Christian, Byzantine, and Islamic Art and Architecture

CHRISTIAN ART 300-500 313: Constantine legalizes freedom of worship by Edict of Milan (also known as the Edict of Toleration) 323: Constantine moves capital of Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople (Byzantium - modern Istanbul) 527-565: Emperor Justinian temporarily reunites the divided Roman Empire, primarily through Ravenna, which becomes the Byzantine exarchate in the West. BYZANTINE ART Period of Iconoclasm Middle and Late Byzantine 14th centuries ISLAMIC ART 622 Founding of Islam 661.750 Umayyad Dynasty 756.1031 Spanish Umayyad Dynasty 1281.1918 Ottoman Empire TERMS basilica arcade transept baptistry apse ambulatory-an area to walk around in nave aisle narthex (or vestibule) clerestory codex diptych-double hinged panel icon pantocrator triptych-triple hinged panel pendentive tempera squinch-arch or lintel built across upper corners of square space Map of Early Christian Church and Byzantium Christian Symbols Breakdown of Church into Eastern Orthodox and Western Catholic Church Christian Church Architectural styles EARLY CHRISTIAN ART AND ARCHITECTURE 500 Architecture *Old St. Peter's Rome
AMZ Kean

500-1300 730-843 9th to

300320-330
Fall 2011

S. Apollinare in Classe Ravenna, Italy 549 Nave Faade Interior of Apse Mosaic St. John Lateran Rome 330 Reconstruction Baptistry Cloister Painting *Views of Catacombs and Christian symbols of St. Calliuxtus Sculpture Good Shepherd Sarcophagus relief *The Archangel Michael leaf of a diptych/ivory 200

534-

500s

BYZANTINE ART AND ARCHITECTURE Early Byzantine Art 500-600 Architecture, Mosaics and Painting *San Vitale Ravenna, Italy 526-548 Plan and Elevation Exterior Apse Mosaic Emperor Justinian, Bishop Maximian and Court Apse Mosaic Empress Theodora and Attendants Apse Mosaic Youthful Christ with Angels Full wall view *Hagia Sophia Istanbul, Turkey (Constantinople) 537 Architects- Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus Exterior views Plan Elevation Dome Capitals and Columns of Southwest Gallery Mosaic of Madonna and Child Period of Iconoclasm: 730-843 AD Middle and Late Byzantine 14th Centuries Architecture *Hosios Loukas, Church of the Katholikon 1011 532-

9thPhocis, Greece

AMZ

Kean

Fall 2011

Cathedral of St. Basil 1560 Sculpture *Harbaville Triptych Front view Back view ISLAMIC ART 623 661.751 756.1032 1281.1919 ivory carving

Moscow, Russia

1554-

930

AND ARCHITECTURE Founding of Islam Umayyad Dynasty Spanish Umayyad Dynasty Ottoman Empire Islamic Terms

Amir/Emir Circumambulate Hajj Iwan Mihrab

ruler, commander to walk around, as in the outside of a mosque annual pilgrimage to Mecca vaulted chamber, open at one end prayer niche in wall of a mosque, always in the direction of Mecca, towards where prayer is directed Qibla direction of Mecca Minaret tower, call to prayer is issued from this Aniconism ridding places of pagan images, non-figural Kaaba cubic shrine at Mecca Arabesque interlacing pattern of scrollwork, usually leaves Cuerda seca dry cord technique, pottery decoration where purple pigment is mixed with greasy substance to prevent colors from mixing during firing process chahar bagh garden sectioned into 4 areas by waterways

Images
Islamic World (Muslim World) Dome of the Rock Dome detail Great Mosque 715 Exterior View and Plan Courtyard Mosaic Detail
AMZ

Jerusalem Damascus, Syria

692 706-

Kean

Fall 2011

Colonnade and Landscape Mosaic Great Mosque 987 Plan Aerial View Interior with 2 arches Interior view of Arches Interior-Lobed Vault Cordoba, Spain 786-

Alhambra Granada, Spain 1391 Hall of Abencerrajes Court of the Lions (2 views) Friday Mosque 1500 Taj Mahal Islamic Prayer Rugs Medallion Rug 1500s Ushak Style Isfahan, Persia Agra, India

1354-

1630-1648

Silk Warp and weft, cotton, and wool pile Turkey

Examples of Islamic Calligraphy

AMZ

Kean

Fall 2011