RANGKAIAN MAGNETIK

Ahmad Ah d Deni M l di i Mulyadi

Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Bandung September 2009

History Electricity

To be able to convert Energy, we need a C d Coupling Fi ld li Field

MAGNETIC CIRCUITS
Magnetic Fields Magnetic Circuits g Magnetic Materials Inductance and Mutual Inductance

Magnetic Circuit
1. Understand magnetic fields and their interactions with moving charges. charges 1. Use the right-hand rule to determine the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying wire or coil. 3. 3 Calculate forces on moving charges and current carrying wires due to magnetic fields. 4. Calculate the voltage induced in a coil by a changing magnetic flux or in a conductor cutting through a magnetic field. g g g 5. Use Lenzs law to determine the polarities of induced voltages. 6. Apply magnetic-circuit concepts to determine the magnetic fields in practical devices. 7. Determine the inductance and mutual inductance of coils given their physical parameters. 8. Understand hysteresis, saturation, core loss, and eddy currents in cores composed of magneticmaterials such as i d f ti t i l h iron.

Magnetic Fields

Konsep Induktansi
= B. dS =N I, L= d dI = L I atau

Medan Magnet

Magnetic Fields

Illustrations of the right-hand rule g

Concentric magnetic flux around a current-carrying conductor. t i d t

Illustrations of the right-hand rule right hand

Example of Ampres Law

Find the magnetic field along a circular path around an infinitely long Conductor carrying I ampere of current. B,H r 900 dl

Since both

on the circular path, the angle is zero between them at all points. Also since all the points on the circular path are equidistant from the current carrying conductor is constant at all points the circle on

dl and H

are perpendicular to radius r at any point A

H. dl = H dl = H 2r = I

or

I H= 2r

Magnetic Field Intensity and Ampres Law

B = H

0 = 4 10 Wb Am
7

r = 0

Ampres Law:

H dl = i

Magnetic Field Around a Long Straight Wire

I B = H = 2r

Flux Density in a Toroidal Core

NI B= 2R

Flux Linkages and Faradays Law

= B dA
A

= N

Faradays law of magnetic induction:

d e= dt

Magnetic Fields
Magnetic flux lines form closed paths that are close together where the field is strong and farther apart where the field is weak. weak Flux lines leave the north seeking end of a north-seeking magnet and enter the south-seeking end. When placed in a magnetic field, a compass indicates north in the direction of the flux lines lines.

Magnetic Circuit

Magnetic Circuits
F =NI= Magneto Motive Force or MMF = # of turns * Current passing through it F = NI = Hl (why!) or

B l = NI
or =

or

l = NI A

NI l /(A)
NI

or =

= Reluctance of magnetic path

Magnetic Circuits (1)

w I

d l= mean length

Magnetic Circuits (2)

F =NI= Magneto Motive Force or MMF = # of turns * Current passing through it g F = NI = Hl (why!) or

B l = NI
or

or

l = NI A

NI = l /(A)
NI =

or

= Reluctance of magnetic path

Magnetic Equivalent Circuits

Analogy between Electric circuit and M d Magnetic Circuit ti Ci it

The magnetic circuit for the toriodal coil

Analogy between Electric circuit and Magnetic Circuit

Analogy between Electric circuit and Magnetic Circuit

F =MMF is analogous to Electromotive force (EMF) =E

= Flux is analogous to I = Current

e ucta ce s a a ogous es sta ce = Reluctance is analogous to R = Resistance 1 1 P = Permeance = = Analogous to conductance G = R

Analogy between 'magnetic circuits' and electrical circuits d l i l i i

Analogy between Electric circuit and Magnetic Circuit

Equivalent circuits for the electrical and magnetic circuits

Magnetization Curve

Magnetization Curve

Basic magnetic circuit

Simple Magnetic Circuit (1)

Simple Magnetic Circuit (2)

Magnetic Circuit with Air Gap

Magnetic field fringing

Fringing at the air-gap air gap

Fringing
We approximately account for fringing by g g gap p adding the length of the g p to the depth and width in computing effective gap area.

Stacking
Ratio of iron vs. stack areas Lamination thickness 0.35 ... 0.65 mm <-> stacking factor 0.9 ... 0.95. Amorphous steel
80% iron, 20% boron (Metglass) cheap (less than silicon steel), low losses (1/5th of best silicon steel) hard to punch

Composite Magnetic Circuit with Air-gap Ai

Magnetic Circuit

Flux linkage & generated voltage

Flux linkage & generated voltage