Beruflich Dokumente
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Objective Questions
1 Which of the following bone pairings allows for movement in all planes?
A Sternum and ribcage
B Femur and tibia
C Humerus and scapula
D Atlas and axial
Figure 1
Name the part that forms a joint with the part labelled X and Y.
X Y
A Sacrum Femur
B Tibia Femur
C Femur Sacrum
D Femur Tibia
Figure 2
What is the function of the part labelled P?
A To accommodate the spinal cord
B To provide support and to oppose compression forces
C For the placement of muscles
D To accommodate the artery
5 The human arm bone is connected to the axial bone through
1
A pectoral curve
B pelvic curve
C sternum
D cervix
Figure 3
6 The part labelled M represents
A tendon
B synovial membrane
C cartilage
D ligament
2
II Big and straight hind legs
III Big and strong muscles
IV Body is in aerofoil shaped
A I only
B I and II only
C I and IV only
D I, II and III only
Structured Question
Figure 1 shows the joint between two vertebrae Y.
3
(A) (B)
Figure 1
(b) (i) In which part of the body can the type of joint in (A) be found?
(ii) If the joint at (A) is compared with the knee joint, explain one differentiating
characteristic between the two joints.
(c) Vertebrae connect to form a backbone column. What is the advantage of having a
backbone column compared with having only one bone for the whole vertebrae column?
(d) State two functions of the backbone column other than movement.
(e) Explain the main function of vertebra Q that is found on top of vertebra Y.
(f) State two effects that will be faced by a person that has a backbone column that is not
balanced with the head, and a decreased bone mass that is brittle.
Essay Question
(a) The muscles that move our body are usually paired and act antagonistically. Explain this
statement in connection with the movement of our lower arm.
(b) Explain the characteristics of adaptation that is made by the following animals to
facilitate movement in their habitats.
(i) Bird
(ii) Fish
(c) State the characteristics of a correct posture when we are standing and carrying heavy
things from the floor.
Answers
4
Objective Questions
1 C 6 C
2 D 7 B
3 A 8 C
4 B 9 A
5 A 10 C
Structured Question
(a) (i) Lumbar vertebra
(ii) Acts as a cushion to absorb shocks during movement
(c) Backbone column that has many vertebrae allows the backbone to be flexible
(e) Vertebra Q forms a joint with the rib bone to from the ribcage
Essay Question
(a) The role of muscles in the movement of the lower arm. The movement of the skeleton
occurs as a result the contraction of a pair of opposing muscles. When the biceps
muscle contracts, the triceps muscle relaxes at the same time. The biceps muscle is
fixed to the radius as well as scapula. The triceps muscle is fixed to the ulna as well as
the base of the humerus and scapula. As such, the contraction of the biceps will pull
the radius upwards to bend the arm, and the contraction of the triceps will pull the
ulna downwards to straighten the arm.
(b) (i) • The shape of the body that is aerofoil shaped reduces resistance. The
aerofoil shaped wing increases the lifting force.
• Hollow bones reduce body mass.
• Have singular organs such as a testis and a kidney to reduce body mass.
• Smooth feathers that are arranged in a posterior direction to reduce air friction and
drag.
• Big and strong pectoral muscle for wing movement.
• Have air sacs to increase the gas exchange efficiency.
• High body temperature sets a high metabolic rate.
(ii) • The shape of the body that is aerofoil shaped reduces water resistance.
• Slimy scales to reduce friction.
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• The movement of the tail produces a forward thrusting force.
• The pectoral fins stops movement.
• The dorsal fins prevent the fish from rolling.
• The pelvic fins prevent the fish from plunging.
• Sacs change the position in the water.
(c) Standing
Body should be in a straight line that is from the head to the shoulder joint, hip joint,
knee joint until the heel.
This is to ensure that the vertebral columns are nearly parallel to the vertical axis
The body weight is well supported by the feet and is balanced along the axis