Task 1

1)

SOLUTION
( )

a)

E=

= 205 =

= 149.02

b) ( )

2)

l = 5 cm = 0.05 m w = 1 cm = 0.01 m h = 3 cm = 0.03 m

SOLUTION

= w h= 0.01

0.03

a)

E=

= 180 =

= 370.39

b) ( )

Task 2

a) Two-dimension(2D)

Three-dimension(3D)

b) The resulting strain in any one direction is the sum of the strains due to the direct force and the induced strain from the other direct force.

(
Similarly,

)(1A) )....(1B)

The modulus E must be the same in both directions and such a material is not only elastic but isotropic.

Converting strain into stresses

Rearrange to make

the subject.

, =
( )

Rearrange, ( )( ) the subject of the formula we get

If we do the same but make ( )( )

Equations A and B were derived for a two dimensional system. Suppose a material to be stressed in mutually perpendicular directions x, y and z. The strain in any one of these directions is reduced by the effect of the strain in the other two directions and the three strains are:

[ [ (

] )].(1C)

[ [ (

] )].(1D)

[ [ (

] )].(1E)

c)

=1m =1m =1m

SOLUTION

( [

)] ( )]

( [

)] ( )]

( [

)] ( )]

d)

SOLUTION

( [( [(

)] ) ) ] ( ) ( )]

( [( [(

)] ) ) ] ( ) ( )]

( [( [(

)] ) ) ] ( ) ( )]

Task 3

a) SOLUTION

i)

[
[(

(
) (

)]
)]

ii)

[ [

)] ( )]

[ [

)] ( )]

b) Edge AB =

SOLUTION i)

(
(

)]
)

(
(

)]
)

ii)

[
( (

(
) )

)]

iii) ( )

Task 4

a) Youngs Modulus refers to stretching and Bulk Modulus refers to compressing. In other words, the former is tensile stress/tensile strain the latter is bulk stress/bulk strain. Bulk modulus is Bulk Modulus = Stress = Volumetric strain = It is similar to Youngs Modulus of Elasticity which is The strain is = Bulk Modulus is volumetric strain b) Volumetric strain is and it is 3 times of strain of length , such that . When a certain material is compressed with an amount of pressure , then the stress is equaled to because the material is being compressed. The Bulk Modulus is The strain formula is The volumetric strain is
( )

Substitute
* +( ( )

into equation
)

, where modulus

In conclusion, this is how the elastic constants ,

and

are related.

c) Last 3 digits are 1, 9 & 7 Modulus of Rigidity, G(Gpa) No Block 1 A 100 7 G 180 9 I 60

Young's Modulus, E(Gpa) 65 125 35

SOLUTION Poissons Ratio ( ( ) )

*( ) A)

+ *( ) +

G)

*(

I)

*( )

Bulk Modulus

A)

G)

I)

Task 5

a) Cantilever with point load at free end

. Form ( ) --------------------- ( ) ---------------A and B are constants of integration and must be found from the boundary conditions. These are at ( ( Substitute ( ) into Equation 1 ) ) ( ) ( )

Substitute ( )

into Equation 2

Substitute

into Equation 1 & Equation 2

--------------------------Equation 3 -----------------Equation 4 The point of interest is the slope and deflection at the free end where Substitute into Equation 3 and Equation 4 Slope at free end .

[ ]

--------------------------------------Equation 5 Deflection at free end

( )

( )

----------------------------------------Equation 6

b) SOLUTION

Slope at point C
( ) ( )

Deflection C ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )

Slope at point D
( ) ( )

Deflection D ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )

Task 6

Last number in IC is 7.

kN/m

)(

The beam is symmetrical so the reactions are The bending moment at x is, M = EI = -

------------------------------Equation 1

-----------------------Equation 2 Boundary Conditions ( ( Substitute ( )

( )

) ) into
( )

Substitute ( )
( ) ( ) ( )

into equation 2

Substitute

into Equation 1 & Equation 2 -----------------Slope ------------Deflection

SOLUTION

At point C Slope

)(

[ )

)( )( )

)( )

)(

Deflection

)(

)( )( )

)( )

)( ) ( )

At point D Slope

)(

[ )

)( )( )

)( )

)(

Deflection

)(

)( )( )

)( )

)( ) ( )

At point E Slope

)(

[ )

)( )( )

)( )

)(

Deflection

)(

)( )( )

)( )

)( ) ( )

Task 7

SOLUTION

( (

)( )

----------------------------(a)

( (

)( )

--------------------------(b)

(
(

)
)( ( ) )

-----------------------(c)

(
( (

)
)( ) )

)]

] ----------------------------(d)

( ) ( ) ( )

) ----------------------------------(e)

)(

------------------------------------(f)

Add amount ( ) ()

-----------------------------------(g)

)(

----------------------------(h)

Add water ( ) ( ) ( )

Task 8

SOLUTION

( ( ( )(
(

) )(
) ) )

( ( (

) ) )

( ( ( (

)( ) )( )

) )

Wall thickness

( )

(
( (

)(
)( ) ( ) )

)
[ ( ) )]

)(

(
( ( )( ) )

) * (
)

)+

)(

( (

)( )

[
(

( )
)

)] ) ( ) ( )]

[(

Task 9

a)

SOLUTION

Initial tensions,

-------------------------------------------equation 1 Tension in belts, ( )

)(

( ) ( ) ----------------------------------------equation 2

Substitute equation 1 into equation 2 ( )

Substitute

into equation 2 ( )

Power transmitted ( ) ( ( )

b)

SOLUTION

Belt velocity,

Initial tension,

------------------------------------------equation 1

Tension in belts,

( )
( )( )

( )

( )--------------------------------------------equation 2

Substitute equation 2 into equation 1, ( )

Substitute

into equation 1,

Power transmitted ( ( ( ) ) )

Rounded up to the nearest number being 4 Therefore, final answer is 4 belts.

c)

i)

ii) (
( )(

( )(
)(

) )(
)( )
( )( )

iii) ( ( ( ( )( )( ) )( )
( )( )

)(

Initial Tension,

Task 10

SOLUTION

a) Uniform pressure theory,

( ( ( ( ( ( ( )(

) ) ) ) ) )( ) )

b) Uniform wear theory, [

[ ( )( ] )( )

Task 11 ( )

a)

SOLUTION

i)

Input Torque,

( ii) Output Power,

iii)

Output Torque,

( iv) The holding torque, ( ( ) )

b)

SOLUTION

i)

Gear Ratio,

ii)

Power Input,

Task 12

SOLUTION

( ( ) )

Based on diagram(next page),

Task 14

SOLUTION

a) The mass of the flywheel,

b) The moment of inertia,

c) The work done during the pressing operation,

d) The coefficient of fluctuation of speed,

(e) The max & min speeds of the flywheel, Coefficient of

Max speed,

Min speed,

Task 15

The coefficient of fluctuation of speed, The coefficient of fluctuation of energy, = max fluctuation in energy/ work per cycle = max fluctuation in energy

= mean angular velocity Motor speed = 750 rev/min

Work done per cycle. In this case we will choose revolution as the cycle since it is repeated every revolution.

SOLUTION

The angle where the graph cuts the mean is, ( )

The area represented by B is found from, [ ]

It follows that area A and C are both half this and equal to 385.37 J The maximum fluctuation of energy is from (mean -385.37) to (mean +385.37) Therefore,

( )