Ideas In Context 7 Jun 2011 Physics Practice Questions

These questions have been written to help you to prepare for the Ideas in Context Exam on 7 Jun 2011. They should make you think about the physics that relates to the article Rocket Science; some of the questions are written in an examination style and should be similar to questions in the exam. Ive marked the questions T or E to indicate whether they are thinking or exam style questions. Some questions are marked TE youll need to think, but they are exam style too. In the real exam there will be more questions that involve extended writing. 1. TE This question is about the forces on the rocket 2 seconds after liftoff. Look at the diagram of the rocket. Two seconds after lift off the weight of the rocket has dropped to 85N. (a) The thrust force is: 50N 100N 800N 2200N _____________= ______N Label the size of the fores acting on the rocket 2 s after liftoff. (b) The resultant force on the rocket at this moment is _____N upwards / downwards. Drag = ______N

Weight = ______N

2. E

This question is about the rocket five seconds after liftoff. The weight of the rocket now is 80N. The resultant force at this moment is upwards. (a) How big is the resultant force at this moment. Ring the correct answer: 420N 620N 780N 1220N 1380N (b) At this moment the rockets speed is: increasing / decreasing / steady

3. E

This question is about the motion of the rocket when it reaches a height of 2000m. Write T for true or F for false for each statement in the table below. The rocket motor has stopped working by now. The force of air resistance is acting upwards at this point. The forces on the rocket are unbalanced. The force of air resistance is decreasing. The momentum of the rocket is increasing. The weight of the rocket is decreasing. The rockets gravitational potential energy is decreasing The rockets kinetic energy is decreasing.

Ally Davies 2011 www. myphysics.org.uk

Ideas In Context 7 Jun 2011 Physics Practice Questions

4. TE This question is about the speed of the rocket. Use information from the the height time graph to work out your answers. (a) How many seconds after liftoff does the rocket reach its maximum speed? Ring the correct answer. 3s 6s 7s 27s after liftoff. 300m/s 400m/s (b) Between 5s and 10s, the rockets average speed was: 150m/s 200m/s (c) between 15s and 25s after liftoff, the rockets speed was: increasing / decreasing / steady 5. T This question is about interaction pairs (Newtons third law pairs). Complete the following sentences to describe the interaction pairs 5 seconds after liftoff. Use words from the list below (you may use each word, once, more than once, or not at all): upwards, downwards, air, gases, rocket, Earth, gravitational, frictional, magnetic. Thrust Force The rocket pushes the _________ downwards with a force of ________N; the __________ experiences a force of ____N ________ from the _____________. Weight The Earth pulls the rocket towards the ground with a gravitational force of 80N; the ____________ pulls the ____________ towards the ___________ with a ________________ force of _____N. Air Resistance The rocket pushes the air _________ with a frictional force of ______N; the ______ pushes the rocket ___________ with a ___________ force of ______N. 6. T This question is about the forces on the rocket 20s after liftoff. The rocket fuel had a weight of 15N. (a) The weight force of the empty rocket is now: 0N 15N 75N 90N 105N (b) The air resistance force is _______N (c) The thrust force is _______N (d) The resultant force on the rocket is _____N (e) draw an arrow on the rocket to indicate the direction of the resultant force on the rocket. (f) 20s after liftoff, the rockets speed was: increasing / decreasing / steady

Ally Davies 2011 www. myphysics.org.uk

Ideas In Context 7 Jun 2011 Physics Practice Questions

7. E The rocket engine exerts an average force of 2000N for the first 5s after liftoff. Calculate the momentum of the rocket 5s after liftoff. Show your working in the box to the right.

8. E

Twenty seven seconds after liftoff, the rockets weight is 75N. Calculate its gravitational potential energy. Show your working in the box to the right.

9. E

Five seconds after liftoff, the rockets speed is 260m/s. Its mass at this point is 8.2kg. It has reached a height of 500m. Its motor has produced an average force of 2000N for the first 5s. (a) Calculate the work done by the rocket motor in the first 5s Show your working in the space to the right.

(b) (i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the rocket 5s after liftoff. Show your working in the space to the right.

(b) (ii) Calculate the gravitational potential energy at this point. Show your working in the space to the right.

(b) (iii) calculate the total enery of the rocket (KE + GPE) (c) The work done is significantly larger than the total energy of the rocket (GPE + KE). Why is this?
Ally Davies 2011 www. myphysics.org.uk

Ideas In Context 7 Jun 2011 Physics Practice Questions Extension Questions

10. The average air resistance for the first 5 seconds is approximately 150N. Calculate the work done against this force. 11. At 6 seconds, the air resistance reaches its maximum value of 320N. (a) How does this tell you that the rocket is not accelerating at this point?

(b) The thrust is then 396N. Calculate the rockets weight at this moment.

12. The total mass of the waste gases is 1.5kg. What must be the velocity of these exhaust gases if their momentum is 10000 kg m/s? 13. 14. Draw a diagram to show the forces acting on the rocket 27 seconds after liftoff. Draw a diagram to show the forces acting on the rocket 30 seconds after liftoff.

Quick fire graph analysis

These questions should help you to become familiar with the graphs and some of the important points they show. A. What height does the rocket reach? B. When does it reach its highest point? C. What is its speed then? D. When does the rocket motor produce its largest thrust? E. How big is the largest thrust produced? F. At what times is the air resistance zero? G. What do you know about the speed then? H. How does the height-time graph confirm this? I. J. When is the air resistance at its maximum? What is special about the height-time graph at this point?

K. When does the rocket motor run out? L. How high is the rocket at this point? M. How long does the rocket continue to go up after the rocket motor has run out? N. How much extra height does it achieve in this time? O. How does the height-time graph show whats happening to the speed in the first 5 seconds? P. How does the height-time graph show whats happening to the speed between 10 and 25 seconds after liftoff?

Ally Davies 2011 www. myphysics.org.uk

Ideas In Context 7 Jun 2011 Physics Practice Questions

These questions have been written to help you to prepare for the Ideas in Context Exam on 7 Jun 2011. They should make you think about the physics that relates to the article Rocket Science; some of the questions are written in an examination style and should be similar to questions in the exam. Ive marked the questions T or E to indicate whether they are thinking or exam style questions. Some questions are marked TE youll need to think, but they are exam style too. In the real exam there will be more questions that involve extended writing. 1. TE This question is about the forces on the rocket 2 seconds after liftoff. Look at the diagram of the rocket. Two seconds after lift off the weight of the rocket has dropped to 85N. (a) The thrust force is: 50N 100N 800N 2200N __THRUST___= 2200N Label the size of the fores acting on the rocket 2 s after liftoff. (b) The resultant force on the rocket at this moment is 2065N upwards / downwards. (F = T D W = 2200 50 85 = 2065) Drag = 50N

Weight = 85N

2. E

This question is about the rocket five seconds after liftoff. The weight of the rocket now is 80N. The resultant force at this moment is upwards. (a) How big is the resultant force at this moment. Ring the correct answer: 420N 620N 780N 1220N 1380N (b) At this moment the rockets speed is: increasing / decreasing / steady

3. E

This question is about the motion of the rocket when it reaches a height of 2000m. Write T for true or F for false for each statement in the table below. The rocket motor has stopped working by now. The force of air resistance is acting upwards at this point. The forces on the rocket are unbalanced. The force of air resistance is decreasing. The momentum of the rocket is increasing. The weight of the rocket is decreasing. The rockets gravitational potential energy is decreasing The rockets kinetic energy is decreasing.

T F T T F F F T

Ally Davies 2011 www. myphysics.org.uk

Ideas In Context 7 Jun 2011 Physics Practice Questions

4. TE This question is about the speed of the rocket. Use information from the the height time graph to work out your answers. (a) How many seconds after liftoff does the rocket reach its maximum speed? Ring the correct answer. 3s 6s 7s 27s after liftoff. 300m/s 400m/s (b) Between 5s and 10s, the rockets average speed was: 150m/s 200m/s (c) between 15s and 25s after liftoff, the rockets speed was: increasing / decreasing / steady 5. T This question is about interaction pairs (Newtons third law pairs). Complete the following sentences to describe the interaction pairs 5 seconds after liftoff. Use words from the list below (you may use each word, once, more than once, or not at all): upwards, downwards, air, gases, rocket, Earth, gravitational, frictional, magnetic. Thrust Force 1000 gases The rocket pushes the _________ downwards with a force of ________N; the gases rocket __________ experiences a force of 1000 ________ from the _____________. ____N upwards Weight The Earth pulls the rocket towards the ground with a gravitational force of 80N; the rocket rocket rocket ____________ pulls the ____________ towards the ___________ with a 80 gravitational ________________ force of _____N. Air Resistance 320 upwards air The rocket pushes the air _________ with a frictional force of ______N; the ______ frictional pushes the rocket ___________ with a ___________ force of ______N. downwards 320 6. T This question is about the forces on the rocket 20s after liftoff. The rocket fuel had a weight of 15N. (a) The weight force of the empty rocket is now: 0N 15N 75N 90N 105N 25 (b) The air resistance force is _______N 0 (c) The thrust force is _______N (d) The resultant force on the rocket is _____N 100 (e) draw an arrow on the rocket to indicate the direction of the resultant force on the rocket. (f) 20s after liftoff, the rockets speed was: increasing / decreasing / steady

Ally Davies 2011 www. myphysics.org.uk

Ideas In Context 7 Jun 2011 Physics Practice Questions

7. E The rocket engine exerts an average force of 2000N for the first 5s after liftoff. Calculate the momentum of the rocket 5s after liftoff. Show your working in the box to the right. change in momentum = force x time it acts = 2000 x 5 = 10000kg m/s

8. E

Twenty seven seconds after liftoff, the rockets weight is 75N. Calculate GPE = weight x height = 75 x 3750 its gravitational potential energy. = 281 250 J Show your working in the box to the right.

9. E

Five seconds after liftoff, the rockets (a) Work = force x distance (direction of force ) speed is 260m/s. Its mass at this = 2000 x 500 point is 8.2kg. It has reached a height = 1 000 000 J of 500m. Its motor has produced an average force of 2000N for the first 5s. (a) Calculate the work done by the rocket motor in the first 5s Show your working in the space to the right.

(b) (i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the rocket 5s after liftoff. Show your working in the space to the right.

(b) (i) KE = m v2 = 0.5 x 8.2 x 2602 = 277 160 J

(b) (ii) Calculate the gravitational potential energy at this point. Show your working in the space to the right.

(b) (ii) GPE = weight x height = 80 x 500 = 40000 J OR GPE = m g h = 8.2 x 9.8 x 500 = 40000J (b) (iii) total energy = 317 160 J (c) Work is also done against air resistance

(b) (iii) calculate the total enery of the rocket (KE + GPE) (c) The work done is significantly larger than the total energy of the rocket (GPE + KE). Why is this?

Ally Davies 2011 www. myphysics.org.uk

Ideas In Context 7 Jun 2011 Physics Practice Questions Extension Questions

10. The average air resistance for the first 5 seconds is approximately 150N. Calculate the work done against this force. Work = force x distance = 150 x 500 = 75 000 J 11. At 6 seconds, the air resistance reaches its maximum value of 320N. (a) How does this tell you that the rocket is not accelerating at this point? Air resistance increases with speed; if air resistance is at maximum, then speed is maximum; maximum speed means that speed is not increasing; ie not accelerating (b) The thrust is then 396N. Calculate the rockets weight at this moment. As there is no acceleration, the forces must be balanced (Newtons first law) So weight + air resistance = thrust; weight = 396 320 = 76 N

12. The total mass of the waste gases is 1.5kg. What must be the velocity of these exhaust gases if their momentum is 10000 kg m/s? momentum = mass x velocity, so velocity = momentum / mass velocity = momentum / mass = 10000 / 1.5 = 6667 m/s 13. Draw a diagram to show the forces acting on the rocket 27 seconds after liftoff. weight is only force: 75N, acting vertically downwards (no air resistance, as not moving vertically, and no thrust as rocket motor stopped at t = 7 seconds) 14. Draw a diagram to show the forces acting on the rocket 30 seconds after liftoff. weight (75N) acting downwards, air resistance (much less than 76N) acting vertically upwards (rocket is descending)

Quick fire graph analysis

These questions should help you to become familiar with the graphs and some of the important points they show. A. What height does the rocket reach? 3750m B. When does it reach its highest point? 27s C. What is its speed then? zero if its at the top of its flight, then its not moving D. When does the rocket motor produce its largest thrust? 3s (between 2.5 and 3 s) E. How big is the largest thrust produced? 2200 - 2250m F. At what times is the air resistance zero? at t = 0s and t = 27 s G. What do you know about the speed then? it must be zero (air resistance with speed) H. How does the height-time graph confirm this? h - t graph is horizontal (= stationary) I. J. When is the air resistance at its maximum? six seconds What is special about the height-time graph at this point? its straight = steady speed

K. When does the rocket motor run out? t = 7 seconds L. How high is the rocket at this point? 750m (700 to 800m) M. How long does the rocket continue to go up after the rocket motor has run out? 20 s N. How much extra height does it achieve in this time? 2750m O. How does the height-time graph show whats happening to the speed in the first 5 seconds? graph is getting steeper, so the speed is increasing P. How does the height-time graph show whats happening to the speed between 10 and 25 seconds after liftoff? graph is getting flatter, so the speed is decreasing
Ally Davies 2011 www. myphysics.org.uk