1. Peer Review of Coal fired thermal power plants and best practices in Power generation India Country Perspective.

. Shri VS Verma Member Planning CEA gave presentation on India country perspective. He presented a brief overview of Indian Power Sector. Total installed capacity of India excluding Captive Power generation is 141080 MW excluding the captive generation of about 14000 MW. Plant Load factor of Indian power plants is continuously increasing and has reached 77.7%. Indian Power Generation is largely dominated by Coal based generation with thermal generation constituting about 79% of total generation. Total capacity addition during XI plan period ( 2007-12) is expected to be 104427 MW. 75% of this addition will be through thermal power plants. 78,427 MW capacity is planned to be added through conventional Coal, Gas, Lignite, Hydro and Nuclear Power generation. !400 MW is planned though renewable and 1200 MW capacity is expected to be added through captive generation. Total; installed capacity on 31 March 2012 is expected to be 224756 MW. 82200 MW have been planned to be added during 2012-2017. He also presented the brief overview of transmission capacity in India and future plans for addition of transmission capacity. He stated that total 37700 MW of transmission capacity will be available at the end of March 2012. Indias position on green house gas emission was also highlighted. He stated that Indias per capita CO2 emission is amongst the lowest in the world and it contributes to around 4% of the world total. However India is committed to the global goal of reducing green house emissions, continually reducing CO2 emissions on tCO2/MWh) basis is showing decling trends. India is the first CDM country to publish its power plant base line data for CO2 emissions. CDM projects have already been registered using CEAs baseline emission factors. Renovation and Modernization of old Plants, Energy Efficiency Improvement Demand side management and reduction in T&D Losses are main areas to take up the CDM projects. Government has initiated many programs for efficiency improvement. They include improving energy efficiency, Promoting Hydro and renewable energy, Promotion of Clean coal technology, Power sector reforms, Energy infrastructure Development, Coal Washing, Environmental Quality Management. Major initiatives are energy conservation through legislation for this energy conservation act has been passed.. Promotion of Renewable and Hydro resources and retiring old power plants with low efficiency during (XI Plan) 2007-2012 period. Clean coal technologies such as super critical, CFBC and IGCC are being adopted or explored. Government has initiated a UMPP policy for

construction of Large size efficient super critical units. Advanced super critical steam parameters are being used in upcoming power plants. India is member of CSLF forum and is contributing and participating in Future-Gen Project. India is an active member of Asia Pacific Partnership. Efficiency improvement program with USAID is already under progress. India is mapping its thermal power plants under Indo German program. National awards for improving performance of thermal power stations, reducing T&D losses , and energy conservation have been instituted. Need for improving the efficiency of old units through R&M has been recognized.. Future approach towards R&M has a shift from Generation Maximization to Plant Performance Optimization. Study on efficiency Integrated R&M has been taken up with the objective of improving efficiency capacity and reliability in cost effective manner and to go beyond the restoration of design conditions. Detailed methodology has been proposed for this Parameters to be monitored for improvement of thermal power plants have been identified. Measures to improve the performance of Thermal Power Stations have been suggested such as Training of O&M personnel regularly, Improvement in O&M Practices, Proper Spares Inventory, Organising daily management meetings and Improve General house keeping of the Plant

2. Brown Coal Best Practices Garry Smith Mitsui, Australia Garry Smith from Mitsui, Australia gave his presentation on Brown coal Best Practices in Latrobe valley, Australia. Brown coal accounts for about 25% of the total generation. It contains very less amount of Ash (about 2.5% on dry basis) and a large amount of Moisture (about 60-65%) LHV is in the range of 3700 btu/lb. Cost of electricity by burning brown coal is low but the CO2 emission per unit generated is high as compared to other sources. He discussed the steps being taken to improve efficiency and reduce carbon emission. Recent Plant improvements include Excess air reduction, ESP Power Reduction, Turbine upgrades, Condenser Refit, Replacement of low duty pumps and motors. Reduction in Oxygen level from 2.8% to 1.8% has been shown to be feasible. It can increase the efficiency by about 1%, Reduction in Aux Power consumption of the order of 1 MW and 35 Kt/Annum Based on operational history, the load of ESP was reduced to 20% of design which resulted in power saving of about 9 GWh/year. Pulse energization is being investigated to reduce the ESP load further. Turbine cylinders and condensers replacement in old plants can increase the efficiency and out put of the plant considerably. For example in Loy Yang power plant HP and IP cylinders were replaced and condenser was replace by new Titanium condenser. It resulted in MCR improvement from 520 MW to 565 MW and efficiency improvements. Many auxiliaries are conservatively designed and actual operation is well below the design point. Air compressors were replaced and fire service pumps were augmented with low duty pumps. Garry Smith also discussed the steps being taken since Tokyo (2007) for future efficiency improvement, which are centered on drying of coal. Hazzelwood 2030 project, ETIS R&D program MTE Test Program and HRL 400 MW IDGCC demonstration plant were discussed in this category. Hazelwood 2030 project aims for demonstration of integrated large scale coal drying and post combustion capture of CO2. Captured CO2 will be converted to inert material Calcium Carbonate. ETIS project is jointly funded by Govt, Research organizations, and Power generators and is based on oxyfuel combustion focusing on post

combustion capture of CO2. Alstom and RWE will be the project partners and project duration is from 2008-2010. Mechanical thermal expression is a promising technology with inherent washing and cleaning of coal and is more energy efficient than drying. Coal is heated in a pressurized vessel and water is squeezed out mechanically from the coal. He gave brief introduction about all these projects and elaborated benefits of these projects. IDGCC technology is Integrated Drying and Gasification Combined Cycle technology will reduce CO2 emission by about 30% after completion of the project. The plant is expected to commence operation in 2010. It will also pave the way for brown coal based generation technology with carbon capture.

3. Energy-saving, Emission Reduction through Scientific & Technological Innovation-China Power industry and China Guodian Corporation in 2007 by: Mr. Shusheng Lin The presentation of China Guodian Delegation briefly introduces the efforts and achievements of China and China Guodian Corporation in energy conservation and emission reduction through technological innovation in 2007. The presentation comprises 3 parts. The first part introduces how the Chinese power industry and in particular, China Guoidan Corporation, work on energy saving and emission reduction in thermal power plants. On one hand, the existing coal-fired units were retrofitted with desulfurization and deNOx facilities. On the other hand, following the policies of Chinese government, the small thermal power units with high energy consumption and emission have been gradually replaced by units with higher efficiency. Further more, Guodian actively promote CDM and has developed CDM Plan. The second part focuses on the clean energy exploration of China and China Guodian Corporation; including hydropower, wind power and biomass power generation. China has made a significant progress in wind power generation and Guodian takes the lead. In hydropower exploration, China has sped up the construction and Guodian has set up clear strategies for future development. While in the biomass power generation, Guodian makes remarkable breakthrough in critical technologies and power station construction. And the last part gives introduction to the high technologies developed and/or spread by Guodian Corporation, with emphasis on three areas: desulfurization and deNox technology; plasma ignition technology and non oil power plant; energy performance contracting. All these technologies contributes a lot to the efforts of Guodian for energy saving and emission reduction.

4. Result of the 1st Peer Review Activities and Sectoral Approach in Power Sector- Japan The presentation was made on behalf of a group of Japanese Power Companies including TEPCO, Chubu Electric Power, Kansai Electric Power Co., Energia, Kyushu Electric Power Co., and EPDC. The Presentation highlighted the need for development of data base of review items, checklist for efficiency improvement and a handbook for wider dissemination of accumulated knowledge during the Peer Review. The presentation highlighted the large dependence of partner countries on coal and the relatively poorer efficiency of such plants in some of the countries compared to prevalent efficiency in Japan. The presentation also highlighted the huge potential for reduction in CO2 emissions by improvement in efficiency by adopting the best practices in the partner countries. Many of the existing power stations are very old and have seen a considerable degradation in efficiency compared to design. However, in Japan thorough O&M practices have assumed that even aged power plants have their thermal efficiency very close to its original figures. The 1st Peer Review Activity was held in April 2007 in Japan and focused on maintaining & improving thermal efficiency of aged coal fired Thermal Power Plants. There were 37 participants form China, India , Korea, USA & Australia. The team exchanged opinions on factors causing thermal efficiency deterioration and visited a Power Station (Hitachi ..) and a regional heat supply facility (Haruni STriton Square). Following factors were identified as fundamental for efficiency improvement: Organizing & analyzing the historal maintenance information. Monitoring & analyzing the operating information. Integrating the above information ^ developing long term O&M progress.

A common recognition of importance of day to day operational management was developed through the peer review. The importance of day to day operational management in energy and cost saving and reduction in emissions and sharing of best practices through Peer Review was stressed. The presentation focused on Sectoral Approach in Power Sector and stressed the importance of Peer Review Activities in maintaining efficiency of existing power plants. Deployment of best available technology in upcoming plants & accelerating R&D for clean coal generation, nuclear generation, T&D system stabilization etc. were stressed.

5. GHG Reduction Strategy in Electric Power Industry - Jong-Han Jung, Korea East-West PowerCo, Ltd., Korea Mr Jungs presentation focused on Strategies for Green House Gas Reduction in Korea with particular mention of reduction strategies in Power Generation Sector. The presentation covered the rapid economic growth in Korea, power sector organization in Korea, Government Policies for reduction in GHG emissions, Status of Power Sector GHG emissions and the response strategy. Korea has made rapid economic growth and is the worlds 11th largest economy. The installed power generation in Korea is over 381 TW and is about 7 times the power generation capacity in 1976. The Korean government is focusing on lowering the rate of rise GHG emission by establishing low carbon energy demand and supply system, by improving energy efficiency in demand sector, revitalization of GHG reduction activities in industries and expanding the application of clean energy. To meet the above objectives task force for specific sectors including government, industry, and R&D groups have been composed for implementation of governments policies against the global warming.10 TF teams from different sectors like Power Generation, Oil Refining, Steel, Petrochemical, Cement, Pulp, Automobile, Semiconductor, Display, and NG supply have been composed for intensive activities in these sectors. Power generation is one of them and 5 electric power companies and Korea power exchange are members of it. The program has been implemented and the GHG emission growth rate has reduced from 5% in 1990-2002 to 2.8% in 2005-07. Korean government is also focusing on establishing a low carbon energy system with hydrogen economy and new & renewable energy. It is planned to increase the generation from renewable sources from the existing 3% to 5% by 2011. An improvement of 8.6% in energy efficiency is being planned in 2005-07 by expanding tax credits for energy saving investments. Korean government is trying to optimize the energy mix by maintaining a nuclear energy generation between 38 % and 40% of the total capacity, promoting combined heat and power systems and promote gas based power plants. By the year of 2006, the ratio of low carbon energy sources, like nuclear and renewable energy, has been increased continuously. On the other hand, facilities with fossil fuel have been decreased. The presentation also highlighted the efforts of the Korean government in development of clean technologies. Korea is developing energy saving

technologies and high efficiency automobiles by 2009. Efforts are also focused on technologies for production, storage and utilization of hydrogen and commercialization of the technology of carbon dioxide Capture & Sequestration. The speaker highlighted the fact that thermal efficiencies of power plants in Korea is one of the best in the world and therefore the scope for reduction in GHG emissions by improvement is not high. However, due to other steps like improving the fuel mix CO2 emission per kWh will be slightly increased by the year of 2010, and then will go down to point three seven by 2015. CO2 emission per kW-hr is also one of the lowest in Korea. The efficiencies of the generating station are getting higher. As a result of construction of 500MW coal-fired plant and LNG combined cycle, the efficiency in the generating facility is top level in the world.

The GHG Task Force team comprising of Members are Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Energy, 5 Thermal Power Companies, Korea Power Exchange, POSCO Power, KEPRI, and KEEI is aiming to establish the Plan of Voluntary GHG Mitigation in Power sector and to build up the online GHG emission management system including emission statistics.

6. Asia Pacific Partnership USA Overview Presented by Jim Hendricks Edison Electric Institute. The presentation focused on efforts in USA to meet the objective of Asia Pacific Partnership. The partner countries which includes Australia, Canada, China, Japan, India, Republic of Korea, United States has the objective Meet goals for energy security, national air pollution reduction, and climate change in ways that promote sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. The USA has over 1000 GW of installed capacity and 17000 Electric Generation coal based power plant supply 51% of the installed capacity with Nuclear supplying 20%, Natural Gas 17%, Hydro 7%, Oil 3% and Renewable energy 2%. The electricity demand is expected to grow by 50% by the year 2030. Very few coal fired power plants have been installed in the last decade (2500 MW) being more than 30 years old. A sizeable capacity (10+000 MW) is more than 20-30 years old. The average heat rate for coal fired (black-coal) power plants is 10397 KH/KW-hr while the best figure is 8785 KJ/KW-hr. The power generation industry in USA faces major challenges due to changing quality, upgradation of Emission Controls, growth in load demand, extended time between major outages, financial consideration & loss of experienced personnel in power industry. US efforts in APP projects were led by AEP with 100 engineers participating in the programme in October/November 2006. In this programme AEP covered a host of technical issues like modification to Turbine, Steam Generators & BOP, operational improvements, maintenance and inspection practices, performance monitoring for efficiency improvement. Information & data availability across the company, scrubber / SCP operation and training & Development was also covered in the session. AEP also gave a design overview of Ultra Supercritical Pulverized coal units and IGCC plants planned by AEP. USA also hosted the Hydro-electric Generation Efficiency improvement project in August 2007 which was attended by more than 50 engineers from China, India, Japan, Korea and USA. The vent was led by Duke Energy and First Energy and included a convention & visit to Pumped Storage Facility in NC, SC & New Jersey. The programme shared practices in Maintenance & Preventive Maintenance, control modification, automation rehabilitation & life extension, efficiency improvements and capacity addition and also discussed equipments & materials problems and solution.

The presentation focused on APP Projects being developed by USA. The following are the major projects: Demand side Management Feb/March2008. Wind Power Project Mid 2008. Transmission Project TBD. Distribution Project TBD. Hydro-electric Follow-up TBD

7. NTPC LTD., Striving for Greener Future National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd. was formed in 1975 to focus on Thermal Power Generation. IN 2004, NTPC became a listed company with 10.5% of the equity held by public & the remaining with the Govt. It is the 4th largest Indian Company with a market capitalization of more than $50 billion. The presentation highlighted NTPCs efforts in improving energy efficiency, promotion of technologies for clean energy production and environmental management. NTPC own about 20% of the installed power generation capacity with 27904 MW in thermal power plants and is also setting up hydro power plants. NTPC is venturing into diverse areas of power like coal mining, oil/gas exploration and is also planning to enter into nuclear power generation. The presentation highlighted the Companys programme to increase its generation capacity from the present 27904 MW to 51000 MW by 2012 and 75000 MW by 2017. In order to meet the above objectives, the company is planning a major diversification including backward, lateral & forward integration and also into power generation service sector. The presentation highlighted NTPCs achievements in Power Plant operation & project management. NTPC has consistently achieved PLF well above the national average over the past decade and improved its performance consistently. NTPC has consistently demonstrated its capability in turning around poorly performing stations owned by SEBs. PLF of old plants owned by SEBs have been raised form less than 20% to more than 85%. The presentation highlighted NTPCs efforts to continuously improve the efficiency of its power plant by adopting improved steam parameters. NTPC has also focused on improving the efficiency of the combined cycle power plants by adopting advanced class machines with better heat rate & lower emissions. The presentation highlighted NTPCs work in development of Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) technology suitable to Indian coal through two independent studies and the problems associated with the technology for Indian coals. NTPC is also working towards further development in the field. The company has also adopted and is planning to adopt more energy efficient system for balance of plant. The presentation highlighted the companys effort in ensuring safe & reliable power generation at maximum efficiency by adopting state of the out control system and modern electrical system inside the plant and also for power evaluation. The company has also initiated collaborations with academic institutions for improvement in plant efficiency and reliability. The presentation highlighted the companys efforts at environmental management. All stations are ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certified.

Some of worlds largest ESPs are installed in India and FGC systems are being adopted at older stations for abatement in SPM emissions. The presentation highlighted NTPCs environmental management system in monitoring and controlling pollutants by setting up integrated effluent treatment plants, ash water recycling system to reduce effluent discharge upgradation of environmental control systems in older power plants and afforestation programs. The company is working towards development of renewable energy and plans to install 1000 MW by renewable sources by 2017. The company is focusing on Distributed Generation through renewable sources for maximum coverage in remote rural areas. The presentation highlighted the companys contribution in improving the sectoral availability by sharing their O&M best practices with SEB plants through the PIE program. NTPC assisted stations to generate additional 2833 million units under this program. The company has set up CENPEEP in collaboration with USAID to to implement Indo-US project of Greenhouse Gas Pollution Prevention Project (GEP). CENPEEP has partnership with different international institutions like DOE, NETL and power utilities in India to access and transfer state-of-art technologies to improve efficiency and reliability. CENPEEPs efforts in identifying efficiency gaps and implementation of solution have resulted in significant reduction in GHG emissions. The presentation highlighted CENPEEPs efforts in widespread dissemination of best practices in the field of power generation through workshops, trainings, demonstrations and guidelines. In order to meet the growing capacity demand and reducing the engineering cycle time, the company has adopted a host of IT enabled services for standardization of system and latest diagnostic tools for major equipments. The company is focusing on improvement of availability through Reliability based Maintenance and Risk Evaluation and Prioritization in its existing power stations. Well defined guidelines for plant O&M, efficiency monitoring and recommissioning have ensured high availability of stations even ater long periods of operation. Specific efforts have been taken for monitoring and lowering the plants auxiliary power consumption by use of VFD, equipment wise monitoring etc. Formation of knowledge teams in functional areas and specialized training programs have helped in wider dissemination of best practices.

8. APP Peer Review Activities - The Procedure for Reviewing Efficiency Based on The Efficiency Checklist For The Coal-fired Power Plants - Shinichi Taniguchi, Tokyo Electric Power Company. Mr. Taniguchi presented a methodology for peer review activities proposed by Japan. The presentation focused on a step wise procedure for reviewing efficiency based on the efficiency checklist for the coal-fired power plants. Comparison of thermal efficiencies with design values and similar power stations was the first step in the effort for improving efficiency. During the 1st Peer Review held at Japan, it was recognized that O&M work procedure contributed to the difference of efficiency. Organizing and analyzing the historical maintenance information, Collecting the information supplied by OEM, Analyzing the operating information, and Integrating them and planning a long term program was critical to maintaining efficiencies at the design levels. Reinforcement of O&M foundation should be the immediate focus before any decision on major investments is made to improve plant efficiency. The presentation highlighted the following deliverables at the end of Peer Review in Japan: - The commencement of the peer review activities - Green Hand Book which is an instruction for O&M technologies, and - The efficiency checklist for the coal-fired power plants. The Efficiency Review Checklist was developed to put the items on the checklist into practice. The Checklist provides a step wise procedure for the efficiency review checklist. As a first step, the plant specification and design data and historical data shall be collected. The focal points for the site observation are decided based on the review of the collected data. Station problems shall be shared among the station staff by using images and analysis of historical operation data, review of the functional abnormalities and thermal efficiency and physical causes for the problems shall be identified. Station Operation and major Maintenance activities and incidents shall be reviewed during the site visit. In the next step, counter measures to overcome the problems shall be identified and cost and implementation plans shall be finalized. Efficiency recovery on account of proposed measures shall be evaluated and improvements in O&M procedures shall be recommended. The Japanese peer review team shall help the site in evaluating the efficiency recovery and suggesting improvements in O&M procedures. The

presentation stressed the importance of persistent efforts to improve the O&M procedures in improving the plant reliability and efficiency. The presentation proposed that the peer review team shall be divided into smaller groups during the site visits to confirm the data as discussed above. The peer review will also collect data on man power deployment to understand the current O&M practice. The presentation proposed a merit order of electricity generation based on fuel cost, unit availability, unit condition, transmission loss, network problems etc. These basic factors are common for all of us whether those came from IPP companies bidding for generation in the electricity market, or those from utility companies.

9. Implementation of By Mr. Dan Keck

the

Efficiency

Review

Checklist

at

AEP

AEP is the largest power utility in US with presence in Power Generation, transmission & distribution. The company has over 37,000 MW of installed capacity with a range of fuel mix including coal, natural gas / oil, nuclear, solar, hydro & wind. Coal from the bulk of the generation capacity with 75% and the utility is the largest consumer of coal in the western hemisphere. The presentation focused on implementation of Efficiency Checklist at some of AEP owned power station leading to savings of over $ 1 million in 2007 based on efficiency implementations. The checklist is used for Heat Rate Assessment and recommendation for improvement based on controllable and uncontrollable parameters. As a part of this programme, a team of experts meets Plant Champions to identify specific problems in the unit. The team then breaks out into smaller groups to collect data and review checklist in specific areas. The findings of the different teams are then reviewed to finalize the recommendations and ensure that the plant is in agreement with all the recommendations. Each problem is classified into controllable or uncontrollable parameters. In case of uncontrollable problems, feasibility changing design is studied and action taken accordingly. The presentation reviewed some of the uncontrollable or off-design parameters in Boiler & Turbines and presented a checklist for identifying the problem. The presentation also covered checklist for a range of controllable parameters for heat rate improvement. For each controllable parameter, readings are obtained and compared to design values. The impact of the parameter in heat rate is then identified and cause of variation as identified by carrying out further tests, if necessary. Recommendations based on the study are prepared and problem areas are budgeted & prioritized based on impact on heat rate. The company shared the checklist for identifying controllable parameters in condenser, cooling tower, boiler losses, soot blowing schedules, RH attemperation, drain valves, steam traps, auxiliary, MS temperature, FW heaters, coal scale & samplers. Company shared their best practices for reducing auxiliary power at part loads and results of implementation on a 250 MW unit.

10. Integrated Conditions Assesments by: Mr. Bernie Cook and Mr. Dario Zuloaga Beginning their presentation on Integrated Condition Assessments , Mr. Bernie Cook and Mr. Dario Zuloaga of Progressive Energy, USA gave detail about the Monitoring & Diagnostic(M&D) Centers of the company whose function is central monitoring of real time operational data to improve fleet performance Operations, Efficiency, & Reliability. These M &D centers works on an integrated model in which Integrated Condition Assessments interlinks maintenance strategy and Risk Maintainence and Budget planning. The Real-Time periodic monitoring and diagnostic helps in risk assessment and business planning. The expected outcome can be clearly visualized on the screen in the form of Shift logs, events & corrective action and maintenance basis optimization and energy assessment data. They gave an idea about their Predictive Maintenance, Performance Monitoring, Engineering Assessments and Risk Assessments interface of the system. They further gave examples for Integrated On-Line Performance Monitoring & Advanced Pattern Recognition. Progress Energy Fossil Generation Department (FGD) introduced the Asset Management Performance Program which overall fleet performance via specialized performance and advance pattern recognition software programs. These tools are used to provide a monthly performance report that summarizes the effectiveness of the Plants ability to minimize off-target operation and identify minor system/equipment issues before they become major issues. Finds Using On-Line Performance Monitoring and Advanced Pattern Recognition (APR) Software was also explained which helps to deduce potential problems from operating data and hence their corrective measures.