The president of the first Philippine republic (1899).

He started as a member of the Magdalo Chapter of the Katipunan in Cavite, then was elected president of the revolutionary government at the Tejeros Convention on March 22,1897, and, later, Biak-na-Bato Republic. He proclaimed Philippine independence at Kawit on June 12, 1898. His capture foreshadowed the end of large-scale armed resistance to American rule

The first Filipino president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under American rule. he helped bring about passage of the Tydings-McDuffie Bill, which established the Commonwealth of the

Emilio Aguinaldo (1869 - 1964) Born: Cavite El Viejo ( now kawit cavite) Died: February 6, 1965 Plaridel Bulacan

Manuel L. Quezon (1878-1944) Born: August 19, 1878 Baler Quezon Died: August 1, 1944 Saranac Lake, United States

Philippines and promised complete independence in 1946. he is known as the "Father of the National Language." he helped bring about passage of the Tydings-McDuffie Bill, which established the Commonwealth of the Philippines and promised complete independence in 1946.

He had been secretary of the interior (1923), senator (1925 - 1931), delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1934), and chief justice during the commonwealth. As president, he defended Filipino interests and resisted Japanese efforts to draft Filipinos into the Japanese military service. Upon return of the American forces, Laurel was imprisoned in Japan when Douglas Macarthur occupied that country. He was returned to the Philippines to face charges of treason, but these were dropped when President Roxas issued an amnesty proclamation. In the Third Republic, he was elected senator and negotiated the Laurel-Langley Agreement.

Jose P. Laurel (1891 - 1939) Born: March 9 1891, Tanauan Batangas Died: November 6, 1959, Manila Philippines

The first Filipino national leader under the American regime as

Sergio Osmea, Sr. (1878 - 1961) Born: September 8, 1878 Cebu City Died: October 19, 1961 Quezon city

speaker of the Philippine assembly and the second president of the Philippines. Osmena was a notable figure in the struggle for independence. He was the founder of the Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista). Together with Manuel Roxas, Sergio Osmena went on a mission to the United States to request the U.S. Congress to grant the Philippines its independence. The mission was named Mission OSROX.

In 1948, he declared amnesty for those arrested for collaborating with the Japanese during World War II, except for those who had committed violent crimes. Roxas was successful in getting rehabilitation funds from the United States after independence Roxas served as the President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in a brief period, from his subsequent election on May 28, 1946 to July 4, 1946, the scheduled date of the proclamation of Philippine Independence. Roxas then became the stand-bearer for presidency for the Liberal Party.

Manuel Roxas (1892 - 1948) Born: January 1, 1892 Roxas City Died: April 15, 1945 Clark Air Base Pampanga

Elpidio Quirino (18901956) Born: November 16, 1890 Vigan Ilocos Sur Died: February 25, 1956 Quezon city

As vice president during Manuel Roxass term, he was also secretary of foreign affairs.

He became president when Roxas died in 1948. He was elected president in his own right in 1949. the Philippines were marked by notable postwar reconstruction, general economic gains, and increased economic aid from the United States. It was also during his term that the RP-US Mutual Defense Treaty was approved on August 30, 1951.

He had been President Quirinos secretary of defense who was instrumental is suppressing the HUK rebellion. As president, he persuaded Congress to pass the Agricultural Tenancy Act (1954). It was during his term that the Retail Trade Nationalization Act was passed. He secured revisions in the Bell Trade Act and was the first president to revise the US Military Bases agreement to bring it more in line with Philippine interests.

Ramon Magsaysay (1907 - 1957) Born: Died: August 31, 1907 Iba Zambales

March 17, 1957 Balamban

Carlos P. Garcia (1896 - 1971) Born: November 4, 1896 Talibon Bohol Died: June 14, 1971 Tagbilaran Bohol

Remembered for his Filipino First Policy. He was among the founders of the Association for Southeast Asia (1963), the precursor of the Association for Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). he acted on the BohlenSerrano Agreement which shortened the lease of the US Bases from 99 years to 25 years and made it renewable after every five years. approved a bill outlawing the Communist Party of the Philippines.

He asked Congress to pass the Agricultural Land Reform Code, which abolished share tenancy and installed a leasehold system in its place; it finally passed on August 8, 1963. This was a significant step toward resolving the agrarian problem. It was during his presidency that Independence Day was moved from July 4 to June 12, the date when General Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine independence in Cavite. Maphilindo was described as a regional association that would approach issues of common concern in the spirit of consensus. Diosdado Macapagal (1910 - 1997) However, it was also perceived as a tactic on the Born: September 28, 1910 Lubao Pampanga parts of Jakarta and Ferdinand Marcos (1917 - 1989) Manila to delay, or even Died: April 21, 1997 Makati Metro Manila Born: September 11, 1917 Sarrat Ilocos Sur Died: September 28, 1989 Honolulu Hawaii

prevent, the formation of the Federation of Malaysia. Manila had its own claim to Sabah (formerly British North Borneo),and Jakarta protested the formation of Malaysia as a British imperialist plot.

Declared martial law on September 21, 1972.

After the People Power revolution in February 1986, he was ousted from power and lived in exile in Honolulu, Hawaii.

With Salvador Laurel as running mate, she led the opposition that overthrew the authoritarian government of Marcos, who went into exile after the successful Peoples Power revolution of 1986. She first established a revolutionary government under the Freedom Constitution, later replaced by the Constitution of 1987, which served as the basis for reestablishing democracy.

Corazon Cojuangco Aquino (1933 - 2009) As head of the Constabulary under President Born: January 25, 1993 Paniqui, Tarlac Marcos, he was instrumental in Died: August 1, 2009 Makati Metro Manila helping to design and implement martial law. Together with General Ponce Enrile and the RAM, he defected from the government in 1986 and joined the Peoples Power revolution that ousted Marcos from power. His presidency is remembered for better integrating the national economy in the global scheme.

Fidel V. Ramos (1928 - Present ) Born: March 18, 1928 Lingayen, Pangasinan During his term in office, he was arrested and stood trial at a congressional impeachment hearing on charges of accepting bribes and corruption.

While this trial was aborted when the senators voted 11 to 10 not to open incriminating evidence against him, he was ousted Joseph Estrada (1937 - Present ) from power anyway as a Born: April 19, 1937 Tondo, Manila peaceful Peoples Power II revolution arose and called for his resignation.

She served as vice president under President Estrada and became president when he was forced to step down for malfeasance, through the Peoples Power II revolution. PGMA has confronted some of the same obstacles as did her father, President Diosdado Macapagal, when he tried to clean up corruption in government.

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (1947 - Present ) Born: April 5, 1947 San Juan, Rizal

4 PS - Pantawid-Pangkabuhayan sa Pamilyang Pilipino being given by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) to less fortunate households. Parent-beneficiaries are given P500 pesos plus three children -recipients of P300 pesos each for education stipends. Additional budget for the Education sector as new curriculum started. K12 is patterned from the US Educational System that has its middle school (additional 2 years) for the students to graduate.

Benigno Simeon Aquino III ( 1960 present) Born: February 8, 1960 Manila

Steadfast decision over Spratly disputes. signed Executive Order No. 1, establishing a commission to investigate allegations of anomalies during the last nine (9) years. The process of bringing a necessary closure to the allegations of official wrongdoing and impunity.

Social Science

Philippine Presidents

Submitted by: Mary Joyce Nolasco Pitogo DHRM-1F