KIND OF TEXT

Oleh : SONYA FRADELLA Kelas :XII IPA 1

Guru Pembimbing :

S M A N 3 SOLOK SELATAN Tahun Ajaran 2010-2011

Analytical Exposition
An analytical exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to persuade the listeners or readers that something is the case. To make the persuasion stronger, the speaker or writer gives some arguments as the fundamental reasons why something is the case. This type of text can be found in scientific books, journals, magazines, newspaper articles, academic speech or lectures, research report etc. Analytical expositions are popular among science, academic community and educated people. The generic structure of analytical exposition usually has three components: (1) Thesis, (2) Arguments and (3) Reiteration or conclusion. A.Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition 1. Thesis : Introduces the topic and shows speaker or writers position; Outlines of the arguments are presented. 2. Arguments : It consists about Point and Elaboration Point, states the main argument Elaboration, develops and supports each point of argument 3. Conclusion : Reiteration (restatement), restates speaker or writers position B. Generic Features 1. An analytical exposition focuses on generic human and non human participants. 2. It uses mental processes. It is used to state what the writer or speaker thinks or feels about something. For example: realize, feel etc. 3. It uses emotive and evaluative words 4. It often needs material processes. It is used to state what happens, e.g. .has polluted etc. 5. It usually uses Simple Present Tense and Present Perfect Tense. 6. Enumeration is sometimes necessary to show the list of given arguments: Firstly, secondly , Finally, etc.

Analytical Exposition
Corruption and Indonesian Culture Corruption has happened for many years and today it becomes a bad culture in Indonesia for three reasons Most adult Indonesian or foreigners have known and admitted that corruptions happen in many places. The daily newspapers, news programs on TV and radio have reported corruptions are done everywhere, almost in all departments or public services of this country. Corruptions happen in health, education departments and banks. When we manage to get some documents in public service offices, we usually need much money to pay. Manipulations happen everywhere The actions to eliminate corruption are weak. The ever stronger culture seems not to come to an end when the responsible institutions who have to reinforce the justice today commit corruption. This is the worst. Corruptions happen in police department, courts where judges, public prosecutors, lawyers make deals to do corruption. All of us also heard in the end of 2004, Probosutejo reported that he had bribed the Supreme Court, or called Mahkamah Agung which becomes the highest level where the justice can be obtained. Perhaps you have to try to come to the local courts and see what happen there. You will see practices of bribery and other kinds of corruption. Therefore, we can say that corruptions becomes our culture. Do you like it? The citizens have no goodwill to fight against the corruption. They create the situations in which people have opportunities to do corruptions. The citizens like to break the rules because they are not disciplined. For example, in the street when they drive a car or ride motorcycle, they do not have the driving license or necessary documents. Then, they are caught by the local policemen. To avoid more difficulties, they like to bribe the officer. The officer let them go then. In other words, the citizens and officers are the same, doing corruption together. If only the people were critical, disciplined, and obey the rules, and willing to report any wrong behaviors, this country will not be number one corrupting country in the world. conclusion Based on the reasons, we can conclude that corruption is becoming a bad culture in Indonesia if it is not ended soon by all of us. It seems that there must be more severe penalty for the corruptors. Do we still care about the future of this country?

HORTATORY EXPOSITION
Social function hortatory exposition: To persuade the readers or the listeners that something should or should not be the case. Generic structure hortatory exposition: 1. Thesis ( stating an issue of concern) 2. Arguments ( giving reasons for concern, leading recommendation) 3. Recommendation (stating what ought or ought not to happen) Language features hortatory exposition:

Emotive words: alarmed, worried Words that qualify statements: usual probably Words that link arguments: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore Usually present tense Compound and complex sentences Modal auxiliary: can, may, should, must

HORTATORY TEXT

Removing Lead from Petrol

In all the discussion over the removal of lead from petrol (and the atmosphere) there doesn't seem to have been any mention of the difference between driving in the city and the country. While I realize my leaded petrol car is polluting the air wherever I drive, I feel that when you travel through the country, where you only see the another car every five to ten minutes, the problem is not as severe as when traffic is concentrated on city roads. Those who want to penalize older, leaded petrol vehicles and their owners don't seem to appreciate that, in the country, there is no public transport to fall back upon and one's own vehicle is the only way to get about. I feel that the country people, who often have to travel huge distances to the nearest town and who already spend a great deal of money on petrol, should be treated differently to the people who live in the city.

EXPLANATION TEXT
Social function explanation: To explain the process involved in the formation or working of natural or socio cultural phenomena

Generic structure explanation: 1. A general statement to position the reader 2. A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs 3. Closing Language features explanation:

Focus on generic, non-human participants. Use mainly of general and abstract nouns, action verbs, simple present tense, passive voice, conjunction of time and cause, noun phrases, complex sentences, and technical language.

Explanation Text

How Chocolate is Made

Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter the amazing world of chocolate so we can understand exactly we are eating. Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions,

especially in place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. In side the fruits are the tree's seeds. They are also known as coco beans. Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they are shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavour. So they are often shorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs from liquid. It is pure bitter chocolate

DISCUSSION TEXT
Social function discussion: To present information and opinions about more than one side of an issue (for points against points) Generic structure discussion: 1. Opening statement presenting the issue 2. Arguments or evidence for different points of view ( pros and cons) 3. Concluding recommendation

Language features discussion:

Use of general nouns: alcohol, abortion, smoking, etc. Use of relating verbs: is, are, etc. Use of thinking verbs: think, feel, hope believe, etc. Use of additive connectives: addition, furthermore, besides, etc. Use of contrastive connectives: although, even, if, nevertheless, etc. Use of causal connectives: because, because of, etc. Use of modal auxiliary: must, should, etc. Use of adverbial manner: hopefully.

DISCUSSION TEXT
The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956. Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge

amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:

It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make. It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium. It produces small amount of waste. It is reliable.

On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major accident. People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.

REVIEW TEXT
Social function review: To critique an art work or event for a public audience Generic structure review: 1. Orientation ( background information on the text) 2. Evaluation ( concluding statement : judgment, opinion, or recommendation. It can consist of more than one.

3. Interpretative Recount ( summary of an art works including characters and plot). 4. Evaluative summation: the last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line of the art works being criticized. Language features review:

Focus on specific participants Use of adjectives Use of long and complex clauses Use of metaphor Reviews are used to summarize, analyze and respond to art works. They may include: movie, TV shows, books, plays, concerts, etc.

REVIEW TEXT

2012 Film Review

2012 is Roland Emmerichs film which uses the Mayan calendar and other end-ofdays prophecies for their doomsday scenario. It imagines the world coming to an end in 2012.

2012 film brings off a series of wonders. The movie hits its peak early on. It starts when Cusack drives a limo through the streets of Los Angeles as freeways and skyscrapers crumble all around him from the shock of a 10.5 earthquake. The preposterous flying sequence is equally thrilling. The climax occurs aboard the giant ark, when an equipment malfunction almost threatens the entire mission. Unfortunately, the crucial sequence is not filmed or edited with the requisite clarity. In 2012 film, Emmerich leaves us befuddled as to exactly what is happening to whom. However, Emmerich 2012 deserves credit for offbeat casting. Cusack supplies his trademark hangdog charm. McCarthy has perhaps his best role ever as Peets cocky. Danny Glover lends dignity to the role of the tormented president. Chiwetel Ejiofor, as the chief scientist, brings a moving sense of anguish to a stock role. Platt has fun playing the villain of the piece, and Woody Harrelson also chews the scenery as a bug-eyed radio prophet trying to warn his listeners about Armageddon. All in one, 2012s cinematography, production design and visual effects are awardsworthy. Music also propels the movie. It presents American Idol runner-up, Adam Lambert, who provides a rousing anthem over the end credits.