Model146C DynamicGasCal 156file - 18125

MODEL 146C
DYNAMIC GAS CALIBRATOR
(Version 1)
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
P/N 13410
THERMO ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS INC.

8 WEST FORGE PARKWAY
FRANKLIN, MASSACHUSETTS 02038
TELEPHONE: (508) 520-0430

FACSIMILE: (508) 520-1460
Revision A
The 220V option complies with 89/336/EEC directive for electromagnetic compatibility.
Other brands and product names mentioned in this instruction manual are
trademarks of their respective owners.
Copyright  2002
Thermo Environmental Instruments, Inc.
Franklin, Massachusetts
“This manual is a work protected under Copyright law. Copying or other

reproduction of any of its contents without the prior written consent of
Thermo Environmental Instruments is expressly prohibited.”
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The Thermo Environmental Model 146C Multigas Calibration dilutes calibration gases to
precise levels. The gas levels are used to perform zero, precision and Level 1 span
checks, audits, and multipoint calibration of these gases. The design of the Model 146C
meets or exceeds all published U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requirements for
multipoint calibration, audit, Level 1 span and precision checks.
All of the components used such as mass flow controllers, ozone generator, permeation
tube oven, power supplies, and solenoid valves, have been used previously for calibration
purposes, and are known for their accuracy and reliability. In the Model 146C, these
components are integrated into a single microprocessor-controlled unit. The instrument
can also be controlled remotely, using a data logger or computer.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION AND HARDWARE CONFIGURATIONS
The standard Model 146C hardware/plumbing configuration comprises gas and zero air
flows, as shown in Figure 1-1. The basic unit can handle three gas standards, controlled
by individual solenoids (a six-gas option is also available). The zero air flow and the gas
flow are regulated by mass flow controllers. The zero air controller is high flow
(typically 10 slm full scale). The gas flow controller is low flow (typically 100 sccm). A
Teflon mixing chamber is used to achieve complete mixing of the two components at the
desired concentration level. This hardware/plumbing configuration allows precision gas
dilution.
The Model 146C can be equipped with an optional internal ozone generator. The
hardware/plumbing configuration of the standard instrument with the ozone generator is
shown in Figure 1-2. The generator produces ozone by exposing air to light at 185nm.
The ozone level is changed by varying the intensity of the lamp. With all of the gas
standard solenoids deactivated, the Model 146C can be used as a transfer standard ozone-
generating source.
Gas Phase Titration (GPT) is achieved by combining ozone with a known NO

concentration, and measuring the loss of NO using the NO channel of a
chemiluminescence analyzer. The amount of NO2 formed is equal to the measured
decrease in the NO level, as shown in the following equation:
NO + O 3 → NO 2 + O 2 + hυ
1-1
Chapter 1 Introduction
In the Model 146C, GPT is accomplished by routing zero air, at approximately 150 cc per
minute, through the internal ozone generator and then precisely mixing this with NO
from a gas cylinder connected to one of the gas inlets. From there, the NO/O3 goes to the
reaction chamber whose volume meets the dynamic parameter specification requirements
of the U.S. EPA. The gas is then fed into the mixing chamber and out the manifold at the
rear of the instrument.
The Model 146C can also be used as a permeation gas source when equipped with an
optional permeation tube oven, as shown in Figure 1-3. Accuracy is achieved since both
the release rate of the permeation tube gas and the flow of zero air through the zero-air
mass flow controller are known, and the temperature of the permeation tube is stable.
Temperature stability of the permeation tube is accomplished by allowing only a small
amount of zero air to enter the permeation tube oven to be heated. The major portion of
zero air bypasses the oven and is routed to the mixing chamber. The solenoids on either
side of the permeation tube oven, shown in Figure 1-3, under microprocessor control, are
used to route the flow of gas going through the oven to either the main air stream or to
vent. It should be noted that zero air must always flow through the permeation tube oven,
regardless of the 146C output flow. To accomplish this, a flow of zero air set by a
capillary at approximately 150 cc per minute is continuously fed through the permeation
tube oven.
When only the permeation oven is activated, up to five permeation dilution gas levels
(ppm) can be set. When the permeation gas source is used in conjunction with the gas
dilution system, a permeation dilution concentration cannot be specified because the gas
dilution system controls the flow rate of zero air. In that case, only the permeation
concentration, and not a permeation level, is displayed.
Figure 1-4 shows the hardware/plumbing configuration with both the optional ozone
generator and permeation oven installed. This figure is for illustration purposes only,
since there is no calibration gas requirement that would necessitate activating both
hardware components simultaneously.
1-2
Figure 1-1. Model 146C Hardware Configuration, Standard Gas Dilution System
1-3
Figure 1-2. Model 146C Hardware Configuration, Standard Gas Dilution System with
Ozonator Option
1-4
Permeation Tube Oven Option
1-5
Ozonator and Permeation Tube Oven Options
1-6
SPECIFICATIONS
Gas Dilution:
Accuracy of each Mass Flow Measurement + 2% of reading or 1% of full scale,

whichever is less – 20 to 100% full scale
Linearity of Mass Flow Measurement 0.5% of full scale
Repeatability of Mass Flow Measurement + 2% of reading or 1% of full scale,

whichever is less – 20 to 100% full scale
Available Ranges:
Zero Air 5, 10, 15, 20 slm
Span Gas 25, 50, 100, 200, 500 sccm
Dilution Ratio Depends upon choice of Mass Flow

Controllers
Response time as measured at output of Less than one minute for low flows. Faster
manifold to 99% of final value for high flow (for gas-phase titration mode
response time increases to 4 minutes).
Meets or exceeds U.S. EPA Dynamic
Parameter specification requirements for
gas-phase titration.)
Permeation Oven:
o
Temperature Control Single point 30, 35, 45 C
o
Temperature Stability + 0.1 C
Warm-Up Time – Oven 1 hour (permeation device can take 24-48

hours to stabilize
Carrier Gas Flow 150 sccm nominal
Chamber Size Accepts permeation tubes up to 9 cm in total

length; 1 cm in diameter
Ozone Generator:
Ozone Output 6 ppm-liters
Stability and Repeatability: Meets or exceeds U.S. EPA requirements

for a Transfer Standard
1-7
SPECIFICATIONS (continued)
Remote Operation:
Input Mode Commands Contact closure to ground, TTL logic levels,

RS-232/485
Ozone Levels Available Multiple levels as set through menu

commands
Flow Levels Available through I/O Multiple levels as set through menu
Commands commands
Flow Levels Available through RS-232 Levels over entire range of mass flow
Commands controllers
Output:
Output Signals Reed relay, RS-232/485, external drivers
External Solenoid Controller Up to (8) 24 VDC external solenoids can be

controlled by Model 146C
o
Temperature Range 10 - 30 C
Physical Dimensions 16.75" W x 8.62" H x 23" D (43cm x 22cm x

58cm)
Power Requirements 90-110 VAC @ 50/60 Hz

105-125 VAC @ 50/60 Hz
210-250 VAC @ 50/60 Hz
100 Watts
Weight: 43 pounds
Any alteration, modification, or republication of this instruction manual or any alteration

or modification to the Thermo Environmental Instrument product without the express
written consent of Thermo Environmental Instruments Inc. is expressly prohibited,
nullifies our warranty obligations, and bars our liability for any damages deriving there
from.
1-8
CHAPTER 2
INSTALLATION
The installation of the Model 146C Dynamic Gas Calibrator includes lifting and
unpacking the unit, connecting zero-air, gas cylinders, and instruments to be calibrated,
adding a permeation tube if required, and making electrical connections to the remote
control device, if one is being used. To install optional equipment, see Chapter 8,
“Optional Equipment.”
LIFTING
When lifting the calibrator, use a procedure appropriate for handling a heavy object. This
procedure consists of bending at the knees while keeping your back straight and upright.
The calibrator should be grasped at the bottom, in the front, and at the rear of the unit.
Do not attempt to lift the calibrator by the cover or other external fittings. While one
person may lift the unit, it is desirable to have two persons lifting, one by grasping the
bottom in the front and the other by grasping the bottom in the rear.
UNPACKING
The Model 146C Dynamic Gas Calibrator is shipped complete in one container. If, upon
receipt of the instrument, there is obvious damage to the shipping container, notify the
carrier immediately and wait for his inspection. The carrier is responsible for any
damage incurred during shipment, not Thermo Environmental Inc.
In addition to the basic analyzer, a six-foot line cord and an RS-232 null modem
connector cable is included in the shipping container.
Use these steps to unpack the Model 146C:
1. Remove the Model 146C from the shipping container and set it on a table or bench
that allows you easy access to both the front and rear of the instrument.
2. Remove four screws from the outside of the instrument cover.
3. Snap open the four hold-down latches holding the cover to the instrument and remove
the cover from the main frame of the instrument to expose the internal components
(see Figure 2-2).
4. Remove any packing material and check for possible damage during shipment.
5. Check that all connectors and printed circuit boards are firmly seated, and then
reinstall the instrument cover.
2-1
Chapter 2 Installation and Setup
SETUP PROCEDURE
Use the following procedure to setup the instrument:
1. Connect a source of zero-air to the inlet port labeled ZERO AIR (Figure 2-1). The
zero-air source is capable of supplying the full-scale flows of the zero-air
controller at a pressure between 10 and 40 psi.
2. Connect the standard gas cylinders to the ports labeled A, B and C.
3. Install the permeation tube using the following procedure (applicable only if the
permeation option is installed):
a. Remove the instrument cover and locate the permeation oven (Figure 2-2).
b. Release the latches on the sides of the oven cover and remove cover.
c. Remove glass chamber assembly by loosening (not removing) knurled

screw, located at the top of the chamber, and gently pulling assembly
upward. Completely remove assembly from oven (Figure 2-3).
d. Separate glass chamber from top assembly by twisting and gently pulling
glass away from top (Figure 2-3). Keep glass clean by using Kimwipes or
similar material to handle glass.
e. Place permeation tube in chamber.
f. Attach glass chamber to top assembly by gently pushing together with a

slight twisting motion (Figure 2-3).
g. Replace glass chamber assembly into oven until top of assembly is flush
or slightly below oven top (Figure 2-4).
h. Tighten knurled screw with finger. Do not use tools to tighten.
i. Replace oven cover, being careful to place tubing and wire in slot of
cover.
2-2
49P731
Figure 2-1. Model 146C Rear Panel
49P731
Figure 2-2. Removing Cover
2-3
49P210
Figure 2-3. Removing Glass Chamber
49P211
Figure 2-4. Replacing Glass Chamber
2-4
REMOTE INTERCONNECTIONS
The rear panel I/O (DB50) connector enables flow modes, ozone levels, and gas settings
to be remotely controlled using contact closure. In addition, the connector mimics any
input settings with corresponding relay outputs. The following tables correspond to the
pin-outs in Figure 2-5.
93P294
Figure 2-5. 50-Pin I/O Connector
Inputs
The Model 146C is controllable through the 50-pin back-panel connector. Before getting
started, set dip switch 1 to the ON position and the mode to REMOTE. Refer to the
following tables when selecting the appropriate gas, gas span level, and ozonator or
permeation oven level for your Model 146C.
Pins 24, 25, and 26 select a gas (1 indicates contact closure to ground and 0 indicates no
contact). Pins 31 and 32 are ground.
Note: Gases D, E, and F are available only when the instrument is equipped with the
6-gas option.
Pin 24 25 26 Gas Type

0 0 0 Gas Off
0 0 1 Gas A
0 1 0 Gas B
0 1 1 Gas C
1 0 0 Gas D
1 0 1 Gas E
1 1 0 Gas F
2-5
Pins 28, 29, and 30 select a gas span level gas (1 indicates contact closure to ground and
0 indicates no contact).
Pin 28 29 30 Span Level

0 0 0 Span 0
0 0 1 Span 1
0 1 0 Span 2
0 1 1 Span 3
1 0 0 Span 4
1 0 1 Span 5
1 1 0 Manual
Pins 37, 38, 39, and 40 select an ozonator or permeation oven level gas (1 indicates
contact closure to ground and 0 indicates no contact).
Pin 37 38 39 40 Ozonator or Permeation

Oven Level
0 0 0 0 Ozon/Perm Off
0 0 0 1 Ozon Manual
0 0 1 0 Ozon 1
0 0 1 1 Ozon 2
0 1 0 0 Ozon 3
0 1 0 1 Ozon 4
0 1 1 0 Ozon 5
0 1 1 1 Perm 1
1 0 0 0 Perm 2
1 0 0 1 Perm 3
1 0 1 0 Perm 4
1 0 1 1 Perm 5
2-6
Outputs
The output mixes report the status of the 146C; they are always active. Pins 1, 2, 11, 12,
21, and 22 are relay common.
Pins 4, 5, and 6 to report the selected gas (1 indicates contact closure):
Pin 4 5 6 Gas Type

0 0 0 Gas Off
0 0 1 Gas A
0 1 0 Gas B
0 1 1 Gas C
1 0 0 Gas D
1 0 1 Gas E
1 1 0 Gas F
Pins 8, 9, and 10 to report the selected gas span level (1 indicates contact closure):
Pin 8 9 10 Span Level

0 0 0 Span 0
0 0 1 Span 1
0 1 0 Span 2
0 1 1 Span 3
1 0 0 Span 4
1 0 1 Span 5
1 1 0 Manual
Pins 17, 18, 19, and 20 to report the selected ozonator and permeation oven level (1
indicates contact closure):
Pin 17 18 19 20 Ozonator or Permeation

Oven Level
0 0 0 0 Ozon/Perm Off
0 0 0 1 Ozon Manual
0 0 1 0 Ozon 1
0 0 1 1 Ozon 2
0 1 0 0 Ozon 3
0 1 0 1 Ozon 4
0 1 1 0 Ozon 5
0 1 1 1 Perm 1
1 0 0 0 Perm 2
1 0 0 1 Perm 3
1 0 1 0 Perm 4
1 0 1 1 Perm 5
2-7
Analog Output Cover Installation
An analog output cover is mounted over the analog outputs to comply with 89/336/EEC
Directive. This section describes the procedure used to install the user-supplied analog
output cable in the instrument’s analog output cover. The following shielded cables or
their equivalent are recommended:
Cable Gauge Number of

Conditions
Alpha #1741C 20 2
Alpha #1746C 28 2
Alpha #5320/2C* 20 2
Alpha #51 52C* 20 2
Alpha #5162C* 18 2
Alpha #1743C 20 4
Alpha 1747/4C 18 4
Alpha #5320/4C 20 4
Alpha #5154C 20 4
Alpha #5164C 18 4
Belden #8208 18 2
* Maximum shielding. Under harsh environments, maximum shielding may be required.
The following tools are required:
• Small screwdriver
• Wire stripper
• Electrical tape or heat shrink tubing
To properly ground the user-supplied shielded analog output cable, you must come into
full contact with the cable clamp (mounted to the analog output cover). To ensure full
contact, the shielding must be exposed and folded back over the cable as shown in Figure
2-6.
49P769-B
Figure 2-6. Shielded Cable with Shielding Pulled Back
2-8
Preparing the Shielded Cable
Use the following procedure to prepare the shielded cable:
1. Remove about 1.8 cm of insulation from the cable.
2. Fold back the shielding.
3. Use electrical tape or shrink tubing to hold the shielding in place. Be sure at least 1.5
cm of shielding is exposed.
4. Strip each signal wire a maximum of 0.5 cm from the end.
Connecting the Shielded Cable
Use the following procedure to connect the shielded cable to the 8-position header:
1. Pass the shielded cable through the cable clamp on the analog output cover, as shown
in Figure 2-7.
2. Insert the bare signal wire into the slot of the header.
3. Tighten down the corresponding setscrew.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for each signal wire.
5. Plug the header(s) into the analog output connectors.
6. Install the analog output cover using the four #6 screws with star lockwashers.
7. Position the cable shielding so that it makes contact with the cable clamp.
8. Tighten down the cable clamp onto the shielding, as shown in Figure 2-8.
9. Install cable clamp into shield cover and secure. Be sure there is good electrical
conductivity between clamp and shield cover.
2-9
49P769-A
Figure 2-7. Exploded View of Analog Output Cover Installation
Romex Connector
Must contact shielding
49P769-A1
Figure 2-8. Properly Installed Shield Cable
2-10
Analog Output Cover Components
The following is a parts list of components in the analog output cover assembly:
Part No. Description Qty.

7592 Analog output cover 1
11519 8-Position header 2
5889 #6 Star lock washers 4
5820 6-32X3/8” screw 4
14549 Cable clamp 1
2-11
CHAPTER 3
OPERATION
This chapter describes the Model 146C Dynamic Gas Calibrator’s front panel display,
front panel pushbuttons, and menu-driven software.
DISPLAY
The Model 146C provides a 4-line by 20-character alphanumeric front panel display that
shows you the current flows, parameters, and controls of the instrument (see Figure 3-1).
PUSHBUTTONS
Located under the display, are the front panel pushbuttons (RUN, MENU, ENTER, ALT, and
arrows ↑ ↓ ← →). These pushbuttons let you access your instrument’s system software,
where you can then set or change the various flows, parameters, and controls of your
Model 146C.
Run Pushbutton
The RUN pushbutton is used to display two run screens. Run screen 1, displays the
instrument’s current flow selections. For example, Gas A Span 2 with the flow and
concentration. These selections can be set using the Main Menu. Run screen 2 reports
the instrument’s current gas flow, zero-air flow, and corresponding target flows.
Press the RUN pushbutton to toggle between the two Run Screens.
49P731
Figure 3-1. Front Panel Pushbuttons
3-1
Chapter 3 Operation
Menu Pushbutton
The MENU pushbutton is used to display the Main Menu from the run screen. If the run
screen is not displayed, press the MENU pushbutton to retrace the screen path to the Main
Menu. Some Main Menu selections contain more items than can be displayed at one
time. Use the up and down pushbuttons (↑ ↓ ) to move the cursor through these menus.
Enter Pushbutton
The ENTER pushbutton is used to choose a menu item, activate an entry, or toggle on/off
functions.
ALT Pushbutton
The ALT pushbutton toggles between the last accessed RUN screen and the last accessed
MENU screen.
↑↓ ← →
These pushbuttons (↑ ↓ ← →) move the cursor through the run screen in an up, down,
left, and right direction.
3-2
Chapter 3 Operation
OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
The Model 146C can produce accurate concentrations for gas dilution from a gas cylinder
or the permeation tube oven, transfer standard, Gas Phase Titration (GPT), and ozone
calibration. This section provides step-by-step procedures to produce each type of
concentration gas. Detailed information about each operation can be found by referring
to the Run Screen 1 and the appropriate menu screens.
Procedures
The following procedures assume that the instrument is either in Local or Service modes.
If it is in the Remote mode, no selections can be made from the Run Screen 1.
Gas Dilution using a gas cylinder
Use these steps to set the gas dilution using a gas cylinder:
1. From Run Screen 1, use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to scroll to the Gas option line.
2. Use the ← and → pushbuttons to select the desired gas (A through C or A
through F if the instrument has the six-gas option).
3. While still in Run Screen 1, use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to scroll to the Span
option line.
4. Use the ← and → pushbuttons to select the desired span level (Span 0, Span 1 to
5, or Manual).
5. Press the ENTER pushbutton to activate the selections.
Gas Dilution using the permeation tube oven
Use these steps to set the gas dilution using the permeation tube oven:
1. If you have just powered on your 146C, allow 24 hours for the permeation tube to
stabilize.
2. From Run Screen 1, use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to scroll to the ozone/perm line.
3. Use the ← and → pushbuttons to select the desired permeation level (Perm Levels
1 through 5).
4. Press the ENTER pushbutton to activate the selection.
5. Allow 24 hours for the permeation tube to stabilize.
3-3
Chapter 3 Operation
Transfer Standard
Use these steps to set the transfer standard:
1. From Run Screen 1, use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to scroll to the ozone/perm line.
2. Use the ← and → pushbuttons to select the desired ozone level (Ozone Manual or
Ozone Levels 1-5).
3. Press the ENTER pushbutton to activate the selection.
Gas Phase Titration (GPT)
Use these steps to set the Gas Phase Titration (GPT):
1. From Run Screen 1, use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to scroll to the Gas option line.
2. Use the ← and → pushbuttons to select the gas solenoid to which the NO cylinder
is attached.
3. Use the ← and → pushbuttons to select the desired span level (Span 1 to 5, or
Manual).
4. While still in Run Screen 1, use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons to scroll to the
Ozone/Perm line.
5. Use the ← and → pushbuttons to select the desired ozone level (Ozone Manual or
Ozone Levels 1-5).
6. Press the ENTER pushbutton to activate the selections.
3-4
Chapter 3 Operation
SOFTWARE OVERVIEW
The Model 146C is based on menu-driven software as illustrated in Figure 3-2. The
Thermo Environmental Instruments Model 146C Power-Up and Ready screens, shown at
the top of the flowchart, are displayed when the instrument is turned on. After the warm-
up period, the first run screen appears. This screen displays the instrument’s current
mode, any alarms present, and lets you select previously determined gas, span, and
ozonator/permeation oven settings. The second run screen, accessed by pressing the RUN
pushbutton, shows the gas flow and zero-airflow rates, and their target rates.
From the Run screen, the Main Menu can be displayed by pressing the MENU pushbutton.
The Main Menu contains a list of submenus. Each submenu contains related instrument
settings.
Power-Up Screen
The Power-Up screen, shown below, is displayed on power up of the Model 146C.
THERMO ENVIRONMENTAL
INSTRUMENTS
MODEL 146C
Power-Up Screen
3-5
Chapter 3 Operation
Ready Screen
The Ready Screen, shown below, is displayed while the internal components are warming
up.
MODEL 146C
GETTING READY
Ready Screen
Bad Data Screen
If any of the stored parameters in the HC11 EEPROM memory are outside the allowed
limits, for example, a new HC11 is installed, the Bad Data Screen appears and prompts
you to load the default values, as shown below. This feature speeds up the restoring of
the 146C to operating conditions.
When prompted, press the ENTER button to load default values.
Bad data in the HC11

EEPROM memory
Set them to default?
Bad Data Screen
3-6
Power Up Screen
Getting Ready Screen
Run Screen 1 Main Menu
Run Screen 2 Service Mode "On"
Permeation Instrument
Mode Gas A, B, C Ozonator Program Alarms Diagnostics
Oven Controls
3-7
Service * Name Zero Air * Permeation Temp Program Internal Temp Time Program Numbers
Local * Solenoid Manual * Adj Oven Thermistor Start Time Ozon Lamp Temp Date Voltages
Remote * Tank Conc Level 1-5 * Adj Gas Thermistor Start Date Perm Oven Temp Instrument ID Temperatures
Span 0 Flow * Adj Gas Temperature Period Days Screen Brightness Option Switches
Span 1-5 * Permeation K Duration Min
Manual Permeation Rate Events
Perm 1-5 PPM
Load Default Flow Control Enter Pres Zero Air Gas Flow External A/D Set Test
Gas Flow Cal Test D/A
Parameters F Scales And Temp Flow Cal Cal Sol Solenoids Frequency Display
Zero Air Gas Assignment

Gas Zero Assignment
Chapter 3 Operation
FLOW CHART
MENU-DRIVEN SOFTWARE
* AVAILABLE IN SERVICE MODEL ONLY
49P208 B
Figure 3-2. Flowchart of Menu-Driven Software

Chapter 3 Operation
Run 1 Screen
SERVICE
REMOTE
EVENT
LOCAL ALARM O4:OO
GAS A *GAS OFF TSCCM O
GAS B SPAN PPM O.OOOO
GAS C OZON/PERM OFF
SPAN 1
SPAN 2
SPAN 3
SPAN 4
SPAN 5
MANUAL
OZON MAN
OZON 1
OZON 2
OZON 3
OZON 4
OZON 5
PERM 1
PERM 2
PERM 3
PERM 4
PERM 5
Run 1 Screen
The Model 146C has two run screens. Pressing the RUN pushbutton toggles the display
between the two screens. The Run 1 screen is used to make a selection of 146C operating
parameters from the settings specified through the MENU screen. Settings are preserved
when power to the 146C is turned off, selections are not. In remote mode, the Run 1
screen is only a display screen the selections are made remotely.
3-8
Chapter 3 Operation
The first line of the Run 1 screen displays the instrument’s mode, current alarm, and the
time, as shown on the previous page. Lines two through four contain the current menu
selections. When the instrument is in either Local or Service mode, an asterisk (*)
appears on the line, whose selection is to be made. If the instrument is in Remote mode,
a pound sign (#) appears in place of the asterisk. While in Remote mode, selections can
be made using RS232, or through contact closures using the 50-pin connector located on
the instrument’s rear panel. When a scheduled event occurs, the word EVENT appears on
the first line.
Note: Selections cannot be made when an event is active.
If the selections made do not correspond with instrument’s current settings, a message
appears indicating an inconsistency.
Note: When the flows and concentration settings are entered, they are checked for
consistency with the tank concentration and flow controller ranges (4 to 100
percent of full scale), and then validated. These setting can become invalid if
a new tank concentration is entered.
When the instrument is in either Service or Local mode and an event is not running, use
the Run 1 screen as follows:
! Press the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons to move to a new line.

! Press the ← or → pushbuttons to select a previously determined setting.
The second line displays the total flow (gas plus zero-air) of the selected, or GAS OFF if
a gas is not selected. The Model 146C can have up to three external gas (standards) or up
to six external standards (optional).
The third line of the Run 1 Screen displays the span selection (Span 0 through 5, and
Manual). The Span settings are predetermined when entering the Gases A, B, or C and
Spans 1 through 5 screen. The instrument sets the flow parameters to meet these criteria.
MANUAL is also a previously determined setting, but the zero-air and gas flows are set
manually.
The fourth line of the Run 1 Screen displays the ozonator or permeation oven selections.
This line is not displayed if the ozonator or permeation oven options are not installed. A
maximum of five ozonator settings can be selected for each gas. If no gas flow is active,
up to five different permeation oven settings can be selected, and the permeation level is
displayed to its right. When a gas flow is active, the permeation oven can be functioning,
but no permeation gas concentration can be prescribed. Therefore the screen only
displays “PERM”, with the permeation concentration to the right.
3-9
Chapter 3 Operation
Run 2 Screen
GAS OFF SCCM 0.00

TARGET 100.00
Z AIR SCCM 150.
TARGET 4000.
Run 2 Screen
The second run screen, shown above, reports the actual gas and zero-air flows and the
corresponding target flows.
3-10
Chapter 3 Operation
Main Menu
The Main Menu, shown below, contains the Model 146C submenus. Instrument
parameters and settings can be read and modified within the submenus according to their
function.
To display the Main Menu, start at the Run screen and press the MENU pushbutton.
Using the Main Menu:
! To move the cursor up or down, use the ↑ and ↓ pushbuttons.

! To select a setting, press ENTER.
! To switch to the Run screen, press RUN or ALT.
1.
MAIN MENU: 10:00

>MODE
GAS A GAS A
GAS B GAS B
GAS C GAS C
OZONATOR
PERMEATION OVEN
PROGRAM
ALARMS
INSTRUMENT CONTROLS
DIAGNOSTICS
Note: Items shown below are only available in Service mode.
LOAD DEFAULT PARAMS

FLOW CONTROL FSCALES
ENTER PRES AND TEMP
ZERO AIR FLOW CAL
GAS FLOW CAL SOL
GAS FLOW CAL
EXTERNAL SOLENOIDS
A/D FREQUENCY
SET TEST DISPLAY
Main Menu
3-11
Chapter 3 Operation
Mode
The Mode screen, shown below, is used to set the instrument’s mode to Service, Local, or
Remote.
The Service mode includes parameters and functions that are useful when making
adjustments or troubleshooting the Model 146C. The following menus can be accessed
only when the instrument is in the Service mode: Load Default Parameters, Flow Control
Fscales, Enter Pressure and Temperature, Zero-air Flow Calibration, Gas Flow
Calibration Solenoid, Gas Flow Calibration, External Solenoids, A/D Frequency, and Set
Test Display.
Local mode is used to control the instrument through the front panel. Remote mode is
accomplished through an RS-232/485 interface, enabling the instrument to be controlled
by a remote host device such as a PC, PLC, datalogger, etcetera. (refer to Appendix B,
“RS-232/485 Commands”).
To display the Mode screen, start at the Main Menu and select Mode.
Using the Service Mode screen:
! To change modes, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To set the mode, press ENTER.
! To return to the Main Menu, press MENU.
MODE: SERVICE
SET TO REMOTE?
Mode Screen
3-12
Chapter 3 Operation
GAS A, B, C SCREENS
When in Service mode, the Gas A, B, or C menus let you assign a name, solenoid, and
tank concentration to each gas. When using any of the three instrument modes (Service,
Local, and Remote), the gas menus let you set the zero-air flow (span 0 flow) and the
total flow output for a maximum of five span settings for each gas. Additionally, the gas
menus let you manually set the zero-air and gas flows for each gas.
To display the Gas A, B, or C menus, start at the Main Menu and select Gas A, B, or C.
Using the Gas A, B, or C menus:

! To select a gas, press ENTER.
GAS A GAS A
>NAME
SOLENOID
TA TANK CONC
SPAN O FLOW
SPAN 1
SPAN 2
SPAN 3
SPAN 4
SPAN 5
MANUAL
Gas A, B, or C Screens
3-13
Chapter 3 Operation
Name Screen
The Name screen, shown below, lets you identify each gas. As initially delivered, the
instrument lists the gas standards using the letters A, B, C (and D, E, F if the six gas
option is installed). These characters can be changed to represent actual chemical
symbols of the gases used by each (for example, SO2, NO, CO2), or any other
representation, up to five characters. This screen is available only when the instrument is
in the Service mode.
To display the Name screen, start at the Main Menu, select Gas A, B, or C, and then
select Name.
Using the Name screen:
! To move the underscore to select a character, use the ← or → pushbuttons.

! To select a new character (A - Z, 0 - 9, space), use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.
! To save your selection, press the ENTER pushbutton.
! To return to the Gas A, B, or C menus press MENU.
! To return to the Run screen, press RUN.
GAS A NAME SO2
ENTER?
Name Screen
3-14
Chapter 3 Operation
Solenoid Screen
The Solenoid screen, shown below, lets you select a solenoid to control each of the gases
(note that Gas A has been identified in the Name screen as SO2, and the Solenoid screen
retains the identification). Default solenoid designations are: Solenoid A for Gas A,
Solenoid B for Gas B, and Solenoid C for Gas C (the same default designation system
applies to Solenoids D through F if the six gas option is installed). This screen is
available only when the instrument is in the Service mode.
To display the Solenoid screen, start at the Main Menu, select Gas A, B, or C, and then
select a Solenoid.
Using the Solenoid screen:
! To select a new solenoid, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To save your selection, press ENTER.
GAS A SO2
SOLENOID A
SET TO B
ENTER?
Solenoid Screen
3-15
Chapter 3 Operation
Tank Concentration Screen
The Tank Concentration screen, shown below, lets you enter the concentration, in parts
per million (ppm), of each tank gas (note that Gas A has been identified in the Name
screen as SO2, and the Tank Concentration screen retains the identification). This screen
is available only when the instrument is in the Service mode.
To display the Tank Concentration screen, start at the Main Menu, select Gas A, B, or C
(if the six gas option is installed, Gas D, E, or F can also be selected), and then select
Tank Conc.
Using the Tank Concentration screen:
! To underscore a digit, use the ← or → pushbuttons.

! To increment or decrement the underscored digit, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.
GAS A SO2
TANK CONC:
PPM OOO2OO.OOO
ENTER?
Tank Concentration Screen
3-16
Chapter 3 Operation
Span 0 Flow Screen
The Span 0 Flow screen, shown below, sets the zero-air flow. The screen identifies the
minimum and maximum acceptable Span 0 flow rates and lets you select a flow rate
between these two settings. If the selected Span 0 flow is lower or higher than the
acceptable range, “TOO LOW” or “TOO HIGH” appears on the screen.
To display the Span 0 Flow screen, start at the Main Menu, select Gas A, B, or C, and
then select Span 0 Flow.
Using the Span 0 Flow screen:

MIN SCCM AO 2OO

MAX SCCM 1OOOO
SETTING O2OO
ENTER?
Span 0 Flow Screen
3-17
Chapter 3 Operation
Span 1-5 Screen
The Span menu, shown below, displays the span concentration and total flow rate
settings, with a maximum of five span levels. The span concentration and/or the total
flow rate can be selected using this menu to change these settings.
To display the Span menus, start at the Main Menu, select Gas A, B, or C, and then
select Span (1 - 5).
Using the Span menu:
! To select concentration or flow, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To switch to the corresponding screen, press ENTER.
! To return to the Run screen, press ALT.
GAS A SPAN 1:
>CONC PPM O.4OO
FLOW SCCM 1OOO
Span Menu
3-18
Chapter 3 Operation
Span Concentration Screen
The Span Concentration screen, shown below, displays the minimum and maximum
concentration for spans 1 through 5 of each gas. Minimum and maximum values are
calculated based upon the tank concentration and the mass flow controllers. The desired
concentration can be set between these two limits. If the concentration entered is outside
of the minimum or maximum values, the message “Too High” or “Too Low” is
displayed.
To display the Span Concentration screen, start at the Main Menu, select Gas A, B, or
C, select Span (1 - 5), and then select Conc PPM.
Using the Span Concentration screen:
! To move the underscore to select a digit, use the ← or → pushbuttons.

! To return to the Span menu, press MENU.
MIN PPM A1 O.O2O

MAX PPM 33.33O
SETTING O32.4OO
ENTER?
Span Concentration Screen
3-19
Chapter 3 Operation
Span Flow Screen
The Span Flow screen, shown below, displays the minimum and maximum flows for
spans 1 through 5 of each gas. Minimum and maximum values are calculated based
upon, the tank concentration, mass flow controllers. The desired concentration can be set
between these two limits. If the concentration entered is outside of the minimum or
maximum values, the message “Too High” or “Too Low” is displayed.
To display the Span Flow screen, start at the Main Menu, select Gas A, B, or C, select
Span (1 – 5), and then select Flow PPM.
Using the Span Flow screen:

! To save the setting, press ENTER.
! To return to the Span menu, press MENU.
MIN TSCCM A1 5OO

MAX TSCCM 1OO4O
SETTING O15OO
ENTER?
Span Flow Screen
3-20
Chapter 3 Operation
Manual Screen
The Manual screen, shown below, displays the zero-air and gas flows, and lets you
manually set the zero-air and gas flows.
To display the Manual screen, start at the Main Menu, select Gas A, B, or C, and then
select Manual.
Using the Manual screen:
! To select zero-air or gas, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To switch to the corresponding screen, press ENTER.
GAS A MANUAL FLOWS:

>ZERO AIR SCCM 9624
GAS SCCM 6O.OO
Manual Screen
3-21
Chapter 3 Operation
Manual Zero Air Screen
The Manual Zero Air screen, shown below, displays the manual zero air flow setting, and
lets you modify this setting.
To display the Manual Zero Air screen, start at the Main Menu, select Gas A, B, or C,
select Manual, and then select Zero Air SCCM.
Using the Manual Zero Air screen:
! To increment or decrement the setting, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To return to the Manual menu, press MENU.
Note: Manual flow settings are not saved.
GAS A MAN ZERO AIR:

FLOW SCCM 429
78 INC/DEC
Manual Zero Air Screen
3-22
Chapter 3 Operation
Manual Gas Screen
The Manual Gas screen, shown below, displays the manual gas flow setting and lets you
modify this setting.
To display the Manual Gas screen, start at the Main Menu, select Gas A, B, or C, select
Manual, and then select Gas SCCM.
Using the Manual Gas screen:

! To return to the Manual menu, press MENU.
Note: Manual flow settings are not saved.
GAS A MAN GAS FLOW:

SCCM 1OO.OO
78 INC/DEC
Manual Gas Screen
3-23
Chapter 3 Operation
OZONATOR CONTROLS
The Model 146C can be equipped with an optional internal ozonator. The production of
ozone is regulated by either changing the flow of zero-air or by changing the intensity of
the ozone-producing lamp.
The Ozonator menu, shown below, lets you set the amount of zero-air flow. From this
menu, the ozone generation can be set manually, or up to five ozone levels can be set.
To display the Ozonator menu, start at the Main Menu and select Ozonator.
Using the Ozonator menu:

! To return to the Main menu, press MENU.
OZONATOR:
>ZERO AIR SCCM 5535
MANUAL O.O
LEVEL 1 2O.O%
LEVEL 2 4O.O%
LEVEL 3 6O.O%
LEVEL 4 8O.O%
LEVEL 5 1OO.O%
Ozonator Menu
3-24
Chapter 3 Operation
Ozonator Zero Air
The Ozonator Zero Air screen, shown below, lets you set the amount of zero air flow
through the ozonator.
To display the Ozonator Zero Air screen, start at the Main Menu, select Ozonator, and
then select Zero Air.
Using the Ozonator Zero Air screen:

! To return to the Ozonator menu, press MENU.
MIN OZ ZERO AIR 2OO

MAX SCCM 1OOOO
SETTING O5635
ENTER?
Ozonator Zero Air Screen
3-25
Chapter 3 Operation
Ozonator Manual Level
The ozonator in the Model 146C can be certified for use as a transfer standard. To
determine a calibration curve, an external ozone primary standard such as the Thermo
Environmental Model 49C Primary Standard, must be used.
Due to changes in light intensity, flow, and ambient temperature, the calibration curve is
accurate only for a short time after a transfer standard reading is taken. Since the setting
is not remembered once the Model 146C is powered down, the calibration curve is not
retained and must be regenerated on instrument start up. This ensures that the calibration
is accurate. The Ozonator Manual Level screen, shown below, is used when certifying
the ozone generator as a transfer standard.
To display the Ozonator Manual Level screen, start at the Main Menu and select
Ozonator.
Using the Ozonator Manual Level screen:
! To increment or decrement the level, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To return to the Ozonator menu and select the value, press MENU.
OZONATOR MAN LEVEL:

O.O%
78 INC/DEC
Ozonator Manual Level Screen
3-26
Chapter 3 Operation
Ozonator Level 1-5
Five ozonator levels can be set using the Ozonator Level screen, as shown below.
To display the Ozonator Level screen, start at the Main Menu, select Ozonator, and then
select Level (1 – 5).
Using the Ozonator Level screen:
! To increment or decrement the level, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To return to the Ozonator menu, press MENU.
OZONATOR LEVEL 1:
2O.O%
SET TO 25.O%
78 INC/DEC
Ozonator Level Screen
3-27
Chapter 3 Operation
PERMEATION OVEN CONTROLS
The Model 146C can be equipped with an optional permeation oven. The permeation
oven supplies an internal source of calibration gas. A small amount of zero-air flows
through the permeation tube oven and is mixed with the remainder of the zero-air flow in
the mixing chamber.
Before you can calibrate the permeation oven controls, you must perform these steps:
1. Set option switch 4 to the ON position.

2. From the Main Menu, select Mode, and then set the Mode to Service.
All of the functions displayed in the Permeation Oven menu, as shown below, can be
accessed.
Note: In Local or Remote mode, only the permeation level (PERM 1 – 5) can be
accessed, not calibrated. The flow of zero air is set in the Manual Settings
screen of the Flow Controls menu.
To display the Permeation Oven menu, start at the Main Menu and select Permeation
Oven.
Using the Permeation Oven menu:

! To select the flow, press ENTER.
PERMEATION OVEN:
>PERMEATION TEMP
AD ADJ OVEN THERMISTOR
AD ADJ GAS THERMISTOR
ADJ GAS TEMPERATURE

PERMEATION K
PERMEATION RATE
PERM 1 PPM 0.2OO
PERM 2 PPM 0.4OO
PERM 3 PPM 0.6OO
PERM 4 PPM 0.8OO
PERM 5 PPM 1.OOO
Permeation Oven Menu
3-28
Chapter 3 Operation
Permeation Temperature
The Permeation Temperature screen, shown below, lets you set the oven temperature to
either 30°C, 35°C, or 45°C. This function is only available when the instrument is in the
Service mode, and should not be changed until the factory has been consulted (see the
caution, below).
! CAUTION: The Model 146C is set to the proper oven temperature at the factory.
Any changes to that temperature setting without factory consultation will cause
inaccurate temperature and concentration readings.
To display the Permeation Temperature menu, start at the Main Menu, select
Permeation Oven, and then select Permeation Temperature.
Using the Permeation Temperature menu:
! To increment or decrement the temperature, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To save your selection, press the ENTER pushbutton.
! To return to the Permeation Oven menu, press MENU.
PERM TEMP 45.O gC

SET TO 45.O gC
temp is set by R1,R3
78 INC/DEC
Permeation Temp Screen
3-29
Chapter 3 Operation
Adj Oven Thermistor, Adj Gas Thermistor, and Adj Gas Temperature
The Adj Oven Thermistor, Adj Gas Thermistor, and Adj Gas Temperature screens,
shown below, are used to calibrate the permeation tube oven. See chapter 4,
“Calibration”, for more details. These screens are only available when the instrument is
in Service mode.
To display these screens, start at the Main Menu, select Service Mode, select
Permeation Oven, and then select Cal Oven Thermistor, Cal Gas Thermistor, or Set
Gas Temperature.
OVEN DRIVE 4.876 V

replace oven therm
with 4369 ohms and
adj R2 for 5.OOO V
Adj Oven Thermistor Screen
PERM GAS 44.99gC

replace gas therm
with 4369 ohms and
adj R4 for 45.OO gC
Adj Gas Thermistor Screen
PERM GAS 44.99gC

OVEN DRIVE 4,873 V
adj R2, wait 10 min,
repeat until 45.O gC
Adj Gas Temperature Screen
3-30
Chapter 3 Operation
Permeation K
The Permeation K (constant) screen, shown below, lets you set the multiplier for each
permeation tube for a given oven temperature. This function is only available when the
instrument is in Service mode.
To display the Permeation K screen, start at the Main Menu, select Permeation Oven,
and then select Permeation K.
Using the Permeation K screen:

PERMEATION K:
1.OOO
SET TO 1.O2O
ENTER?
Permeation K Screen
3-31
Chapter 3 Operation
Permeation Rate
The Permeation Rate screen, shown below, lets you enter the permeation rate of the
permeation capsule used. This function is only available when the instrument is in
Service mode.
To display the Permeation Rate screen, start at the Main Menu, select Permeation
Oven, and then select Permeation Rate.
Using the Permeation Rate screen:

PERMEATION RATE:
NG/NG/MIN 1OOO.O
SET TO O1O2O.O
ENTER?
Permeation Rate Screen
3-32
Chapter 3 Operation
Perm 1-5 Screen
The Perm 1 - 5 screens, shown below, let you set minimum and maximum permeation
levels. These levels can be selected from the Run screen when the instrument is in Local
or Service modes.
Note: When a tank gas is powered-on, permeation levels cannot be selected from the
Run screen.
To display the Perm 1 – 5 screens, start at the Main Menu, select Permeation Oven, and
then select Perm (1 – 5).
Using the Perm (1 – 5) screens:

MIN PPM P1 O.1OO

MAXMAX PPM 5.OOO
SETTING 1.2OO
ENTER?
Perm 1-5 Screens
3-33
Chapter 3 Operation
PROGRAM CONTROLS
Program sets the Model 146C’s internal computer program to conduct a series of
calibration events at preset times and durations. Up to 10 calibration events can be
programmed. Each event can be assigned gas, span, ozonator, and permeation oven
parameters.
To display the Program screen, start at the Main Menu and select Program.
Using the Program Settings screen:
! To move the cursor, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To make a selection, press ENTER.
! To return to Main Menu, press MENU.
PROGRAM:
>PROGRAM ENABLED
START TIME 1O:OO
START MAR O2 2OO2
NEXT TIME 15:00
PERIOD DAYS 7
DURATION MIN 1O
EVENTS
Program Settings Screen
3-34
Chapter 3 Operation
Program Enabled/Disabled
The Program Enabled/Disabled screen, shown below, lets you activate or deactivate the
Program function. When enabled, the instrument performs calibration functions at the
preset times and durations.
To display the Program Enabled/Disabled screen, start at the Main Menu, select
Program, and then select either Program Enabled or Disabled.
Using the Program Enabled/Disabled screens:
! To enable or disable the program, press ENTER.

! To return to Program, press MENU pushbutton.
! To return to the Run screen, press RUN pushbutton.
PROGRAM STATUS:
ENABLED
DISABLE IT?
Program Enabled/Disabled Screen
3-35
Chapter 3 Operation
Start Time
The Start Time screen, shown below, displays the next time (military) that the program
will be activated.
To display the Start Time screen, begin from the Main Menu, select Program, and then
select Start Time.
Using the Start Time screen:

! To save the revised time, press ENTER.
2.
Note: The revised time appears in the Program Setting screen only after the Program
Settings have been enabled).
! To return to Program, press MENU.

START TIME:
15:00
SET TO 16:00
ENTER?
Start Time Screen
3-36
Chapter 3 Operation
Start
The Start screen, shown below, displays the next date (month/day/year) that an event is
activated. If an event is presently running, the current date is shown. If an event is not
running, the next start date is shown.
To display the Start screen, begin from the Main Menu, select Program, and then select
Start.
Using the Start screen:

! To save the revised date, press ENTER.
Note: The revised date appears in the Program Setting screen only after Program
Settings have been enabled.

FIRST START DATE:

SUN MAR O4 2OO2
SET TO MAR O5 2002
ENTER?
Start Screen
3-37
Chapter 3 Operation
Period Days
The Period Days screen, shown below, lets you select the number of days between cycles
of the program.
To display the Period Days screen, begin from the Main Menu, select Program, and
then select Period Days.
Using the Period Days screen:
! To increment or decrement the repetition period, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To save the revised period, press ENTER.
PERIOD OF EVENTS:
DAYS 7
SETSET TO 5?
78 INC/DEC
Period Days Screen
3-38
Chapter 3 Operation
Duration Min
Duration Min, shown below, lets you set the duration of an event. The maximum run
time allowed is 100 minutes.
To display the Duration Min screen, start at the Main Menu, select Program, and then
select Duration Min.
Using the Duration Min screen:
! To increment or decrement the duration period, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To save the revised period, press ENTER.
DURATION PER EVENT:

MINUTES 1O
SETSET TO 3O?
78 INC/DEC
Duration Screen
3-39
Chapter 3 Operation
Events
The Events menu, shown below, lets you turn events on or off. You can control a
maximum of 10 events from this menu.
To display the Events menu, start at the Main Menu, select Program, and then select
Events.
Using the Events menu:
! To select an event, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To save the event, press ENTER.
PERIODIC EVENTS:
>EVENT 1 OFF
EVENT 2 OFF
EVENT 3 OFF
EVENT 4 OFF
EVENT 5 OFF
EVENT 6 OFF
EVENT 7 OFF
EVENT 8 OFF
EVENT 9 OFF
EVENT 1O OFF
Events Menu
3-40
Chapter 3 Operation
Periodic Events
The Periodic Events screen lets you select specific parameters (a gas, a preset span level
for that gas, and Ozonator and Permeation levels, see “Gas A, B, C | Span” and
“Ozonator” and “Permeation Oven” below) for each event.
To display the Periodic Events screen, start at the Main Menu, select Program, select
Events, and then select an event number.
Using the Periodic Events screen:
! To move the asterisk to a parameter, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To select a gas, change the span level, or change the ozonator/permeation oven level
use the ← and → pushbuttons.
! To save your revised parameter selection, press ENTER.
SPAN 1
SPAN 2
SPAN 3
SPAN 4 EVENT 1: *ON OFF
SPAN 5 GAS A?
MANUAL GAS B
SPAN O? PPM 0.8OO GAS C
OZON/PERM OFF? GAS OFF
OZON MAN
OZON 1
OZON 2
OZON 3
OZON 4
OZON 5
PERM
Events Screen
3-41
Chapter 3 Operation
ALARM CONTROLS
The Model 146C’s calibrator monitors specific temperature parameters such as internal
temperature, ozonator lamp temperature, and permeation oven temperature, and displays
them in the Alarm menu (shown below). The Alarm menu gives you access to the
appropriate screens that let you set an acceptable range for each parameter. If a
temperature being monitored exceeds the lower or upper limit, its status is either LOW or
HIGH, respectively. The top line of the Alarm menu shows the number of parameters
that are not within the acceptable range.
To display the Alarm menu, start at the Main Menu and select Alarm.
Using the Alarm screen:
! To move the cursor up or down, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To save your temperature range selection, press ENTER.
ALARMS DETECTED: O
>INTERNAL TEMP: OK
OZON LAMP TEMP: OK
PERM OVEN TEMP: OK
Alarm Screen
3-42
Chapter 3 Operation
Internal Temp
The Internal Temperature screen, shown below, displays the actual internal temperature
of the instrument and the minimum and maximum permissible temperature limits. You
can use this screen to change the instrument’s internal temperature limits.
To display the Internal Temp screen, start at the Main Menu, select Alarm, and then
select Internal Temp.
Using the Internal Temp screen:

INTERNAL TEMP:
ACTUAL 28.4gC
LIMITS 18.5 47.O
ENTER?
Internal Temp Screen
3-43
Chapter 3 Operation
Ozone Lamp Temp
The Ozone Lamp Temperature screen, shown below, displays the actual lamp
temperature and the minimum (65.0 degrees centigrade) and maximum (75.0 degrees
centigrade) permissible temperature limits. You can use this screen to change the
instrument’s ozone lamp temperature limits.
To display the Ozone Lamp Temp screen, start at the Main Menu, select Alarm, and
then select Ozon Lamp Temp.
Using the Ozone Lamp Temp screen:

! To save your selected limits (appears when the limits change), press ENTER.
OZON LAMP TEMP:

ACTUAL 68.9 gC
LIMITS 65.O 75.O
ENTER?
Ozone Lamp Temp Screen
3-44
Chapter 3 Operation
Permeation Oven Temp
The Permeation Oven Temperature screen, shown below, displays the actual internal
temperature permeation oven and the minimum and maximum permissible temperatures.
You can use this screen to change the instrument’s permeation oven temperature limits.
To display the Permeation Oven Temp screen, start at the Main Menu, select Alarm,
and then select Perm Oven Temp.
Using the Permeation Temp screen:

PERM OVEN TEMP:

ACTUAL 45.7gC
LIMITS 44.8 45.8
ENTER?
Permeation Oven Temp Screen
3-45
Chapter 3 Operation
INSTRUMENT CONTROLS
The Instrument Controls menu, shown below, lets you set various controls within the
instrument such as mode, time, date, baud rate, instrument ID, and screen brightness.
To display the Instrument Controls menu, start at the Main Menu and select Instrument
Controls.
Using the Instrument Controls menu:

! To save your control selection, press ENTER.
INSTRUMENT CONTROLS:
>TIME 11:2O
DATE MAR O7 2OO2
INSTRUMENT ID
SCREEN BRIGHTNESS
Instrument Controls Screen
3-46
Chapter 3 Operation
Time
The Time screen, shown below, lets you set your instrument’s internal timing device for
local time using a 24-hour clock.
To display the Time screen, start at the Main Menu, select Instrument Controls, and
then select Time.
Using the Time screen:

! To save your time selection, press ENTER.
! To return to the Instrument Controls, press MENU.
CURRENT TIME:
15:18
SET TO 15:19
ENTER?
Time Screen
3-47
Chapter 3 Operation
Date
The Date screen, shown below, lets you set the month, day, and year for your
instrument’s internal date system.
To display the Date screen, start at the Main Menu, select Instrument Controls, and
then select Date.
Using the Date screen:
! To underscore a month or day/year digit, use the ← or → pushbuttons.

! To increment or decrement the underscored digit or month, use the ↑ or ↓
pushbuttons.
! To save your date selection, press ENTER.
CURRENT DATE:
WED MAR 07 2002
SET TO MAR 08 2002
ENTER?
Date Screen
3-48
Chapter 3 Operation
Instrument ID
The Instrument ID screen, shown below, allows you to create a numeric (0 to 99)
identification number or “ID” for each of your instruments. You can then use this screen
to display and or change your instrument’s ID for maintenance and tracking purposes.
To display the Instrument ID screen, start at the Main Menu, select Instrument
Controls, and then select Instrument ID.
Using the Instrument ID screen:
! To increment or decrement the ID number, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To save your number selection, press ENTER.
! To return to the Instrument ID, press MENU.
INSTRUMENT ID 95
SET TO 95
78 INC/DEC
Instrument ID Screen
3-49
Chapter 3 Operation
Screen Brightness
The Screen Brightness screen, shown below, lets you change the intensity of your
instrument’s display. You can alter the intensity from 25 to 100 percent in 25 percent
increments.
To display the Screen Brightness screen, start at the Main Menu, select Instrument
Controls, and then select Screen Brightness.
Using the Screen Brightness screen:
! To increment or decrement the brightness, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To save your percent selection, press ENTER.
BRIGHTNESS 100 %
SET TO 100 %
78 INC/DEC
Screen Brightness Screen
3-50
Chapter 3 Operation
DIAGNOSTIC CONTROLS
The Diagnostics menu, shown below, lets you set various diagnostic parameters within
your instrument such as program numbers, voltages, temperatures, and option switch
states.
To display the Diagnostics menu, start at the Main Menu and select Diagnostics.
Using the Diagnostics screen:

! To save your diagnostics selection, press ENTER.
DIAGNOSTICS:
>PROGRAM NUMBERS
VOLTAGES
TEMPERATURES
OPTION SWITCHES
Diagnostics Screen
3-51
Chapter 3 Operation
Program Numbers
The Program Numbers screen, shown below, lets you view the current software version
installed on your instrument. This screen is a read only display. You cannot change the
information on this screen.
To display the Program Numbers screen, start at the Main Menu, select Diagnostics, and
then select Program Numbers.
Viewing Program Numbers screen:
! To return to the Diagnostics screen, press MENU.

MAIN PROGRAM:
146C 002000P 012802
COMM PROGRAM:
146C 002000L 012802
Program Numbers Screen
3-52
Chapter 3 Operation
Voltages
The Voltages screen, shown below, lets you view your instrument’s current DC power
supply voltages. This screen is a read only display. You cannot change the information
on this screen.
To display the Voltages screen, start at the Main Menu, select Diagnostics, and then
select Voltages.
Viewing the Voltages screen:

+5 SUPPLY 5.O V
+15 SUPPLY 15.2 V
-15 SUPPLY -14.8 V
BATTERY 2.9 V
Voltages Screen
3-53
Chapter 3 Operation
Temperatures
The Temperatures screen, shown below, lets you view your instrument’s internal
temperature, ozone lamp temperature, and permeation oven temperature. This screen is a
read only display. You cannot change the information on this screen.
To display the Temperatures screen, start at the Main Menu, select Diagnostics, and
then select Temperatures.
Viewing the Temperatures screen:

TEMPERATURES:
g
INTERNAL 26.2 C
g
OZON LAMP 71.7 C
g
PERM GAS 45.75 C
Temperatures Screen
3-54
Chapter 3 Operation
Option Switches
The Option Switches screen, shown below, lets you view your instrument’s internal
option switch settings. Option switch settings cannot be changed through the software.
They can only be changed through the dip switches located on the motherboard (see
Figure 3-3). This screen is a read only display. You cannot change the information on
this screen.
To display the Option Switches screen, start at the Main Menu, select Diagnostics, and
then select Option Switches.
Viewing the Option Switches screen:

OPTION SWITCHES:
>#1 I/O REMOTE OFF
#2 SPARE ON
#3 OZONATOR ON
#4 PERM OVEN ON
#5 SPARE OFF
#6 SPARE OFF
#7 NO OF GASES OFF
#8 NO OF GASES OFF
Option Switches Screen
3-55
Chapter 3 Operation
The internal option switches are used to activate hardware and software options. The
function of each option switch is given in Table 3-1. These option switches are located
on the motherboard, near the front panel, as shown in Figure 3-3.
Figure 3-3. Location of Internal Option Switches
3-56
Chapter 3 Operation
Option Function
Switch
1 I/O or RS-232
2 Spare
3 Ozonator
4 Permeation Oven
5 Spare
6 Spare
7 *Number of Gases
8 *Number of Gases
Table 3-1. Option Switch Functions
RS-232 and Input/Output (I/O) Remote
Option switch 1 is used to select between RS-232 and I/O Remote activation. When
option switch 1 is off, RS-232 is activated, and when option switch 1 is on, I/O is
activated.
Ozonator
Option switch 3 should be set to ON if either of the ozonators is installed.
Permeation Oven
Option switch 4 should be set to ON if the permeation oven is installed.
Number of Gases
Option switches 7 and 8 are used together to identify the amount of gases that the 146C
controls. Refer to Table 3-2 for the appropriate settings.
Number of Gases Option Switch 7 Option Switch 8

3 Off Off
4 Off On
5 On Off
6 On On
Table 3-2. Settings for Option Switches, 7 and 8
3-57
Chapter 3 Operation
LOAD DEFAULT PARAMETERS
The Load Default Parameters screen, shown below, lets you reset your Model 146C to its
factory settings. Once you select this feature, all previous changes to these settings are
deleted. Thermo Environmental Instruments recommends that you do this only when a
new processor is installed. If the flow controllers installed are not set to 100 SCCM for
Gas and 10 slm for zero-air, the flow controllers full scale is invalid. It is recommended
that you change the default readings. This function is available only in Service Mode.
To display the Load Default Parameters screen, start at the Main Menu and select Load
Default Params.
Using the Load Default Parameters screen:
! To Load Default Parameters and follow the screen prompts, press ENTER.
! To return to the Main menu, press MENU.
LOAD DEFAULT PARAMS?

ARE YOU SURE?
GAHONEST?
Load Default Parameters with prompts
3-58
Chapter 3 Operation
Default Parameters
The default parameters are as follows:
Name: Gas A, B, C (and D, E, F, with the six external standards option)
Solenoid: Gas A = A, Gas B = B, Gas C = C

Tank Conc: 100 ppm
Span 1: Conc 0.400 ppm, Flow 1000 SCCM
Manual: Zero-air 0 SCCM, Gas 0.00 SCCM
Ozonator: Zero-air 10000 SCCM

Manual: 0.0%
Level 1: 20%
Level 2: 40%
Level 3: 60%
Level 4: 80%
Level 5: 100%
Permeation Oven:
Temperature: 45.0º C
Permeation Constant: 1.000
Permeation Rate: 1000.0 ng/minute
Perm 1: 0.200 ppm
Perm 2: 0.400 ppm
Perm 3: 0.600 ppm
Perm 4: 0.800 ppm
Perm 5: 1.000 ppm
Alarms:
Internal Temperature Limits: 20.0°C to 50°C
Ozone Lamp Temperature: 65.0°C to 75°C
Permeation Oven Temperature: 44.8°C to 45.2°C
Instrument Controls:
Instrument ID: 51
Screen Brightness: 100%
3-59
Chapter 3 Operation
Default Parameters (continued)
Flow Control Fullscale

Zero-air: 10.0 SLM 10.0 SLM
Gas: 100 SCCM
Zero-air Flow Calibration: 0. 500, 2.000, 3.500, 5.000, 6.500, 8.000, 9.500
Gas Flow Calibration Solenoid: Solenoid A
Gas Flow Calibration 0.500, 2.000, 3.500, 5.000, 6.500, 8.000, 9.500
3-60
Chapter 3 Operation
FLOW CONTROL FULLSCALES
The Flow Control Fullscale menu, shown below, lets you select either the zero-air
controller or gas controller screens. This menu is available only when the Model 146C is
in Service Mode.
To display the Flow Control Fullscale menu, start at the Main Menu and select Flow
Contrl Fscales.
Using the Flow Control Fullscale menu:

! To select a choice, press ENTER.
FLOW CONTRL FSCALES:

>ZERO AIR SLM 1O.OO
GAS SCCM 1OO.OO
Flow Control Fullscale Menu
3-61
Chapter 3 Operation
Zero Air Controller and Gas Controller
The Zero-air Controller and Gas Controller screens, shown below, are used when
installing new mass flow controllers (for example, when installing controllers other than
the standard 10 SLM for zero-air, or 100 sccm for gas).
Note: The mass flow controllers are accurate to only ±2 percent upon delivery from
the manufacturer. When you receive the Model 146C from Thermo
Environmental Instruments, the controllers are calibrated with greater
accuracy. To achieve an equivalent accuracy, when installing new controllers,
see the “Zero-air Flow Calibration” menu and screens and the “Gas Flow
Calibration” menu and screens later in this chapter.
To display the Zero-air Controller or Gas Controller screens, start at the Main Menu,
select Flow Contrl Fscales, and then select either the Zero Air or Gas screens.
Using the Zero Air Controller or Gas Controller screens:
! To increment or decrement the controller flow rate, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

! To save your rate selection, press ENTER.
! To return to Flow Contrl Fscales menu, press MENU.
ZERO AIR CONTROLLER GAS CONTROLLER

FULL SCALE: FULL SCALE:
SLM 10.00 SCCM 100.00
78 INC/DEC 78 INC/DEC
Zero-air Controller Screen Gas Controller Screen
3-62
Chapter 3 Operation
ENTER PRES AND TEMP
The Enter Pres and Temp screen, shown below, is used only prior to calibrating the flow
controllers. The flow controllers are calibrated prior to shipment. However, if you need
to recalibrate the flow controllers, you can use this screen to enter the pressure and
temperature for your 146C.
Note: When recalibrating these flow controller, the pressure and temperature of the
area immediately around the Model 146C must be entered for an accurate
calibration. The pressure is in millimeters mercury and the temperature is
degrees Celsius.
To display the Enter Pres and Temp Screen, start at the Main Menu and select Enter
Pres and Temp.
Using the Enter Pres and Temp Screen:
! To move the cursor, use the ← or → pushbuttons.

! To move the cursor up or down, press the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.
ENTER PRES AND TEMP:

PRES 760.0 TEMP 25.0
ENTER?
REL VOLUME 1.000
Enter Pres and Temp Screen
After the pressure and temperature have been entered the volume relative to standard
atmospheric conditions is displayed.
3-63
Chapter 3 Operation
ZERO AIR FLOW CALIBRATION
The Zero-air Flow Calibration menu, shown below, lets you calibrate the zero-air mass
flow controller at 5, 20, 35, 50, 65, 80, and 95 percent of fullscale. Using a NIST
traceable flow meter, the accuracy of the controller can be calibrated to about ±1 percent,
as opposed to the ±2 percent accuracy rating when shipped from the manufacturer. This
menu is available only when the Model 146C is in Service Mode.
To display the Zero-air Flow Calibration menu, start at the Main Menu and select Zero
Air Flow Cal.
Using the Zero Air Flow Calibration menu:
! To move the cursor up or down, press the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.

ZERO AIR FLOW CAL:

> 5% FS SLM 0.5OO
20% FS SLM 2.OOO
35% FS SLM 3.5OO
50% FS SLM 5.OOO

65% FS SLM 6.5OO
80% FS SLM 8.000
95% FS SLM 9.500
Zero-air Flow Calibration Menu
3-64
Chapter 3 Operation
Zero Air Drive (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 percent)
The Zero Air Drive screens (the 20 percent screen is shown below) let you calibrate the
zero-air mass controller using an NIST traceable flow meter as a reference. The Zero Air
Drive screens cannot be accessed without first entering the present ambient pressure
and/or temperature (see the “Enter Pressure and Temperature” section above).
To display the Zero Air Drive screen, start at the Main Menu, select Zero Air Flow Cal,
and then select a Drive Level.
Using the Zero Air Drive screens:

ZERO AIR DRIVE 2O%:

STD FLOW SLM O2.OOO
VOL FLOW LM 02.OOO
ENTER?
Zero Air Drive Screen
3-65
Chapter 3 Operation
GAS FLOW CAL SOL
The Gas Flow Calibration Solenoid screen, shown below, lets you select the solenoid to
be used when calibrating the gas flow mass controller. This function is available only
when the Model 146C is in Service Mode.
To display the Zero-air Drive screen, start at the Main Menu and select Gas Flow Cal
Sol.
Using the Gas Flow Cal screens:
! To underscore a letter, use the ← or → pushbuttons.

! To change the solenoid assignment, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.
! To save your solenoid assignment, press ENTER.
GAS FLOW CAL:

SOLENOID A
SET TO B
ENTER?
Gas Flow Cal Screen
3-66
Chapter 3 Operation
GAS AIR FLOW CALIBRATION
The Gas Air Flow Calibration menu, shown below, lets you calibrate the gas flow mass
controller at 5, 20, 35, 50, 65, 80, and 95 percent of fullscale. Using a National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable flow meter, the accuracy of the controller
can be calibrated to about ±1 percent, as opposed to the ±2 percent accuracy rating when
shipped from the manufacturer. This menu is available only when the Model 146C is in
Service Mode.
To display the Gas Flow Calibration menu, start at the Main Menu and select Gas Flow
Cal.
Using Gas Flow Calibration menu:

GAS AIR FLOW CAL:

> 5% FS SCCM 0.5OO
2O% FS SCCM 2.OOO
35% FS SCCM 3.5OO
50% FS SLM 5.OOO

65% FS SLM 6.5OO
80% FS SLM 8.000
95% FS SLM 9.500
Gas Flow Calibration Menu
3-67
Chapter 3 Operation
Gas Drive (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 percent)
The Gas Drive screens (the 20 percent screen is shown below) are used to calibrate the
gas mass flow controller using a NIST traceable flow meter as a reference. The Gas
Drive screens cannot be accessed without first entering the present ambient pressure
and/or temperature (see the “Enter Pressure and Temperature” section above).
To display the Gas Drive screens, start at the Main Menu, select Gas Flow Cal, and then
select a Drive Level.
Using the Gas Drive screens:

GAS DRIVE 2O%:

STD FLOW SCCM O2.OOO
VOL FLOW CCM 02.OOO
ENTER?
Gas Drive Screen
3-68
Chapter 3 Operation
EXTERNAL SOLENOIDS
The Model 146C can drive up to eight external solenoids. You can select the external
solenoids with the External Solenoids menu. Each solenoid can be connected to the
following: Gas A, B, or C (or D, E, or F if the six gas option is installed), the ozonator, or
the permeation oven. This menu is available only when the Model 146C is in Service
Mode.
To display the External Solenoids menu, start at the Main Menu and select External
Solenoids.
Using the External Solenoids menu:

! To return to the Main Menu, press the MENU.
EXTERNAL SOLENOIDS:
>SOL 1 abcop
SOL 2 abcop
SOL 3 abcop
SOL 4 abcop
SOL 5 abcop
SOL 6 abcop
SOL 7 abcop
SOL 8 abcop
External Solenoids Menu
3-69
Chapter 3 Operation
External Solenoid (1 – 8)
The External Solenoid screen, shown below, lets you assign either a Gas A, B, or C (or
D, E, or F if the six gas option is installed), the ozonator, or the permeation oven to each
of the eight external 24-volt solenoid drivers in the Model 146C.
To display the External Solenoid screen, start at the Main Menu and select External
Solenoid.
Using the External Solenoid screen:
! To underscore a gas (a, b, c), ozonator (o), or permeation oven (p), use the ← or →
pushbuttons.
! To capitalize the letter, use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons. An upper case letter indicates
that the gas, ozonator, or permeation oven will activate this external solenoid.
! To detach the gas, ozonator, or permeation oven from the external solenoid (the letter
becomes lower case), use the ↑ or ↓ pushbuttons.
! To save your selections, press ENTER.
! to return to the Main Menu, press MENU.
! to return to the Run screen, press ALT.
EXTERNAL SOLENOID 1:
Abcop
SET TO abcop
ENTER?
External Solenoid (1-8) Screen
The pin assignments on the rear connectors for the external solenoid wires are as show in
Table 3-3:
Solenoid 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 6 8
Pin
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Table 3-3. External Solenoid Pin Assignments
3-70
Chapter 3 Operation
A/D FREQUENCY
The A/D Frequency screen displays the frequency of each of the analog to digital
(A/D) converters located on the A/D Board, as shown below. This screen is available
as a software diagnostics tool and should be used only by TEI Service Technicians.
To display the A/D Frequency screen, start at the Main Menu, select Service Mode,
and then select A/D Frequency.
! To increment or decrement the A to D number, use the ← or → pushbuttons.

! To return to the Service Mode menu, press MENU.
A TO D FREQ 0
A TO D NUMBER NONE
78 INC/DEC
A/D Frequency Screen
3-71
Chapter 3 Operation
SET TEST DISPLAY
The Set Test Display screen, shown below, displays the contents of a given
memory location for your Model 146C. This screen is available only in the
Service Mode.
Note: This is screen is not for general use and should be accessed only when
consulting with trained TEI factory personnel.
To display the Set Test Display screen, start at the Main Menu and select Set
Test Display.
SET TEST DISPLAY:

MODE 0 ADDR 0000
Set Test Display
3-72
CHAPTER 4
CALIBRATION
This chapter describes the procedures used to calibrate the individual components of the
Model 146C.
! CAUTION: The instrument has been calibrated at the factory, and recalibration at the
time of delivery should not be necessary. If recalibration should become necessary at a
later time, ensure that the proper test equipment is available.
MASS FLOW CONTROLLERS
In order to calibrate the mass flow meter section of the zero or gas mass flow controller, a
NIST traceable flow meter is required. The term calibration means determining the
actual flow versus the flow setting for seven equally spaced flows along the range of the
device. The Model 146C then corrects the output according to an internal algorithm.
Appendix C is an excerpt from the Tylan Mass Flow Controller manual. The long-term
stability of the flow controllers is quite good. As shipped from the factory, the target
flow and actual flow from 20 to 100 percent of full scale agree to within ± 2 percent of
reading or 1 percent of full scale whichever is less.
Calibration may be done with a properly calibrated flow meter. For the most accurate
calibration procedure, use a volumetric NIST traceable calibrator with the following step-
by-step calibration procedure.
1. Connect a source of clean, dry air to the inlet of the mass flow controller.
2. Measure barometric pressure and room temperature.
3. Connect a suitable flow meter to the mass flow controller outlet.
4. Set Model 146C to Gas Drive or Zero Air Flow Calibration as described in
Chapter 3, “Operation.”
5. Set flow controller to 95 percent of full scale, then wait until flow meter reading
stabilizes.
6. Enter the flow meter reading using the flow input screen.
7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 for the remaining flow settings.
8. If difficulty is encountered due to a malfunction of the flow controller, contact
Thermo Environmental Instruments.
4-1
Chapter 4 Calibration
OZONE GENERATOR
The ozone generator used on the Model 146C qualifies as a transfer standard under
current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requirements. In order to use it as a
transfer standard, the user must certify the generator, following the procedures published
in the technical assistance document for the calibration of ozone transfer standards. In
order to determine a calibration curve for the ozone generator, an ozone primary standard
such as the Thermo Environmental Model 49C Primary Standard must be used. If an
ozone analyzer such as the Thermo Environmental Model 49C is also available, the
generation of the calibration curve becomes easier. A procedure for both is given below.
It is assumed that a Thermo Environmental Model 49C PS and Thermo Environmental
Model 49C are being used. For other ozone instruments, refer to their user's manual.
Calibration Using a Model 49C and 49C PS
Use the following steps to calibrate the Model 146C using a Model 49 and 49C PS:
1. Turn on the Model 146C, Model 49C and Model 49C PS. Allow them to
stabilize for approximately one hour. Connect zero air to the Model 146C.
2. Calibrate the Model 49C using the Model 49C PS. Follow the procedure
outlined in the Model 49C and 49C PS manuals.
3. Connect output of the Model 146C to the sample inlet of the Model 49C.
4. Set flow of Model 146C to desired level. It must be at least in excess of the
flow demand of the Model 49C, which is usually 2 Lpm.
5. Determine the ozone concentration at different ozone level settings on the
Model 146C. Note ozone level setting, ozone concentration and flow.
6. Determine a calibration curve by plotting the results of step 5. The curve is not
necessarily linear.
7. For highest confidence, reconnect the Model 49C PS to the Model 49C and
recheck the ozone calibrations.
4-2
Calibration Using Only a Model 49C PS
Use the following steps to calibrate the Model 146C using a Model 49C PS:
1. Connect the same source of zero air to the Model 146C and Model 49C PS.
2. Remove cover of the Model 49C PS. Disconnect the Teflon line between the
ozone generator and output manifold at the manifold, and then cap the manifold
fitting.
3. Replace the cover.
4. Connect a piece of 1/4" Teflon tubing between the output port of the Model
146C and “ozone out” port of the Model 49C PS.
5. Leave the vent port on the back of the 146C open to atmosphere.
6. Turn on both the Model 49C PS and Model 146C. Allow units to stabilize one
hour.
7. Set the flow to desired level. It must be in excess of the Model 49C PS
demand, which is 2 Lpm.
8. Determine the ozone concentration from Model 49C PS for different ozone
level settings of the Model 146C. Note ozone level setting, ozone
concentration, and flow.
9. Determine a calibration curve by plotting the result of step 6. The curve is not
necessarily linear.
10. Disconnect Model 49C PS and reconnect ozone generator of the Model 49C PS.
Leak check.
Calibration of Ozone Generator at Different Flows
Since the Model 146C is set up so that the flow through the ozone generator is constant
and independent of the total flow, changing the total flow changes the dilution of the
ozone. Thus the ozone concentration at other flows can be computed from the curves
determined above using the following equation.
Flow 1
Concentration at Flow 2 = X Concentration at Flow 1
1 Flow 2
PERMEATION TUBE OVEN
There are two general approaches that can be used to calibrate the permeation tube oven.
The first is to calibrate the temperature indicator very accurately (to better than 0.02°C),
and to use a permeation tube whose weight loss has been previously determined at that
temperature (note, an error of about 0.1°C corresponds to an error of 1 percent in release
rate). The second approach is to note that the thermistors used to measure temperature
are interchangeable to better that ± 0.2°C. Thus a 1 percent resistor of the proper value
(4.369 K ohm for 45°C) can be used to set the span on the Oven Controller Board. The
release rate for the permeation tube is then determined by weight loss in the actual oven
being used.
4-3
Setting Measure Temperature with Water Bath
1. Unplug the connector at J3, from the Oven Controller Board. Place a 4.369 KΩ
resistor across pins 3 and 4 of J3 on the Oven Controller Board.
2. From the Permeation Oven menu, select Cal Oven Thermistor. Adjust R2 on
the Oven Controller Board until the oven drive voltage is 5.000 volts. Press
MENU to return to the Permeation Oven menu.
OVEN DRIVE 4.876V

replace oven therm
with 4369 ohms,
adj R2 for 5.000 V
Cal Oven Thermistor Screen
3. Remove the thermistor from the permeation tube oven. Leave the thermistor
connected to the Oven Controller Board. Insert the thermistor into the water
bath next to a NIST traceable thermometer. (If necessary, use an extension
cable to reach).
4. Turn on the power to the water bath. Using an NIST traceable thermometer
with a resolution of ± 0.01°C, adjust water bath to 45°C.
5. From the Permeation Oven menu, select Cal Gas Thermistor. Adjust R4 on the
Oven Controller Board until the permeation gas temperature reading is 45°C.
PERM GAS 44.99 gC

replace gas therm
with 4369 ohms,
adj R4 for 45.00 gC
Cal Gas Thermistor Screen
6. Remove thermistor from the water bath, dry, and replace into the permeation
tube oven.
7. Wait for the permeation gas temperature reading to stabilize.
8. From the Permeation Oven menu, select Set Gas Temperature. Adjust R2 until
the Perm Gas reading displayed on the first line is 45.00°C. Since it takes
several minutes for the permeation oven temperature to stabilize, it is best to
wait 10 minutes between adjustments.
4-4
PERM GAS 44.99 gC

OVEN DRIVE 4.873 V
repeat until 45.0 gC
Set Gas Temperature Screen
Setting Measure Temperature with an Accurately Known Oven Temperature
1. Unplug the connector at J3, from the Oven Controller Board. Place a 4.369 KΩ
resistor across pins 3 and 4 of J3 on the Oven Controller Board.
2. From the Permeation Oven menu, select Cal Oven Thermistor. Adjust R2 on
the Oven Controller Board until the oven drive voltage is 5.000 volts. Press
MENU to return to the Permeation Oven menu.
OVEN DRIVE 4.869 V

replace oven therm
with 4369 ohms,
adj R2 for 5.000 V
Cal Oven Thermistor Screen
1. Unplug the thermistor from J1 on the Oven Controller Board.

2. Connect a resistance of 4.369 KΩ across pins 1 and 2 of J1 (use a resistance
substitution box and an accurate meter if necessary).
3. From the Permeation Oven menu, select Cal Gas Thermistor. Adjust R4 on the
Oven Controller Board until the permeation gas temperature reading is 45°C.
PERM GAS 45.00 gC

replace gas therm
with 4369 ohms,
adj R4 for 45.00 gC
Cal Gas Thermistor Screen
4. Reconnect measure thermistor.
4-5
5. Wait for the permeation gas temperature reading to stabilize.

6. From the Permeation Oven menu, select Set Gas Temperature. Adjust R2 until
the Perm Gas reading displayed on the first line is 45.00°C. Since it takes
several minutes for the permeation oven temperature to stabilize, wait 10
minutes between adjustments.
PERM GAS 45.00 gC

OVEN DRIVE 4.848 V
repeat until 45.00 gC
Set Gas Temperature Screen
Determination Of Permeation Rate by Weight Loss
1. Make sure the oven has been calibrated as described above.

2. Gently, insert the permeation tube using tweezers for other clean tool. Never
touch the tube with your fingers.
3. Turn on the Model 146C.
4. Wait 48 to 72 hours for the permeation tube to stabilize.
5. Carefully remove the permeation tube from the oven and weigh to an accuracy
of 0.1 mg. Perform this measurement as quickly as possible.
6. Replace permeation tube into the oven of the Model 146C.
7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 after two weeks.
8. Compute the weight loss of the permeation tube from the values determined in
steps 5, 6, and 7 above.
9. Repeat steps 5 to 8 until the weight loss has been determined to a precision of 1
to 2 percent.
10. For most accurate work, use the permeation tube in the same oven that was
used to determine the permeation tube's weight loss.
Determination of Release Rate by Use of Transfer Standard
1. To perform this procedure, one Model 43C and two Model 146Cs are needed.
2. Ensure that the ovens in both of your Model 146Cs have been calibrated.
3. Determine permeation rate for permeation tube in Model 146C being used as
calibration standard, or install a certified permeation tube.
4. Allow the permeation tubes in both Model 146Cs to stabilize at least 48 hours.
5. Carefully calibrate an analyzer, such as a Thermo Environmental Model 43C,
using Model 146C's with calibrated permeation tube.
4-6
6. Connect calibrated analyzer to Model 146C with permeation tube whose

permeation rate is to be determined.
7. Adjust flow of the Model 146C so that the analyzer reads close to full scale.
Note flow and measured concentration.
8. From flow and measured concentration, compute release rate from the
following equation:
RxK
Model 146C output (ppm) =
Qo
where:
R = permeation rate in ng/min
Qo = flow rate in sccm

24.45
K = constant for specific permeant =
MW
MW = molecular weight of specific permeant
4-7
CHAPTER 5
THEORY OF OPERATION
In order to understand the operation of the Model 146C, a general knowledge of the
electronics, software, and subassemblies is necessary.
ELECTRONICS
The electronics consist of the following subassemblies:
• DC Power Supply
• Ozonator Power Supply
• Permeation Oven Controller Board
• Microprocessor System
A brief description of each follows. Note that all the electrical schematics are given in
Appendix D, “Schematics.”
DC Power Supply
The DC Power Supply outputs the regulated and unregulated dc voltages necessary to
operate the analog and digital electronics. It outputs +20 and +18 volts unregulated and
±15 volts and +5 volts regulated. The power supply board also contains the circuitry for
driving both the internal and external solenoid valves, and generates the mass flow
controller input and output voltages.
Ozonator Power Supply
The ozonator lamp is driven by a square wave signal at approximately 15 kHz. The
square wave is generated by a pulse width modulation control circuit (U2). The square
wave feeds (Q3), which feeds two transistors (Q1 and Q2), which then drives the primary
of the lamp transformer (T1).
The secondary circuit includes the secondary winding, a 35K ohm resistor (R3), the lamp,
and a 100 ohm resistor (R4) in series. One end of the transformer is at ground potential.
The 35K ohm resistor acts as a current limiting resistor to limit the current to the lamp.
The 100 ohm resistor can be used to check the wave form and the current through the
lamp.
5-1
Chapter 5 Theory of Operation
In addition to driving the lamp, the ozonator power supply also includes the ozonator
block heating circuit (U1 and associated circuitry). The lamp block is heated by a power
transistor. The temperature is measured by a thermistor. The current, and thus the heat
into the transistor, is controlled by the operational amplifier integrated circuit (U1). As
long as the temperature as determined by the thermistor is low, the lamp power supply is
off. When the temperature is above 70°C, the lamp ignites. If the temperature of the
ozonator block should ever fall below its set point, the lamp will be turned off. The lamp
is turned off and on by turning the pulsed width modulator (U2) on or off as controlled by
the line between Pins 15 of U2 and the output of the temperature controlling op amp, Pin
8 of U1. The Ozonator Power Supply Board also contains circuitry for adjusting the
lamp amplitude and sensing the lamp temperature.
Permeation Oven Controller Board
The temperature of the permeation tube oven is controlled using the HC11 Oven
Controller Board. Contained on this board is the circuitry for controlling the oven and
sensing gas temperature. Resistors R1 and R3 set the oven temperature to 30, 35, or
45°C. The calibration of the permeation oven is described in Chapter 4.
Microprocessor System
The microprocessor system consists of printed circuit boards, which plug into a
motherboard, connecting them to each other and to the rest of the instrument. These
boards are as follows:
• Display Module
• Processor Board
• Analog to Digital Board
• Digital to Analog Board
• C-Link Board
• Input/Output Board
Display Module
The vacuum fluorescent display module shows zero air and gas flow rates, calculated
concentrations, ozone levels, instrument parameters, and help messages. The single
board display module consists of 80 characters (4 line by 20 column); refresh memory,
character generator, dc/dc converter, and all necessary control logic. The display module
is powered by +5 volts dc.
5-2
Processor Board
The Processor Board contains a Motorola M68HC11F1 microprocessor (U4), RAM (U5),
and EEPROM (U2). In addition, this high-performance, nonmultiplexed 68-pin
microprocessor contains 512 bytes of EEPROM and 1K of RAM. It is operated at a
frequency of 2 MHz, which is generated by crystal X1.
During each instruction cycle, the processor fetches an instruction from memory and
executes it, reading or writing data to or from the data bus, or performing a calculation on
some internal register or registers. The reset signal is generated by U7. The MC6840
counter chip (U1) acts as the interface between the Input Board and the microprocessor.
Pulse trains from the Input Board are fed into one of the three counters on the MC6840
counter chip.
Digital to Analog Board
The Digital to Analog Board contains four 12-bit D/A converters, only two of which are
used in the Model 146C. One is for the permeation oven, and the other is for the
ozonator. Each is addressed by the processor via signals from PA0-PA7 and PG0 and
PG1. The D/A converters are zeroed using potentiometers R5 and R7 and span is set
using potentiometers R6 and R8. The fullscale output of the two D/A converters is set by
jumpers on switches SW3 and SW4 on the D/A Board. Fullscale voltages of 10 volts are
required.
Analog to Digital Board
The Analog to Digital Board acts as an interface between all the signals monitored by the
processor system and the microprocessor itself. The internal ambient temperature,
internal ambient pressure, and power supply voltages are converted to digital signals used
by the microprocessor.
C-Link Board
The C-Link Board contains the RS-232 circuitry, clock, and memory for the datalogger.
Incoming RS-232 signals are converted to TTL levels by U3, which is a RS-232
driver/receiver. The TTL signals are then interpreted by U5, a 68HC11 microprocessor,
which is dedicated to remote communications. Data records from the internal datalogger
are stored in U2, a 128K RAM, and the link program is stored in U6, a 64K EPROM.
U10 is the internal clock. A battery supplies +3 volts to the clock and the datalogger
memory when instrument power is off.
5-3
Input/Output Board
The Input/Output Board contains relays and circuitry that provide contact closures for
given outputs and or given inputs. U5 and U9 serve the input lines I1 through I16. U4
and U8 activate the relays K1 through K16, providing contact closures for the outputs
OUT1 through OUT16. U3 drives the data, clock and strobe lines for serial transfer of
data to the 12 bit D/A counters U2 and U6. U2 and U6 generate a 0 to 2 volt signal,
applied by U1:A and U1:B to 0 to 5 volts. U1:A drives the zero air flow controller input,
U1:B drives the gas flow controller input.
5-4
FLOW SYSTEM
The Model 146C Dynamic Gas Calibrator can produce up to four different flow streams,
using three hardware modules. The basic unit contains only the dilution module. There
are two optional modules, either or both of which can be added to the basic instrument.
These optional modules are: (1) the ozonator generating module, which can produce an
ozone flow or, with the addition of an NO cylinder, gas phase titration (GPT), and (2) the
permeation tube oven module. The flow for each module is governed by mass flow
controllers and solenoids. Each system will be discussed independently. While many of
the components are shared, they may only be necessary for one or two functions. These
components will only be discussed when the system that requires them is being used.
Precision Gas Dilution
Gas dilution is achieved by utilization of two accurate mass flow controllers. One
governs high flow (typically 10 lpm fullscale) to control the diluting zero air, the other
governs low flow (typically 100 sccm) for controlling the gas to be diluted. To achieve
complete mixing of the two components, a Teflon mixing chamber is used. Since the
mass flow controllers used do not have a positive shutoff, a solenoid (called the zero air
solenoid in flow schematic) is used to shut off zero air when the system is in standby.
This reduces the use of zero air. Since it is often desired to dilute more than one type of
gas, the Model 146C has the ability to use three different independent gas inlets; which
one is being used is determined by opening gas solenoids A, B or C, as determined by the
mode being commanded.
Ozone Generation
The Model 146C produces ozone by exposing air to light at 185 nm. The ozone level can
be changed by changing the flow through the ozone generator, or by changing the light
intensity. In the Model 146C, the selected light intensity level is held constant by
temperature controlling the lamp, and by using a highly stable lamp power supply. The
flow is held constant by the mass flow controller.
5-5
Gas Phase Titration
Gas phase titration in the Model 146C is accomplished by combining the outputs of the
precision gas dilution system with that of the ozone generating source. The gas dilution
system is used to produce an accurately known concentration of NO from a known
concentration gas cylinder. By mixing the NO concentration with ozone and measuring
the loss of NO, the amount of NO2 formed is determined (i.e., it is equal to the NO loss).
The only caution that must be used in performing the gas phase titration is to ensure the
NO-O3 reaction has been completed. Empirically, certain dynamic parameter constraints
have been derived to ensure completion of the reaction. These conditions dictate that the
residence time in the reaction chamber, the gas flow rate and reaction chamber volumes
meet the following conditions:
Condition 1: PR = [NO] RC × t R ≥ 2.75 ppm - min
FNO
Condition 2: [NO] RC = [NO] STD ×
FO + FNO
VRC
Condition 3: tR = ≤ 2min
FO + FNO
where:
PR = the dynamic specification, determined empirically, to ensure

complete reaction of the available O3, ppm-min
[NO]RC = the NO concentration in the reaction chamber, ppm
tR = the residence time in the reaction chamber, min
[NO]STD = the concentration of the NO gas cylinder, ppm
FNO = the NO flow rate, sccm
FO = the O3 generator air flow rate, sccm
VRC = the volume of the reaction chamber
5-6
The flows through the Model 146C satisfy these requirements. The reaction chamber
volume is 150 cc. By use of the backpressure regulator (set to approximately 3 psi) and
the capillary, the flow through the ozonator is approximately 150 sccm. All excess flow
of zero air bypasses the ozone generator (see flow schematic, Figure 1-2). Thus, for any
reasonable NO flow (12.5-100 sccm) and [NO]STD (40-60 ppm), the dynamic parameter
conditions are met.
Since the reaction chamber is only needed during gas phase titration, and since the flush
time (i.e., residence time) is approximately less than one minute, and since three flush
times are necessary for a response of 95 percent, the reaction chamber is only in the
system during gas phase titration.
Permeation Tube Oven
Since the temperature of the permeation tube oven should be stable, the gas flow through
the oven is small (approximately 150 sccm). The major portion of the flow bypasses the
oven, and is directed to the mixing chamber with the stream from the oven. This is
achieved by using the same backpressure regulator described above for gas phase
titration, with a capillary of identical size.
During standby operation, a continuous flow of gas is necessary through the oven. The
standby flow and operating flow should be the same to +10 percent. This is achieved by
setting the pressure regulator to the same pressure setting as the backpressure regulator.
In practice, rather than measuring the pressure, it is the actual flows that are measured
while adjusting the pressure regulator. Two solenoids, under control of the
microcomputer, are used to change the flow of gas going through the oven to the main-
stream or to vent.
5-7
CHAPTER 6
TROUBLESHOOTING
This chapter provides a troubleshooting guide for locating and correcting problems that
can affect the normal operation of the Model 146C. This guide describes malfunctions,
possible causes, and corrective actions. For additional assistance, contact Thermo
Environmental Instruments’ Customer Service department at 508-520-0430, 508-520-
1460 (FAX), or web site: http://www.thermoei.com/. In any correspondence with the
factory, please note both the serial number and program number of the instrument.
In servicing the Model 146C, as in servicing any electronic equipment, the first thing to
check is the dc power supply. The troubleshooting guide of this section assumes that the
±15VDC, +5VDC, and 24VDC power supplies have been checked.
! WARNING: This instrument contains 120 volts AC (or 220 volts AC) and
800 volts DC. Normal precautions should be used when working on the inside of the
instrument with the power connected.
6-1
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
MALFUNCTION POSSIBLE CAUSE ACTION
Flow controller unstable Gas, or zero air source not Increase pressure (to greater than 25
adequate, or pressure too psi), and/or flow from gas, and/or zero
low air source
Flow controller malfunction Refer to Flow Controller manual,

Appendix C
Leak Leak check (see Chapter 7)
Solenoid not switching in Instrument in remote mode Put instrument in local mode
local mode
Solenoid malfunction Check solenoid for continuity and

replace as necessary (see Chapter 7)
Solenoid driver malfunction Check power supply at J6 and J7. If

voltage correct, but solenoid does not
switch, replace U3 or U5
Solenoid not switching in Instrument in local mode Put instrument in remote mode
remote mode
I/O, C-Link board failure Replace appropriate board
Bad connectors Replace connector
Calibration as measured Leak Leak check (see Chapter 7)

at output of mass flow
controller does not agree
with calibration as
measured at output of
instrument
6-2
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE (continued)
No ozone output Lamp failure Check for blue light when removing
ozone lamp from ozonator and replace
lamp if light not visible
Ozonator heater failure Check to see that ozonator is warm (»

50 °C). If not warm, replace or repair
heater or heat power supply (see
Chapter 7).
Ozonator power supply Repair or replace ozonator power

failure supply (see Chapter 7)
Low ozone output Leak in ozonator or Check for leaks in ozonator and
distribution manifold manifold system (see Chapter 7) and
repair leak
Flow excessively high Check zero air flow valve and adjust
to less than 8 slm
Power supply failure Voltage on primary of step-up

transformer with ozonator level set to
100% should be greater than 16V. If
not, repair or replace ozonator power
supply (see Chapter 7)
Weak lamp Check to see that there is a bright blue

light when removing the ozone lamp
from ozonator, with ozonator level set
to 100%. If not, replace lamp (see
Chapter 7)
Unstable ozone output Failure of analyzer Repair analyzer

measuring ozone
Leak in system Check for leaks and repair (see

Chapter 7)
Zero air flow unstable Check zero air flow meter
6-3
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE (continued)
Lamp failure Replace with new lamp

(see Chapter 7)
Defective ozonator power Check to see 15 kHz square wave at

supply R4 on lamp power supply. If not
there, repair or replace power supply
(see Chapter 7)
Permeation oven fails to Not enough time has Wait one hour from powering up
warm up elapsed since turning oven instrument
on
Oven heater open Replace oven
Heater voltage not present Follow adjustment procedures

or improperly calibrated outlined in Chapter 4
Control circuit malfunction Replace permeation oven printed

circuit board (see Chapter 7)
Set point not set properly Check correct resistors R1, R3.
For:30°C = 70.7K 35°C = 57.1K 45°C
= 38.3K
Temperature display Flow through permeation Clean capillary, readjust regulator (see
erratic tube oven not constant Chapter 7)
6-4
CHAPTER 7
SERVICING
This chapter explains how to replace the Model 146C subassemblies. Fault location is
accomplished in the preceding chapter, “Troubleshooting.” This chapter assumes that a
subassembly has been identified as defective and needs to be replaced. For additional
service assistance, see “Servicing Locations” later in this chapter.
REPLACEMENT PARTS LISTS
Table 7-1 lists the part numbers of the major subassemblies in the Model 146C. Refer to
Figure 7-1to identify their location.
Part Number Description

9837 Processor Board
10761 Analog to Digital Board
9839 Digital to Analog Board
9956 I/O Board
9843 C-Link Board
14293 Motherboard
14291 Power Supply Board
10760 Ozonator Board
7217 Transformer
8953 Permeation Oven Temperature Control Board
10763 Lamp Heater
4121 Capillary – 10 mil long
4509 Fuse, 2-Amp Slo-Blo
8095 Mass Flow Controller, 50 ccm
8092 Mass Flow Controller, 5.0 lpm
Table 7-1. Replacement Parts
7-1
Chapter 7 Servicing
7-2
Figure 7-1. Model 146C Component Layout 49P739

Chapter 7 Servicing
LEAK CHECKING
Teflon caps - 1/4" and 1/8" are required to perform this the following procedure:
! CAUTION: Failure to reduce pressure to below 8 psi before output is capped can
cause damage to the model 146C.
1. Reduce pressure of zero air supply and gas cylinders to below 8 psi.
2. Cap both output fittings of the manifold (labeled VENT and OUTPUT).
3. Make sure Model 146C is in local mode and place in zero air flow mode. Set
zero air flow from 30% to 50% of fullscale.
4. Zero air flow should gradually decrease to zero (reading less than 2% of full
scale) if no leak is present.
5. Disconnect power and remove cover. Unplug zero air solenoid from cable that
goes to power supply board. Reconnect power.
6. Set flow mode to Gas A, B or C dilution. Make sure a source of gas is

connected to that input (zero air can be used). Set pressure to less than 8 psi.
Set gas flow for 80-90% full scale.
7. The gas flow should gradually decrease to zero (reading less than 2% of full
scale) if no leak is present. Since the sum of the volumes of the mixing and
reaction chamber is about 1/3 liter, it will typically take several minutes for the
flow to go to zero in a leak-free system.
8. If no leak is found, remove caps on manifold. Reconnect zero air solenoid and
readjust pressure of the gas cylinder and zero air gas.
9. If the system is found to have a leak, the location can most easily be found by
following a systematic approach. For the Model 146C, a systematic approach
starting at the mass flow controllers and capping off more and more of the
system works best. It is also helpful to leak check the reaction and mixing
chambers independently. This is most readily accomplished by connecting
these chambers directly to the low flow mass flow controller and capping the
outlet of the chamber.
7-3
Chapter 7 Servicing
PRESSURE REGULATOR ADJUSTMENT
A Flowmeter (must measure 150 sccm) is required to perform the following procedure:
1. Disconnect power and remove cover. Unplug Perm 2 solenoid from power
supply board and reconnect power.
2. Connect flowmeter to exhaust port on rear panel.
3. Place 146C in zero air mode. Make sure Model 146C is in local, and that zero
air is connected.
4. Adjust pressure regulator for a reading on flowmeter of 125-150 sccm.
5. Place 146C in permeation oven mode.
6. Adjust backpressure regulator for same pressure measured in 4 above.
7. Remove flowmeter and reconnect solenoid.
SOLENOID REPLACEMENT
There are four (4) different types of solenoid used on the Model 146C. The following
instructions cover all cases.
Equipment required:
• Solenoid (For Part No. see 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 below)

• Open-end wrench - 5/8", 9/16"
• Nut driver - 1/4"
1. Disconnect power and remove cover.
2. Unplug defective solenoid from cable connecting to power supply board.
3. Disconnect all Teflon lines from defective solenoid.
7-4
Chapter 7 Servicing
4. Gas A, B, or C solenoid on rear panel (Part No. 8130).
a) Loosen and remove nut holding defective solenoid onto rear panel.
Remove solenoid.
b) Remove fittings from solenoid.
c) Install fittings into new solenoid in same manner as they were removed.
d) Install new solenoid in reverse manner.
5. Zero air solenoid. (Part No. 8130)
a) Loosen all fittings holding solenoid.
b) Remove four screws holding mass flow controller bracket onto floor
plate and disconnect plumbing between solenoid and mass flow
controller.
c) Move mass flow controller bracket forward to loosen solenoid.
d) Remove solenoid.
e) Install new solenoid in reverse order.
6. Ozone solenoid. (Part No. 8130)
a) Loosen and remove bracket holding ozone solenoid onto divider panel.
b) Remove ozonator assembly.
c) Remove ozonator solenoid from ozonator assembly.
d) Install new solenoid in reverse order.
7. Bypass solenoid. (Part No. 8119)
a) Unclip solenoid from divider panel.
b) Install new solenoid in reverse order.
7-5
Chapter 7 Servicing
8. Perm 1 solenoid. (Part No. 7368)
a) Remove pressure regulator from divider panel by removing knurled

plastic nut holding pressure regulator onto divider panel. Remove
pressure regulator solenoid assembly.
b) Remove solenoid from pressure regulator.
c) Install new solenoid in reverse order.
9. Perm 2 solenoid. (Part No. 8131)
a) Remove solenoid by loosening two (2) screws holding solenoid onto

divider panel.
b) Install new solenoid in reverse order.
10. After replacement of any solenoid, leak check as described above.
7-6
Chapter 7 Servicing
DC POWER SUPPLY BOARD REPLACEMENT
Equipment required:

• Screw driver
• DC power supply (Part No. 14291)
1. Wear an antistatic strap (see “Safety Precautions”), earlier in this chapter for
more information.
2. Turn instrument off, unplug the power cord, and remove the instrument cover.
3. Disconnect all plug-in connections from power supply board being replaced.
4. Remove screws holding board to chassis and remove board.
5. Install new board by following the above directions in reverse.
6. Re-install the instrument cover.
7-7
Chapter 7 Servicing
OZONATOR LAMP REPLACEMENT
Equipment required:
• Replacement lamp (Part No. 8645)

• Allen wrench - 7/64"
1. Wear an antistatic strap, see “Safety Precautions,” earlier in this chapter for
more information.
3. Unplug lamp from ozonator power supply board.
4. Slide insulation off the lamp handle onto the lamp cord.
5. Loosen both Allen screws holding down lamp clamp.
6. Carefully slide lamp out of ozonator housing.
7. Slide insulation off of old lamp and slide onto new lamp.
8. Carefully slide new lamp onto ozonator housing until it bottoms. Pull lamp out
approximately 1/16" to allow for expansion when the lamp warms up.
9. Position lamp so that the power input wires are oriented horizontally.
10. Check ozone production, which should be in excess of 2150 ppb. If ozone
output is less than 2150 ppb, rotate lamp until specification is met.
11. Tighten Allen screws holding down lamp clamp.
12. Plug lamp into ozonator power supply, replace cover, reconnect power.
7-8
Chapter 7 Servicing
OZONATOR HEATER REPLACEMENT
Equipment required:
• New heater (Part No. 8593)

• Allen wrench - 7/64"
• Screw driver
• Heat conductive compound
more information.
3. Unplug heater from ozonator power supply.
4. Remove top flange of ozonator housing.
5. Remove ozonator heater block from ozonator by removing four Allen screws.
6. Coat new heater block with a thin film of heat conductive compound.
7. Install new ozonator heater block by following the above procedure in reverse.
7-9
Chapter 7 Servicing
OZONATOR POWER SUPPLY REPLACEMENT
Equipment required:
• New ozonator power supply (Part No. 8515)

• Screw driver
more information.
3. Unplug lamp, heater, cable to main power supply, and cable to motherboard of
the microcomputer.
4. Remove six screws holding ozonator power supply board to bracket and remove
the board.
5. Check that transformer is wired for proper voltage.
6. Install new ozonator power supply by following the above procedure in reverse.
TEMPERATURE CONTROL PERMEATION OVEN PCB REPLACEMENT
Equipment required:

• Replacement PCB (Part No. 8953)
2. Disconnect all plug-in connections from permeation oven.
3. Remove four screws holding permeation oven PCB to oven assembly.
4. Install new permeation oven PCB assembly by following the above procedure
in reverse.
7-10
Chapter 7 Servicing
MASS FLOW CONTROLLER REPLACEMENT
Equipment required:
• Nut driver - 1/4", 5/16"

• New mass flow controller (Part No. 8129) for 10 slm (Part No. 8128 for 100
sccm)
2. Loosen all four fittings to mass flow controllers.
3. Remove four screws holding flow controller bracket to floor plate.
4. Remove flow controller assembly.
5. Remove defective flow controller from bracket by removing the two (2) screws
holding flow controller to bracket.
6. Install new flow controller by following the above directions in reverse.
7. Leak check system and recalibrate.
PERMEATION OVEN REPLACEMENT
Equipment required:
• Nut driver - 1/4", 7/16"

• New oven (Part No. 14020)
2. Disconnect all connectors from permeation oven PCB.
3. Disconnect two gas fittings. One on top of oven, the other going out of oven
chamber.
4. Remove four (4) screws holding oven to floor plate. Remove oven.
5. Remove oven glass chamber from oven and install in new oven.
6. Install the new oven using the above directions in reverse.
7. Leak check system.
7-11
Chapter 7 Servicing
SERVICE LOCATIONS
For additional assistance, Thermo Environmental Instruments provides customer service

from the following locations:
Thermo Environmental Instruments Inc.

8 West Forge Parkway
Franklin, Massachusetts 02038
Telephone: (508) 520-0430
Facsimile: (508) 520-1460

900 Watercrest Way, Suite 910
Cheswick, Pennsylvania 15024
Telephone: (724) 275-9815
Facsimile: (724) 275-9818

325 E. Arrow Hwy. #506
San Dimas, California 91773
Telephone: (909) 394-2373
Facsimile: (909) 394-2367

9305 West Sam Houston Parkway South
Houston, Texas 77099-5298
Telephone: (713) 771-8067
Facsimile: (713) 771-3563
Thermo Environmental Instruments has service available from exclusive distributors

worldwide. Contact one of the above service centers or a local distributor for product
support and technical information.
7-12
APPENDIX A
WARRANTY
Subject to the exceptions stated below, Thermo Environmental Instruments Inc. agrees to
correct either by repair or at our option, by replacement, any defects in materials or
workmanship which develop within one year from the date of delivery not to exceed
eighteen (18) months from date of shipment, parts and labor supplied free of charge.
The exceptions mentioned above are: (1) All defective items must be returned to Thermo
Environmental Instruments Inc., transportation charges prepaid, and will be shipped
prepaid and charged to the customer unless the item is found to be defective and covered
by the warranty in which case Thermo Environmental Instruments Inc will pay all surface
transportation charges; (2) Thermo Environmental Instruments Inc. agrees to extend to
the customer whatever warranty is given to Thermo Environmental Instruments Inc. by
suppliers of component items purchased by Thermo Environmental Instruments Inc. and
incorporated into products sold to the customer; (3) Thermo Environmental Instruments
Inc. shall be released from all obligations under this warranty in the event repairs or
modification are made by persons other than its own authorized service personnel, or
service personnel from an authorized representative, unless such repair is minor, merely
the installation of a new plug-in component; (4) if any model or sample was shown to
Purchaser, such model or sample was shown merely to illustrate the article and not to
represent that any article delivered hereunder would conform to the model or sample, and
(5) Spare parts are warranted for ninety (90) days.
THE FOREGOING WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER

WARRANTIES, WHETHER WRITTEN, ORAL, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY.
SELLER DOES NOT WARRANT MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY
PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR MAKE ANY OTHER WARRANTY OR
AGREEMENT EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WITH RESPECT TO ANY ARTICLES
COVERED HEREUNDER. THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES THAT EXTEND
BEYOND THOSE EXPRESSLY STATED IN THIS CONTRACT.
A-1
APPENDIX B
RS-232/485 COMMANDS
The RS-232/485 interface enables the analyzer to be remotely controlled by a host remote
device such as, a PC, PLC, datalogger, etc.
CONNECTIONS
On the rear panel of the analyzer there are two male DB9 connectors. Both connectors
are identical, so either can be connected to the remote device. The remaining connector
can be used to connect a second analyzer. Using a daisy-chain configuration, several
analyzers can be connected to one remote device.
A null modem (crossed) cable is required when connecting the analyzer to an IBM
Compatible PC. However, a straight cable (one to one) may be required when connecting
the analyzer to other host remote devices. As a general rule, when the connector of the
host remote device is female, a straight cable is required and when the connector is male,
a null modem cable is required.
DATA FORMAT
9600 baud
8 data bits
1 stop bit
no parity
All responses are terminated with a carriage return (hex 0D)
INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
When using software other than TEI for Windows to control the Model 146C, it is
necessary to send an instrument identification byte with each command (the instrument
identification byte equals the Instrument ID plus 128). Because several C Series
instruments can be connected to a single host RS-232 device, this identification byte
directs the command to a specific C Series instrument. The Model 146C ignores any
command that does not begin with its instrument identification byte. The Instrument ID
can be changed in Instrument Controls Menu using the Instrument ID screen.
B-1
Appendix B RS-232/485 Commands
The instrument identification number must be sent as an ASCII character. Do not type in
the decimal equivalent (e.g. 180) or the alphanumeric hex equivalent (e.g. B4) of the
ASCII character. The following is an example of the instrument identification numbers
of several C Series instruments. Note that the ASCII representations will vary depending
upon the program that is used (the following ASCII characters were produced with the
Microsoft Unicode Character Map using Terminal font and Windows Characters as the
subset).
Hex Decimal ASCII

Model Equivalent Equivalent Character
42C AA 170 ¬
43C AB 171 ½
146C B4 180 ┤
COMMANDS
The analyzer must be in the remote mode in order to change instrument parameters using
remote. Report commands can be issued either in the remote or local mode and can be
sent in either uppercase or lowercase characters. In the examples below, only the
characters between the quotation marks (" ") are sent and received. If an incorrect
command is sent, a "bad cmd" message will be received. The example below sends the
incorrect command "set local mode" instead of the correct "set mode local".
Send: "set local mode"

Receive: "set local mode bad cmd"
Because the 146C has a different RS-232 format than the other Thermo Environmental
C-series instruments, a list of errors and a warning for an unknown instrument appears
when the instrument is polled using TEI for Windows. Before sending commands in the
remote mode, follow these steps.
1. In the Unidentification window, click the maximize button in the lower left
corner.
2. On the TEI screen, click the TERM button.
3. At the Unidentified prompt, type set format 0 and press Return. This sends
the set format 0 command to the program and the program returns OK, OK.
sel gas off
This command selects gas off.
Send: "sel gas off"

Receive: "sel gas off ok"
B-2
sel gas a span d (d=1-5)
This command selects gas a at span levels 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. Substituting “gas a” with

“gas b, c, d, e, or f” will select the entered gas with the entered span level.
Send: "sel gas a span 1"

Receive: "sel gas a span 1 ok"
sel gas a man
This command selects gas “a” at the level preset for manual. Substituting “gas a” with
“gas b, c, d, e, or f” will select the entered gas with the corresponding manual preset
levels.
Send: "sel gas a man"

Receive: "sel gas a man ok "
sel ozon perm off
This command turns off the ozonator or permeation oven if these options are present.
Send: "sel ozon perm off"

Receive: "sel ozon perm off ok"
sel ozon man
This command selects the preset manual ozone level.
Send: "sel ozon man"

Receive: "sel ozon man ok"
set ozon d (d=1-5)
These commands select ozone levels 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.
Send: "set ozon 1"

Receive: "set ozon 1 ok"
B-3
sel perm d (d=1-5)
This command selects preset permeation oven levels.
Send: "sel perm 1"

Receive: "sel perm 1 ok"
man gas a zflow ddddd
This command sets the zero air flow for gas “a” in sccm for the manual level. The
italicized d is representative of a numerical digit. Substituting “a” with “b, c, d, e, or f”
sets the zero air flow for the entered gas for its manual level.
Send: "man gas a zflow 01000"

Receive: "man gas a zflow 01000 ok"
man gas a gflow ddd.dd
This command sets the gas flow for gas “a” in sccm for the manual level. The italicized
d is representative of a numerical digit. Substituting “a” with “b, c, d, e, or f” sets the gas
flow for the entered gas for its manual level.
Send: "man gas a gflow 020.00"

Receive: "man gas a gflow 020.00 ok"
man ozon zflow ddddd
This command sets the ozone zero air flow for the ozone manual level. The italicized d is
representative of a numerical digit.
Send: "man ozon zflow 01000"

Receive: "man ozon zflow 01000 ok"
man ozon level dddd
This command sets the ozone level for the manual level. The italicized d is
representative of a numerical digit.
Send: "man ozon level 0200"

Receive: "man ozon level 0200 ok"
B-4
set time hh:mm

set time hh:mm:ss
These commands set the military time of the 146C. The italicized h, m, and s represent
hour, minute, and second. The following example sets the time for 10:30 and 35 seconds
at night.
Send: "set time 22:30:35"

Receive: "set time 22:30:35 ok"
set date mon dd yyyy

set date mon-dd-yyyy
set date mon/dd/yyyy
These commands set the date in the forms shown above. The italicized mon, dd, and yyyy
represent the three letter abbreviation for the month, two digit day of the month, and the
four digit year.
Send: "set date jan 29 2014"

Receive: "set date jan 29 2014 ok"
status
This command returns the gas and span status of the Model 146C.
Send: "status"
Receive: "status remote gas A span 4"
mode (remote or local)
This command returns the current mode of the 146C.
Send: "mode"
Receive: "mode remote"
gas conc
This command returns the current concentration of gas being supplied by the Model
146C.
Send: "gas conc"

Receive: "gas conc actual 100.000 target 1.600 ppm"
B-5
gas a params
This command returns the parameters for gas “a”. Substituting “a” with “b, c, d, e, or f”
returns the parameters for the appropriate gas.
Send: "gas a params"

Receive: "gas a params tank ppm 10.000 span 0 zflow 1800
span 1 zflow 1000 ppm 0.400
span 2 zflow 1000 ppm .800
span 5 zflow 1000 ppm 2.000 manual zflow 0 gflow 0.00"
zflow
This command returns the current zero air flow.
Send: "zflow"
Receive: "zflow actual 0 target 0 sccm"
gflow
This command returns the current gas flow.
Send: "gflow"
Receive: "gflow actual 15.68 target 16.00 sccm"
event status
This command returns the status of programmed events.
Send: "event status"

Receive: "event status 0"
event dd params (dd= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
This command returns the parameters programmed for the specified event.
Send: "event 2 params"

Receive: "event 10 params gas H span 0"
B-6
oz lamp temp
This command reports the temperature of the ozonator lamp.
Send: "oz lamp temp"

Receive: "oz lamp temp 70.0 C"
ozon params
This command returns the ozone parameters.
Send: "ozon params"

Receive: "ozon params 01000 levels 20.0 40.0 6"
perm conc
This command returns the permeation oven concentration.
Send: "perm conc"

Receive: "perm conc 62.500 ppm"
intern temp
This command returns the internal temperature of the Model 146C.
Send: "intern temp"

Receive: "intern temp 25.7 C"
option sw
This command returns the status of the option switch.
Send: "option sw"

Receive: "option sw 01110011"
bat
This command returns the Clink battery voltage.
Send: "bat"
Receive: "bat 3.1 volts"
B-7
sc
This command returns the 146C screen display.
Send: "sc"
Receive: "DIAGNOSTICS:
VOLTAGES
TERMPERATURS
> OPTION SWITCHES"
program no
This command returns the program numbers installed in the Model 146C.
Send: "program no"

Receive: "program 146C 002000P Clink 146C 002000"
time
This command returns the time set in the Model 146C.
Send: "time"
Receive: "time 10:15:38"
date
This command returns the date set in the Model 146C.
Send: "date"
Receive: "date jan-29-2001"
B-8
APPENDIX C
SCHEMATICS
This appendix contains the schematics for the standard and optional printed circuit boards
contained in the Model 146C. Always turn off the instrument and unplug the power cord
before removing any printed circuit board. For more information about appropriate
safety precautions, see Chapter 7, “Servicing.” A description of each board can be found
in Chapter 5, “Theory of Operation.”
PC Board Schematic No. Part No. Page

Motherboard 49P915 14293 C-2
Processor Board 93P907 9837 C-3
Digital/Analog Board 93P908 9839 C-4
Analog/Digital Board 93P950 10761 C-5
Input/Output Board 49P917 14279 C-6
C-Link Board 93P914 9843 C-7
DC Power Supply Board 49P914 14091 C-8
Ozonator Power Supply Board (optional) 45P949 10760 C-9
Perm Oven Controller Board (optional) 57P960 8953 C-10
Rear Connector Interface Board 49P918 49P306 C-11
C-1
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-11

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MODEL 146C

DYNAMIC GAS CALIBRATOR

THERMO ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS INC.

TELEPHONE: (508) 520-0430

“This manual is a work protected under Copyright law. Copying or other

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Name: _____________________________________ Street: ____________________________________

Thermo Environmental Instruments, Inc.

Attn: Technical Publications

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION AND HARDWARE CONFIGURATIONS

Gas Phase Titration (GPT) is achieved by combining ozone with a known NO

Accuracy of each Mass Flow Measurement + 2% of reading or 1% of full scale,

Linearity of Mass Flow Measurement 0.5% of full scale

Repeatability of Mass Flow Measurement + 2% of reading or 1% of full scale,

Zero Air 5, 10, 15, 20 slm

Span Gas 25, 50, 100, 200, 500 sccm

Dilution Ratio Depends upon choice of Mass Flow

Warm-Up Time – Oven 1 hour (permeation device can take 24-48

Carrier Gas Flow 150 sccm nominal

Chamber Size Accepts permeation tubes up to 9 cm in total

Ozone Output 6 ppm-liters

Stability and Repeatability: Meets or exceeds U.S. EPA requirements

Input Mode Commands Contact closure to ground, TTL logic levels,

Ozone Levels Available Multiple levels as set through menu

Output Signals Reed relay, RS-232/485, external drivers

External Solenoid Controller Up to (8) 24 VDC external solenoids can be

Physical Dimensions 16.75" W x 8.62" H x 23" D (43cm x 22cm x

Power Requirements 90-110 VAC @ 50/60 Hz

Any alteration, modification, or republication of this instruction manual or any alteration

Use these steps to unpack the Model 146C:

2. Remove four screws from the outside of the instrument cover.

Use the following procedure to setup the instrument:

2. Connect the standard gas cylinders to the ports labeled A, B and C.

c. Remove glass chamber assembly by loosening (not removing) knurled

e. Place permeation tube in chamber.

f. Attach glass chamber to top assembly by gently pushing together with a

h. Tighten knurled screw with finger. Do not use tools to tighten.

Figure 2-2. Removing Cover

Pin 24 25 26 Gas Type

Pin 28 29 30 Span Level

Pin 37 38 39 40 Ozonator or Permeation

Pins 4, 5, and 6 to report the selected gas (1 indicates contact closure):

Pin 4 5 6 Gas Type

Pin 8 9 10 Span Level

Pin 17 18 19 20 Ozonator or Permeation

Analog Output Cover Installation

Cable Gauge Number of

* Maximum shielding. Under harsh environments, maximum shielding may be required.

The following tools are required:

Figure 2-6. Shielded Cable with Shielding Pulled Back

Preparing the Shielded Cable

Use the following procedure to prepare the shielded cable:

1. Remove about 1.8 cm of insulation from the cable.

2. Fold back the shielding.

4. Strip each signal wire a maximum of 0.5 cm from the end.

Connecting the Shielded Cable

3. Tighten down the corresponding setscrew.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for each signal wire.

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