110 ACCIDENT TYPE Accident Rate PIA/mvkm 120 kph 0.037 80 kph PIA/mvkm 0.142 0.094 0.107 0.125 -

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ACCIDENT PROPORTIONS The default proportions of fatal, serious and minor accidents for combined links and junctions are shown in Table 19. Table 19: Link and Junction Combined Accident Proportions ROAD TYPE Speed Limit Casualty Severity Motorway Speed Limit Casualty Severity 2 Lane Single Carriageway Dual Carriageway 2+1 with Central Reserve Barrier (1 lane or 2-laneside) 2+1 without Central Reserve Barrier (1 lane or 2-lane side) 1 Way 4 10 Fatal 0.045 0.032 1 Fatal 0.060 <60 kph Serious 0.173 0.088 Minor 0.783 0.880 Fatal 0.097 0.068
ACCIDENT TYPE

Accident Proportions 120 kph Serious 0.133 Minor 0.807 80 kph Serious 0.246 0.149 Minor 0.657 0.784

11

0.032

0.175

0.793

0.069

0.254

0.677

0.051

0.172

0.777

0.110

0.242

0.648

0.027

0.205

0.767

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AVERAGE NUMBER OF CASUALTIES PER ACCIDENT The default parameter values for the average number of casualties per personal injury accident, by road type and speed limit are set out in Table 20. Table 20: Average Number of Casualties per Accident ROAD TYPE Speed Limit Casualty Severity Motorway Speed Limit Casualty Severity 2 Lane Single Carriageway Dual Carriageway 2+1 with Central Reserve Barrier (1 lane or 2-lane side) 2+1 without Central Reserve Barrier (1 lane or 2-lane side) 1 Way 4 10 11 Fatal 0.049 0.032 0.032 1 Fatal 0.090 <60 kph Seriou s 0.237 0.107 0.107 Slight 1.241 1.359 1.359 Fatal 0.116 0.074 0.074
ACCIDENT TYPE

Casualties Per PIA 120 kph Serious 0.169 Minor 1.253 80 kph Seriou s 0.396 0.193 0.193 Slight 1.354 1.375 1.375

5 8

0.049 0.027

0.237 0.233

1.241 1.151

0.116 -

0.396 -

1.354 -

- FACTORS Table 21: Reduction Factors ROAD TYPE ACCIDENT TYPE Fatal All ACCIDENT TYPE Accident Rate Reduction Factor Serious 0.955 Casualties Per Accident Change Factor <60 kph Fatal All 0.997 Seriou s 0.968 Slight 1.001 Fatal 0.997 80 kph Seriou s 0.968 Slight 1.001 Minor

Casualty Severity All Roads ROAD TYPE Speed Limit Casualty Severity All Roads

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TRAFFIC PROPORTIONS Default national annual average vehicle category proportions for 2002 by class of road are given in Table 22. Table 22: Annual Average Category Proportions by Class of Road Network Classification Motorway (MWY) National Primary (excluding Motorway) (TNB) National Secondary (PNB) Average All Roads CARS (1) 0.804 0.828 0.833 0.822 LGV (2) 0.081 0.074 0.082 0.079 OGV1 (3) 0.044 0.039 0.043 0.042 OGV2 (4) 0.065 0.052 0.038 0.052 PSV (5) 0.005 0.007 0.005 0.006

ADJUSTMENT FACTORS TO ESTIMATE ANNUAL VEHICLE CATEGORY PROPORTIONS The default adjustment factors by vehicle to convert 12-hour or 16-hour traffic proportions to AADT proportions are shown in Table 23. The traffic proportion for cars is estimated by subtracting from unity the sum of the estimated proportions for the other vehicle categories. Table 23: Annual Vehicle Category Proportions Adjustment Factors Period of Neutral Month Weekday Count Network Classification Motorway 12-hour (07:00-19:00) National Primary National Secondary Motorway 16-hour (06:00-22:00) National Primary National Secondary Adjustment Factor A(I) LGV (2) 0.903 0.826 0.886 0.937 0.850 0.921 OGV1 (3) 0.796 0.828 0.839 0.863 0.877 0.897 OGV2 (4) 1.004 0.970 1.109 1.004 0.976 1.158 PSV (5) 1.032 1.041 0.632 1.051 1.051 0.678

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VEHICLE CATEGORY PROPORTION CORRECTION FACTORS The proportion of vehicles (except cars) in Flow Groups 2 and 4 are obtained from the AADT proportions using the default adjustment factors in Table 24. The proportions in Flow Group 1 are obtained within the COBA program from a balancing procedure, which ensures the correct annual total annual flow of each vehicle category. Table 24: Vehicle Category Proportion Correction Factors Flow Group 2 Motorway 3* 4 2 National Primary 3* 4 2 National Secondary 3* 4 Adjustment Factor LGV (2) 1.00 1.00 0.87 0.96 1.00 0.68 1.19 1.00 0.97 OGV1 (3) 1.19 1.00 0.78 1.18 1.00 0.61 1.35 1.00 0.92 OGV2 (4) 1.18 1.00 0.93 0.95 1.00 0.59 0.73 1.00 0.62 PSV (5) 1.01 1.00 1.48 1.20 1.00 1.64 0.69 1.00 0.87

* Zero hours are entered for Flow Group 3. However, to run the COBA program it is necessary to enter the adjustment factors shown.

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VEHICLE OCCUPANCY

Default occupancy rates by flow group for different vehicle categories and time modes are given in Table 25. Table 25: Vehicle Occupancy rates, by Flow Group and Time Modes FLOW GROUP Vehicle Mode Person Mode 1 Work Working Car Commuting Other non-work Work Non-Working Car Commuting Other non-work Work Working LGV Commuting Other non-work Work Non-working LGV Commuting Other non-work Work Working OGV1 Commuting Other non-work Work Working OGV2 Commuting Other non-work Work PSV Commuting Other non-work 1.20 0 0 0 1.13 1.79 1.22 0 0 0 1.62 1.62 1.00 0 0 1.00 0 0 1.34 2.46 9.40 2 1.26 0 0 0 1.26 1.92 1.27 0 0 0 1.28 2.01 1.16 0 0 1.08 0 0 1.34 2.46 9.40 3* 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1.33 0 0 0 1.34 1.83 1.36 0 0 0 1.59 1.56 1.18 0 0 1.08 0 0 1.34 2.46 9.40

* Zero hours are entered for Flow Group 3. However, to run the COBA program it is necessary to enter the occupancy figures as shown.

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VEHICLE PROPORTIONS BY TIME MODE AND FLOW GROUP Default vehicle proportions by and time mode and flow group are given in Table 26. Table 26: Vehicle Proportions by Time Mode and Flow Group Vehicle Mode** Working Car Commuting Car Other Non Working Car Working LGV Commuting LGV Non-working LGV Working OGV1 Commuting OGV1 Other Non Working OGV1 Working OGV2 Commuting OGV2 Other Non Working OGV2 Working PSV Commuting PSV Other Non Working PSV FLOW GROUP 1 0.10 0.32 0.58 2 0.22 0.20 0.58 0.880 0.026 0.094 1.000 0 0 1.000 0 0 1.000 0 0 3* 0.33 0.33 0.33 4 0.11 0.58 0.31

* Zero hours are entered for Flow Group 3 However, to run the COBA program it is necessary to enter the proportion figures as shown for working, commuting and other non-working cars. ** For vehicle category 1 (normally cars), the flow group to which the proportion relates to must also be specified. Data for all the flow groups used MUST be input. For all other vehicle categories, it is assumed that the proportions apply to all flow groups, so the flow group field must be left blank.

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TRAFFIC GROWTH Forecasts of traffic growth by vehicle category for high and low growth scenarios are included in Table 27. Table 27: Traffic Growth Forecasts: Percentage Growth Per Year Range of Years 2002-2007 2007-2012 2012-2017 2017-2022 2022-2027 2027-2032 2032-2037 2037-2040 CARS AND LGV LOW 2.9986 2.1666 1.5036 1.2258 0.9215 0.6767 0.5340 0.4542 HIGH 4.1873 2.8838 1.9434 1.5538 1.2012 0.9047 0.7274 0.6289 OGV1 AND OGV2 LOW 2.7019 2.2771 1.5841 1.4757 1.3714 1.2671 1.1626 1.0790 HIGH 3.7812 3.0434 2.0519 1.8707 1.7593 1.6281 1.4897 1.3817 LOW 0.340 0.354 0.428 0.518 0.604 0.660 0.660 0.660 PSV HIGH 0.982 1.006 1.090 1.190 1.288 1.360 1.360 1.360

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Enquiries

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Enquiries
All enquiries should be directed to: Transport Economist National Roads Authority St Martins House Waterloo Road Dublin 4.