THE UNION

F Nov. 9th 2011

Joseph Yus amazing paper on the civil war

Civil War

Northern Brothers

VS

Southern Brothers

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Table of Contents

Page1.........................cover Page2.........................table of contents Page3.........................resources Page4.........................resources Page5.........................leaders Page6.........................leaders Page7.........................battles Page8.........................battles Page9.........................minority groups Page10.........................minority groups Page11.........................camp life and home life Page12.........................camp life and home life Page13.........................effects of civil war Page14.........................reconstruction Page15.........................bibliography

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SECTION 1
Resources: -The North had 2/3 of the nations population, which meant they had more people to enroll into the army. -They had major transportation routes, such as railroads, canals, and main highways. This made their transportation of resources very fast. - Their navy was dominant in the sea. -The North was industrialized, so they could make produce supplies and ship them faster than the South.

Getting ready for war

Army Preparation: There were recruits for soldiers. A typical union soldier was a farmer,
who volunteered to put down the rebellion and defend his home country.

The volunteers were organized into regiments. A regiment is made up of 10 companies, which are commanded by a captain and 2 lieutenants. The regiments were organized, clothed, fed, and armed by the state government, that the regiments were assigned. Once the regiments were organized, they were turned over to the Federal government. Many regiments were enrolled for 3-6 months, and on average they served in the war for 3 years.
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IO UN

N
Typical Union soldiers uniform consisted of: Fatigue blouse: A light wool coat, that had an inside pocket and 4 brass buttons. Forage cap: A union cap. Soldiers put brass numbers on top of the cap to specify their regiment numbers. Bootees: Army boots. Union army boots were made very well and lasted a long time. Often times soldiers nailed iron horse shoes to make the boots last longer. Belt: This included a cap box, cartridge box, and a bayonet scabbard. The cartridge box had 40 cartridges and the cap box had percussion caps. Knapsack: Soldiers put personal belongings in their knapsacks. Haversack:Soldiers carried rations, such as pork, hardtack, coffee, and extra packages of ammunition. Canteen: Canteens had a wool cloth or cotton surrounding its body, so when the cloth or the cotton got wet, it would cool down the water.

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Section 2 Commanders and conflict

John Pope
(March 16, 1822-September 23, 1892)

Born on March 16, 1822, in Louisville, Kentucky. He graduated from West Point as a second lieutenant in the Topographical Engineers. He was stationed under Zachary Taylor, in the Mexican-American war. He was the Major General at one point. He was given command of District North and Central Missouri, Army of Mississippi, Army of Virginia, and Department of the Northwest. He had major victories along the Mississippi river, including the siege against General P.G.T. (Island No. 10.). He also commanded the Second battle of Bull Run and New Madrid. When he resigned and was promoted to a brigadier general in the regular Federal Army. Interesting fact: His father was a prominent Illinois judge, who was close to Abraham Lincoln.

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Joseph Hooker
(1814-1879)

Graduated West Point Academy in 1837 and served in the Mexican-American war as captain of artillery. In the civil war he commanded the division in the Army of Potomac during the Peninsula Campaign, and was promoted to major general of volunteers later on. He was involved in the Battle of Second Bull Run, Battle of Antietam, Battle of Fredericksburg, and Battle of Chancellorsville. He remained active in duty until 1868.
The term hooker, which means prostitute was coined after his last name. The women around him exhibited the characteristics of the word.

Robert Gould Shaw

(1837-1863)

He withdrew from Harvard after 3 years. Served as a captain in the 2nd Massachusetts, until Massachusetts governor John Andrew assigned him to the 54th Massachusetts. The 54th Massachusetts was the first regiment made up of black troops.

He avoided an injury when a bullet hit his pocket watch.

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Battles!
Battle of Antietam
Generals: Union: Major General George B. McClellan Confederate: General Robert E. Lee Location: Sharpsburg, Maryland Outcome: Inconclusive (Union victory strategically) 23100 casualties Why: General McClellan confronted General Lee in Maryland. Hookers army attacked first and started the bloodiest one day battle of American military history. This battle caused the Confederate army to retreat back across the Potomac River. Also this battle caused President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

Gettysburg
Generals: Union: Major General George G. Meade Confederate: General Robert E. Lee Location: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Outcome: Union Victory. 51000 casualties(28000 Confederate) Why: Robert E. Lee attempted to invade the North and end the war. The Picketts charge failed and ended the war. This was the bloodiest battle of the war. It went on for 3 days.

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Siege of Vicksburg
Location: Vicksburg, Mississippi Generals: Union: Major General Ulysses S. Grant Confederate: Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton Outcome: Union victory. 19233 casualties (10,142 were Union) Why: This was the last stronghold the Confederates had on the the Mississippi river. What happened: General Ulysses Grant surrounded Vicksburg and sieged it. This was one of the most brilliant military campaigns of the war.

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Minority Groups
African Americans
The slaves were freed, they were then called freemen. The 15th and the 14th amendment rights to vote and other rights. Some of them actually held office in local, state and federal government. Even though the Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves in rebel states and the Civil war ended slavery, hatred was still going on in the country. Hatred against the blacks formed a group, called the Ku-Klux-Klan (or KKK). Grant tried to get rid of the KKK by the Enforcement Act of 1870, but it was declared unconstitutional; because the 1st amendment.

Women
Women served in the war as nurses. Dorothea Dix became the nations first superintendent of women nurses. To prevent romance, she recruited plain looking women, who were at least 30. Clara Barton was called the angel of the battlefield, after she was on the battle of Antietam to cure soldiers.

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Immigrants

Many European immigrants joined the army because they were against slavery. The immigrants consisted of French, German, and Irish immigrants. About 400,000 immigrants served. Out of these 170,000 were Irish and 216000 were German.

Spies
Spies were used in the civil war. They were dressed in the other sides attire and acted like they were on their side. Surprisingly many of them were women.

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Section 3 : Lives during the war

Soldiers in the front
Soldiers on both sides suffered from the poor conditions. Diseases such as diarrhea, body lice, and dysentery were common. Confederate soldiers often ate cush, a stew of small cubes of beef and crumbled cornbread mixed with bacon grease. Union soldiers ate beans, bacon, and hardtack (square biscuits supposedly hard enough to stop bullets).
The soldiers usually served for 3 years, if they didnt die. The run away soldiers were often put into prison camps or sometimes they were killed.

At least 618,000 soldiers died in the civil war.

It was required to wash their face and hands once a week and take a complete bath once a week, but many failed to follow these regulations
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LIFE IN THE HOMES

Because the men were gone, women took over the mens jobs and worked to support their families. Because most of money were used to fund the war, there were difficulties in the homes. Also the South suffered food shortages and inflation in prices rose.

Usually the people living near the battlefields were forced to move.

Disagreements about the war happened in the homes. In some families the son joined the Union, while the father joined the Confederates.

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Effects of Civil
Losses: -At least 618,000 men died in the Civil War. -The towns in the South were demolished. -Families were torn apart.

Gain: -Slavery officially ended. -14th and 15th amendments were passed to give the Freedmen civil rights and voting rights. -The Union was preserved. -The Northern economy boomed because the use of resources, such as uniforms and weapons, made the factories running.

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Reconstruction
Because 70% of the Southern economy was destroyed and they were part of the Union, the North had to reconstruct the destroyed towns of the South.

The Congress 14th and the amendment to Blacks civil

passed the 15th give rights.

Originally Lincolns plan was proposed, but he was assassinated. Therefore, Johnson became president and his plans were proposed. However, his plans were too lenient of the South. Therefore, the Congress constructed a plan.

The South gained an educational plan and reconstructed the towns. Scalawags and Carpetbaggers went to the South to gain money and help the South retrieve their normal lives.

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Bibliography

Civil War Army Terms. The American Civil War. Web. 09. Nov. 2011. <http:// americancivilwar.com/kids_zone/civil_war_army_terms.html> Union Soldier Civil War The American Civil War. Web. 09. Nov. 2011. < http:// americancivilwar.com/kids_zone/union_soldier_civil_war.html> Major General John Pope About. Web. 09. Nov. 2011. <http://militaryhistory.about.com/ od/army/ig/Selected-Union-Generals/Maj--Gen--John-Pope.htm> "Battle of Gettysburg - Civil War Battle of Gettysburg." American History From About. Web. 05 Nov. 2011. <http:// americanhistory.about.com/od/civilwarbattles/p/cwbattle_getty.htm>. John Pope Civil War. Web. 09. Nov. 2011.< http://www.civilwar.com/people/20-union- generals/148519-john-pope.html> Joseph Hooker Civil War. Web. 09. Nov. 2011. < http://www.civilwar.com/people/20-union- generals/146830-joseph-hooker.html > Civil War Robert Gould Shaw About. Web. 09. Nov. 2011. < http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/ 1800sarmybiographies/p/rgshaw.htm> Battle of Antietam About. Web. 09. Nov. 2011. <http://americanhistory.about.com/od/civilwarbattles/p/ cwbattle_antie.htm> Siege of Vicksburg. About. Web. 09. Nov. 2011. < http://americanhistory.about.com/od/civilwarbattles/p/ cwbattle_vicks.htm> American Civil War: European Recruits. Spartacus. Web. 09. Nov. 2011. <http:// www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAcivilwarE.htm> Women Spies in History. About. Web. 09. Nov. 2011. <http://womenshistory.about.com/od/spies/ Women_Spies_in_History.htm> The Price in Blood! Civil War Home. Web. 09. Nov. 2011. <http://www.civilwarhome.com/casualties.htm > Civil War Effects. Ket. Web. 09. Nov. 2011. <http://www.ket.org/civilwar/primary.html> Danzer, Gerald, J. Jorge Klor de Alva, Larry S. Krieger, Louis E. Wilson, and Nancy Woloch. The Americans. USA: McDougal Littell, 2009. Print.

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