CHAPTER - IINTRODUCTION EMPLOYEE WELFARE Employee welfare defines as efforts to make life worth living for workmen.

These effortshave their origin either in some statute formed by the state or in some local custom or incollective agreement or in the employers own initiative. To give expression to philanthropic and paternalistic feelings. To win over employees loyalty and increase their morale. To combat trade unionism and socialist ideas. To build up stable labor force, to reduce labor turnover and absenteeism. To develop efficiency and productivity among workers. To save oneself from heavy taxes on surplus profits. To earn goodwill and enhance public image. To make recruitment more effective (because these benefits add to job appeal).Welfare includes anything that is done for the comfort and improvement of employees and is provided over and above the wages. Welfare helps in keeping the morale and motivation of the employees high so as to retain the employees for longer duration.The welfare measuresneed not be in monetary terms only but in any kind/forms.Employee welfare includesmonitoring of working conditions, creation of industrial harmony through infrastructure for health,industrial relationsand insurance against disease,accident and unemployment for theworkers.Labour welfare entails all those activities of employer which are directed towards providingthe employees with certain facilities and services in addition to wages or salaries. Labour welfare has the following objectives: To provide better life and health to the workers To make the workers happy and satisfied To relieve workers from industrial fatigue and to improve intellectual, cultural andmaterial conditions of living of the workers. The basic features of labour welfare measures are as follows:

 Labour welfare includes various facilities, services and amenities provided toworkers for improving their health, efficiency, economic betterment and social status. Welfare measures are in addition to regular wages and other economic benefitsavailable to workers due to legal provisions and collective bargaining Labour welfare schemes are flexible and ever-changing. New welfare measures areadded to the existing ones from time to time.The very logic behind providing welfare schemes is to create efficient, healthy, loyal andsatisfied labor force for the organization. The purpose of providing such facilities is to maketheir work life better and also to raise their standard of living. The important benefits of welfare measures can be summarized as follows: They provide better physical and mental health to workers and thus promote a healthywork environment Facilities like housing schemes, medical benefits, and education and recreationfacilities for workers families help in raising their standards of living. This makesworkers to pay more attention towards work and thus increases their productivity. Employers get stable labor force by providing welfare facilities. Workers take activeinterest in their jobs and work with a feeling of involvement and participation. Employee welfare measures increase the productivity of organization and promotehealthy industrial relations thereby maintaining industrial peace.The concept of human resource management has grown out of evolution in India, which passed through various phases of development. In the beginning of the century, the initialconcern was on ending the exploitation in what was the Sweated Industries. Because of this, legislative measures were initiative by the state to protect employees against exploitation by their employees. The development of welfare service in industries begin in the U.K in thelate 20th century, when there was no concern for welfare state and working conditions wereappalling.Any work whether manual or mental undertaken for a monetary consideration is calledlabour. Productivity of labor is an effective instrument for economic development. The whole 2 economic condition of the country depends upon increase of the productivity of labor and themanagement has to assume possible ways without an efficient labor force, capital investment better management, better technology the natural resources are the factors essential for production. They have their own attributes and aspirations which if handled properly lead tothe success of industries and growth of economy.Welfare of labour has vital significance for any country both from national and international point of view; the prosperity of the nation depends on the proper solutions of industry labour.If a country takes least cooperation of

labour for production purpose, it may lead todistortion.Welfare activities and fulfilling their basic needs to improve the economic conditions of labour to secure social justice and equity, reduce the industrial unrest and to improve labour productivity.Labour welfare is very important in public sector organization as lakhs of workers areemployed in them.In a welfare state where the philosophy of socialistic pattern of society is followed, it isimperative to have a contended labor force.Hence in view of the importance of labour welfarean attempt made in this study to enquire in to the social security and welfare activities in NTPC

EMPLOYEE SAFETY Safety is the state of being "safe" (fromFrenchsauf), the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological,educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage,error ,accidents,harmor any other event which could be considered nondesirable. This can take the form of being protected from the event or from exposure to something that causes health or economicallosses. It can include protection of people or of possessions.A top priority for any employer should be to take the time and initiative to help protect their employees. If an employee becomes injured at work, your business may suffer.Most employees have the expectation that their workplace will offer a safe environment inwhich to do work. Some workplaces are safer than others just as some occupations offer more 3

safety than others. Workplace safety ranks high on the list of goals for most workplaces.Employers care about employee safety.Safety is generally interpreted as implying a real and significant impact on risk of death,injury or damage to property. In response to perceived risks many interventions may be proposed with engineering responses and regulation being two of the most common.System safetyandreliability engineeringis an engineering discipline. Continuous changes in technology, environmental regulation and public safety concerns make the analysis of complexsafety-criticalsystems more and more demanding.A knowledge of the literature, the standards and custom in a field is a critical part of safetyengineering. A combination of theory and track record of practices is involved, and track record indicates some of the areas of theory that are relevant. (In the USA, persons with astate license in Professional Engineering in Electrical Engineering are expected to becompetent in this regard, the foregoing notwithstanding, but most electrical engineers have noneed of the license for their work.)Safety is often seen as one of a group of related disciplines: quality, reliability, availability,maintainability and

safety. (Availability is sometimes not mentioned, on the principle that itis a simple function of reliability and maintainability.) These issues tend to determine thevalue of any work, and deficits in any of these areas are considered to result in a cost, beyondthe cost of addressing the area in the first place; good management is then expected tominimize total cost. Machinery and Machine Guarding Machines in the workplace can pose operating hazards. From minor cuts and abrasion toserious lacerations, exposure to machine operations can be determinent to life, health and productivity.It is highly recommended that you purchase machinery equipped with guarding or that theguards on existing equipment left intact and employees be trained to use them. In addition to adequate machine guarding, also consider the following: Employees should be trained in the start up, operation and shutdown procedures of allequipment. All equipment should be inspected for possible operating hazards before each use.Questionable equipment should not be used and should be reported to management. 4 Unavoidable circumstances and complications can occur with the machinery.Employees should be trained in: Service and maintenance of machinery Lockout/tagout procedures Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) When the workplace hazards cannot be eliminated or reduced, personal protective equipmentmay be necessary. PPE does not eliminate a hazardous situation; it simply creates a protective barrier between the employee and the hazard. Equipment can be in the form of: Safety glasses or goggles Gloves Boots Hearing protection

 RespiratorsPrevention of accidents is an objective which requires Zero explanation.The costs of accidents are enormous in suffering to the injured, in reduction or loss of earnings, in disabilities and incapacities which afflict those involved and in compensation,insurance and legal costs, in lost time, filling in reports and attending to enquiries, and inspoilage of materials, equipment and tools to management.Accidents are the consequence of two basic factors: technical and human. Technicalfactors include all engineering deficiencies, related to plant, tools material and general work environment Human factors include all unsafe acts on the part of employees. An unsafe actis usually the result of carelessness.Young and new employees, because of their difficulty in adjusting to the work situation and to life in general, also have many more accidents than do old and natureworkers. 5 Limitations Safety can be limited in relation to someguaranteeor a standard of insuranceto the quality and unharmful function of an object or organization. It is used in order to ensure that theobject or organization will do only what it is meant to do.It's important to realize that safety is relative. Eliminating allrisk , if even possible, would beextremely difficult and very expensive. A safe situation is one where risks of injury or property damage are low and manageable. Objectivies 1. To study and understand various standards, systems and practices being followed in NTPC Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Station. 2. To study the Employee Welfare & safety measures of organization and various participative welfare & safety forums. 3. To analyse the welfare & safety measures of the employees in the organization and alsoto find out the root causes of dissatisfaction of employees regarding welfare & Safety and recommend remedial measures to prevent recurrence.4.To suggest possible improvements ...to make the environment safe. to make the work life of employees happy. to fulfill employees welfare needs .to make the equipment safe. to create safety awareness to minimize accidents.