Lte Ag

Introduction to LTE-Advanced
Moray Rumney 15th October 2009
Concepts of 3GPP LTE 9 Oct 2007 Page 1
Copyright 2009 Agilent Technologies, Inc.
Agenda
Wireless evolution LTE and LTE-Advanced at a glance g Key LTE-Advanced documents LTE and LTE-Advanced timelines IMT-Advanced and LTE-Advanced requirements LTE-Advanced solution proposals Summary
Concepts of 3GPP LTE 9 Oct 2007 Page 2 Page 2
Introduction to LTE-Advanced Moray Rumney 15 Oct 2009
The Agilent LTE Book
www.agilent.com/find/ltebook www.wiley.com The first LTE book dedicated to design and measurement 30 Authors 460 pages
Book overview
Chapter 1 LTE Introduction p Chapter 2 Air Interface Concepts Chapter 3 Physical Layer Chapter 4 Upper Layer Signaling p pp y g g Chapter 5 System Architecture Evolution Chapter 6 Design and Verification Challenges Chapter 7 Conformance Test Chapter 8 Looking Towards 4G: LTE-Advanced
3GPP UMTS standards evolution (RAN)

Release Functional Freeze Main feature of Release
UMTS 3 84 Mcps (W CDMA FDD & TDD) 3.84 (W-CDMA 1.28 Mcps TDD (aka TD-SCDMA) HSDPA HSUPA (E-DCH) HSPA+ (64QAM DL, MIMO, 16QAM UL) DL MIMO UL). LTE & SAE Feasibility Study LTE Work item OFDMA air interface SAE Work item, New IP core network Edge Evolution, more HSPA+ UMTS and LTE minor changes, LTE d i h LTEAdvanced feasibility study LTE-Advanced (4G) work item
1999
Rel-99 Rel 99 Rel-4 Rel-5 Rel-6 Rel-7 R l7 Rel-8
March 2000 March 2001 June 2002 March 2005 Dec D 2007 Dec 2008
Rel-9 R l9
Dec D 2009 Dec 2010?
2010
Rel-10
Wireless evolution 1990 - 2010

Increasing efficiency, ba andwidth and da rates ata
2G
IS-95A cdma GSM IS-136 TDMA PDC 802.11b
802.11a
2.5G
IS-95B cdma
HSCSD
GPRS
iMode
802.11g
802.11h
3G
IS-95C cdma2000
E-GPRS EDGE
W-CDMA FDD
W-CDMA TDD
TD-SCDMA LCR-TDD 802.11n 802.16d Fixed WiMAXTM WiBRO
3.5G
1xEV-DO Release 0
1xEV-DO Release A
1xEV-DO Release B
HSDPA FDD & TDD
HSUPA FDD & TDD
3.9G
UMB
LTE Rel-8
EDGE Evolution
HSPA+
802.16e Mobile WiMAXTM
4G
Rel-10LTEAdvanced
802.16m
LTE at a glance!
Nov 2004 LTE/SAE High level requirements
Reduced cost per bit p More lower cost services with better user experience Flexible use of new and existing frequency bands Simplified lower cost network with open interfaces Reduced terminal complexity and reasonable power consumption
Spectral Efficiency 3-4x Rel-6 HSDPA (downlink) 2-3x HSUPA (uplink)
MHz 1.4 3 5
Latency Idle active < 100 ms
10 15 20
Small packets < 5 ms
SPEED!
Downlink peak d t rates D li k k data t (64QAM) Antenna config Peak data rate Mbps SISO 100 2x2 MIMO 172.8 4x4 MIMO 326.4
Mobility
DL SUMIMO MUMIMO
Uplink peak data rates (Single antenna) Modulation QPSK Peak data rate Mbps 50 16 QAM 57.6 64 QAM 86.4
Multiple Input Multiple Output
Optimized: 015 km/h High performance: 15 120 15-120 km/h Functional: 120350 km/h Under consideration: 350500 km/h
LTE-Advanced at a glance!
MHz 1.4 MHz 314 1.4 MHz 5 3 1.4 MHz 10 5 3 1.4 MHz 15 10 5 3 1.4 20 15 10 5 3 20 15 10 5 20 15 10 20 15 20 Support of up to 5x Bandwidth SC-FDMA with clustering! l t i !
DL MIMO DL MIMO DL Multiple Input Multiple Output MIMO DL Multiple Input Multiple Output MIMO
Multiple Input Multiple Output Multiple Input Multiple Output Higher order DL MIMO Up to 8x8
UL MIMO UL MIMO
Multiple Input Multiple Output Multiple Input Multiple Output Higher order UL MIMO Up to 4x4
Relaying
Coordinated Multipoint Transmission/Reception

Key LTE-Advanced Documents (2009-09) - and where to find them

Study Item RP-080599
ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/tsg_ran/TSG_RAN/TSGR_41/Docs/RP-080599.zip
Requirements TR 36.913 v8.0.1 (2009-03)

ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs/html-info/36913.htm
Study Phase Technical Report TR 36.912 v2.2.0

ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs/html-info/36912.htm
Latest Status report RP-090729

ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/tsg_ran/TSG_RAN/TSGR_45/Documents/RP-090729.zip
Physical Layer Aspects TR 36.814 v1.3.0

ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/tsg_ran/WG1_RL1/TSGR1_58/Docs/R1-093680.zip and ftp://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs/html-info/36814.htm
LTE timeline
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Rel-7 Feasibility study Rel-8 Specification development Rel-8 Test development GCF Test validation LSTI Proof of Concept LSTI IODT LSTI IOT LSTI Friendly Customer Trials First GCF UE certification
First Trial Networks
First Commercial Networks
Further Commercial Networks
LSTI = LTE/SAE Trial Initiative GCF = Global Certification Forum

10
LTE-Advanced timeline
ITU-R Submission Sept 2009
TR36.912 v 2.2.0 R1-093731, Characteristic template R1-093682, Compliance template R1-093741, Link Budget template
11
ITU the source of the G in wireless

International Telecommunications Union ITU-Radio Working Party 8F (now 5D) International Mobile Telephony
IMT-2000 3G
IMT-Advanced 4G
All IMT technologies have access to designated IMT spectrum

12
IMT-2000 3G requirements
Major focus on data transmission
2048 kbps for stationary user 384 kbps for low mobility 144 kbps for high mobility kb f hi h bilit
No requirements on spectral efficiency Specs were per user, not per any channel size
Led to 3x cdma2000 to meet the peak data rate requirement p q
13
IMT-Advanced 4G requirements*
A high degree of commonality of functionality worldwide while retaining the flexibility to support a wide range of services and applications in a cost efficient manner Compatibility of services within IMT and with fixed networks Capability of interworking with other radio access systems High quality mobile services User equipment suitable for worldwide use User-friendly applications, services and equipment Worldwide roaming capability Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and applications (100 Mbit/s for high and 1 Gbit/s for low mobility were established as targets for research) .
* ITU-R M.[IMT-TECH] Requirements related to technical performance for IMT-Advanced radio interface(s), August 2008
14
LTE-Advanced Requirements & proposals

LTE-A requirements are documented in TR 36.913, V9.0.0 (2009-03) (Requirements for Further Advancements of E UTRA (LTE-Advanced) E-UTRA (LTE Advanced) 3GPP stated intention is to meet or exceed IMT-Advanced requirements LTE-A must support IMT-A requirements with same or better performance than LTE LTE-A solution proposals can be found in TR 36.814 Further Advancements for E-UTRA Physical L Ad t f E UTRA Ph i l Layer A Aspects t Specific targets exist for average and cell-edge spectral efficiency (see next slide) Similar requirements as LTE for synchronization, latency, coverage, mobility LTE-A candidate submitted to ITU S September 2009
15
LTE-Advanced spectral efficiency requirements

Item Peak Spectral Efficiency (b/s/Hz) Downlink cell spectral efficiency b/s/Hz 3km/h 500m ISD Downlink cell-edge user spectral efficiency b/s/Hz 5 percentile 10 users 500M ISD Subcategory Downlink Uplink 2x2 MIMO 4x2 MIMO 4x4 MIMO 2x2 MIMO 4x2 MIMO 4x4 MIMO LTE (3.9G) target 16.3 (4x4 MIMO) 4.32 (64QAM SISO) 1.69 1.87 1 87 2.67 0.05 0.06 0.08 LTE-Advanced (4G) target 30 (up to 8x8 MIMO) 15 (up to 4x4 MIMO) 2.4 2.6 26 3.7 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.075 2.6 26 IMT-Advanced (4G) target 15 (4x4 MIMO) 6.75 (2x4 MIMO)
ISD is Inter Site Distance

2x to 4x efficiency of Rel-6 HSPA

16
LTE-Advanced solution proposals

Bandwidth aggregation Enhanced uplink multiple access
Clustered SC-FDMA Simultaneous Control and Data
Higher order MIMO

Do nlink 8 8 Downlink 8x8 Uplink 4x4
Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) Relaying

Heterogeneous network support
17
Bandwidth Aggregation
Lack of sufficient contiguous spectrum up to 100 MHz forces use of bandwidth aggregation to meet peak d f b d id h i k data rate targets Able to be implemented with a mix of terminals Backward compatibility with legacy system (LTE) System scheduler operating across multiple bands C Component carriers (CC) - M 110 RB (TBD) t i Max May be able to mix different CC types Contiguous and non-contiguous CC allowed
PUCCH
PUSCH
Contiguous aggregation of two uplink component carriers
18
IMT Frequency bands

36.912 v9.0.0 Table 11.2.2-1 Operating bans for LTE-Advanced (E-UTRA operating bands) Operating Band 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15* 16* 17 18 19 20 21 22 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Uplink (UL) operating band BS receive/UE transmit FUL_low FUL_high 1920 MHz 1980 MHz 1850 MHz 1910 MHz 1710 MHz 1785 MHz 1710 MHz 1755 MHz 824 MHz 849 MHz 830 MHz 840 MHz2500 MHz 2570 MHz 880 MHz 915 MHz 1749.9 MHz 1784.9 MHz 1710 MHz 1770 MHz 1427.9 MHz 1447.9 MHz 698 MHz 716 MHz 777 MHz 787 MHz 788 MHz 798 MHz 1900 MHz 1920 MHz 2010 MHz 2025 MHz 704 MHz 716 MHz 815 MHz 830 MHz 830 MHz 845 MHz 832 MHz 862 MHz 1447.9 MHz 1462.9 MHz 3410 MHz 3500 MHz 1900 MHz 1920 MHz 2010 MHz 2025 MHz 1850 MHz 1910 MHz 1930 MHz 1990 MHz 1910 MHz 1930 MHz 2570 MHz 2620 MHz 1880 MHz 1920 MHz 2300 MHz 2400 MHz 3400 MHz 3600 MHz Downlink (DL) operating band BS transmit /UE receive FDL_low FDL_high 2110 MHz 2170 MHz 1930 MHz 1990 MHz 1805 MHz 1880 MHz 2110 MHz 2155 MHz 869 MHz 894MHz 865 MHz 875 MHz2620 MHz 2690 MHz 925 MHz 960 MHz 1844.9 MHz 1879.9 MHz 2110 MHz 2170 MHz 1475.9 MHz 1495.9 MHz 728 MHz 746 MHz 746 MHz 756 MHz 758 MHz 768 MHz 2600 MHz 2620 MHz 2585 MHz 2600 MHz 734 MHz 746 MHz 860 MHz 875 MHz 875 MHz 890 MHz 791 MHz 821 MHz 1495.9 MHz 1510.9 MHz 3510 MHz 3600 MHz 1900 MHz 1920 MHz 2010 MHz 2025 MHz 1850 MHz 1910 MHz 1930 MHz 1990 MHz 1910 MHz 1930 MHz 2570 MHz 2620 MHz 1880 MHz 1920 MHz 2300 MHz 2400 MHz 3400 MHz 3600 MHz Duplex Mode FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD FDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD
Possible new bands (a) 3.4-3.8 GHz band (b) 3.4-3.6GHz as well as 3.6-4.2GHz (c) 3 4-3 6 GHz band 3.4 3.6 (d) 450470 MHz band, (e) 698862 MHz band (f) 790862 MHz ban (g) 2.32.4 GHz band (h) 4.4-4.99 GHz band
* Defined by ETSI for Europe only
19
Bandwidth Aggregation
12 scenarios being studied four examples shown: IMT-Advanced requires at least 40 MHz, 100 MHz is a want
Scenario No. 1 Deployment Scenario Single-band contiguous spec. alloc. @ 3.5GHz band for FDD Single-band contiguous spec. alloc. @ Band 40 for TDD Multi-band noncontiguous spec. alloc. @ Band 1, 3 and 7 for FDD Multi-band noncontiguous spec. alloc. @ Band 39, 34, and 40 for TDD Transmission BWs No of LTE-A component of LTE-A carriers carriers UL: 40 MHz DL: 80 MHz 100 MHz UL: Contiguous 2x20 MHz CCs DL: Contiguous 4x20 MHz CCs Contiguous 5x20 MHz CCs UL/DL: Non-contiguous 10 MHz CC@Band 1 + 10 MHz CC@Band 3 + 20 MHz CC@Band 7 Bands for LTE-A carriers 3.5 GHz band Band 40 (2.3 GHz) Band 3 (1.8 GHz) Band 1 (2.1 GHz) Band 7 (2.6 GHz) Band 39 (1.8GHz) Band 34 (2.1GHz) Band 40 (2.3GHz) Duplex modes FDD
TDD
UL: 40 MHz DL: 40 MHz
FDD
10
90 MHz
Non-contiguous 2x20 + 10 + 2x20 MHz CCs
TDD
20
Enhanced Uplink Multiple Access Clustered SC-FDMA (DFT-SOFDM)

PUCCH
SC-FDMA with clustering!

Partially allocated SC-FDMA
PUSCH
Partially allocated SC-FDMA
Fully allocated SC-FDMA
Partially allocated clustered SC-FDMA Clustered SC-FDMA enables uplink frequency selective scheduling within a component carrier for better link performance
21
Block Diagram for clustered DFT-S-OFDM
One transport block and one hybrid-ARQ entity per scheduled component carrier. hybrid ARQ Each transport block is mapped to a single component carrier only. A UE may be scheduled over multiple component carriers simultaneously.
Source: R1-083820
22
Higher Order MIMO Transmission

Up to 8x8 Downlink (from 4x2 for Rel-8)
Baseline being 4x4 with 4 UE Receive Antennae Peak data rate reached with 8x8 SU-MIMO
Rel-8 LTE
Max 4 layers
Up to 4x4 Uplink (from 1x2 for Rel-8)

Baseline being 2x2 with 2 UE Transmit Antennae Peak data rate reached with 4x4 SU-MIMO
Max 1 layer
Use of beamforming with spatial multiplexing to increase data rate, coverage and capacity Challenges of higher order MIMO
Need for tower-mounted radio heads p p Increased power consumption Increased product costs Physical space for the antennae at both eNB and UE
LTE-Advanced
Max 8 layers
Max 4 layers
23
Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP)

Traditional MIMO co-located transmission eNB 1 Coordinated Multipoint
eNB
UE
eNB 2
UE
Downlink Coordinated scheduling / beamforming

Payload Data is required only at the serving cell
Coherent combining (also known as cooperative MIMO) / fast switching

Payload data is required at all transmitting eNB y q g Requires high speed symbol-level backhaul between eNB
Uplink
Simultaneous reception requires coordinated scheduling
24
CoMP simulation*
10 UEs per cell CoMP initiated for C/I = 3 dB, 2 cells only 6 ray typical urban fading model Random motion 500 meter Inter Site Distance, 3 cells per eNB 10 MHz system bandwidth Scheduling Algorithm is Proportional Fair
* Source NTT DoCoMo R1-091484

25
CoMP Cell-edge users and cell throughput with full data buffers
Cell-edge user throughput Single Cell 0.672 Mbps Transmission Ref CoMP with 8 REs CoMP with 12 REs CoMP with 16 REs 0.778 Mbps +15.8% 0.769 0 769 Mbps +14.4% 0.753 Mbps +12.1% Cell Throughput 20.21 Mbps Ref 20.20 Mbps 0% 19.98 19 98 Mbps -1.1% 19.29 Mbps -4.5% Cell-edge user throughput Single Cell 0.743 Mbps Transmission Ref CoMP with 8 REs CoMP with 12 REs CoMP with 16 REs 0.866 Mbps +16.6% 0.854 0 854 Mbps +14.9% 0.840 Mbps +13.1% Cell Throughput 20.54 Mbps Ref 21.13 Mbps +2.9% 20.98 20 98 Mbps +2.1% 20.25 Mbps -1.4%
2 x 2 MIMO with CoMP
4 x 4 MIMO with CoMP RE is a resource element which is one OFDMA symbol on one subcarrier
Source: NTT DoCoMo R1-091484
Scheduler holds data rate for cell-edge users roughly constant with various channel configurations Impact to cell throughput is minimal Improvement to cell-edge performance modest Probably not worth the impact to network complexity
26
CoMP is more effective with light cell loading

Joint transmission (8 REs per RB) Joint transmission (12 REs per RB) Joint transmission (16 REs per RB) Single-cell transmission
Joint transmission (8 REs per RB) Joint transmission (12 REs per RB) Joint transmission (16 REs per RB) Single-cell transmission
Cell-edge user throughput (Mbps)
Cell-edge user throughput (Mbps)
5 4 3 2 1 0
2-by-2 fD = 5.55 Hz On/off traffic
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 8
4-by-2 fD = 5.55 Hz On/off traffic
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Cell throughput (Mbps)

2 x 2 MIMO Configuration
Cell throughput (Mbps)

4 x 4 MIMO Configuration Region of first simulation
Source: NTT DoCoMo R1-091484

27
In-channel relay and backhaul

Basic in-channel relaying uses a relay node (RN) that receives, amplifies and then retransmits DL and UL signals to improve coverage Advanced relaying performs L2 or L3 decoding of transmissions before transmitting only what is required for the local UE
eNB
Over The Air backhaul
eNB
RN
Cell Edge
RN RN
Multi-hop relaying Area of poor coverage with no cabled backhaul
OFDMA makes it possible to split a channel into UE and backhaul traffic The link budget between the eNB and relay station can be engineered to be good enough to allow part of the channel to be used for backhaul of the relay traffic Main use cases: Urban/indoor for throughput or dead zone Rural for coverage
28
Heterogeneous network support

Combination of Macro, micro, pico, femto, repeaters and relay nodes creates heterogeneous network with ongoing need for advanced radio resource management Femtocell/Home eNB
Distinct from relaying Backhaul provided by existing DSL/cable connection Mainly for indoor coverage g Extension of coverage beyond the cell (rural area) Reuses spectrum avoids expensive backhaul
Femtocell example
29
Femtocell Attributes
Attribute Infrastructure cost Infrastructure finance Backhaul Planning g Deployment Quality of Service Control Mobility Data throughput Traditional Cellular $10,000 100,000 $10 000 - 100 000 Operator Expensive leased T1/E1 lines Operator p Operator truck roll Operator controlled Operator via O&M Good/excellent Limited Femtocells $100 - 200 End User Existing broadband internet End user (no central ( planning) End user one touch Best Effort Operator via Internet Nomadic/best effort Excellent
30
Looking at the cost/benefits of LTE-Advanced

Bandwidth Aggregation Peak data rates Spectral efficiency Cell edge performance Coverage Enhanced Uplink Higher order MIMO CoMP Relaying
UE cost
Network cost (Network) (Network)
Complexity
(UE)
(UE)
31
LTE-Advanced summary
LTE-A is 3GPPs submission to ITU-R IMT-Advanced 4G program LTE-A is an evolution of LTE and is about two years behind LTE in standards LTE-A Deployment timing is harder to predict and will depend heavily on the rollout of LTE Bandwidth up to 100MHz through aggregation of 20 MHz carriers Up to 1 Gbps (low mobility) with 8x8 MIMO Key new technologies include : clustered SC-FDMA, CoMP, relaying Spectral efficiency performance targets are a step up from the already very challenging Rel-8 LTE targets But UMTS is not standing still
MIMO Dual carrier Femtocells
32
Thank you for listening!
33

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Introduction to LTE-Advanced

Moray Rumney 15th October 2009

Concepts of 3GPP LTE 9 Oct 2007 Page 1

Copyright 2009 Agilent Technologies, Inc.

Concepts of 3GPP LTE 9 Oct 2007 Page 2 Page 2

Introduction to LTE-Advanced Moray Rumney 15 Oct 2009

The Agilent LTE Book

Concepts of 3GPP LTE 9 Oct 2007 Page 3 Page 3

Introduction to LTE-Advanced Moray Rumney 15 Oct 2009

3GPP UMTS standards evolution (RAN)

Rel-99 Rel 99 Rel-4 Rel-5 Rel-6 Rel-7 R l7 Rel-8

Dec D 2009 Dec 2010?

Concepts of 3GPP LTE 9 Oct 2007 Page 5 Page 5

Wireless evolution 1990 - 2010

TD-SCDMA LCR-TDD 802.11n 802.16d Fixed WiMAXTM WiBRO

HSDPA FDD & TDD

HSUPA FDD & TDD

802.16e Mobile WiMAXTM

Concepts of 3GPP LTE 9 Oct 2007 Page 6 Page 6

Introduction to LTE-Advanced Moray Rumney 15 Oct 2009

Spectral Efficiency 3-4x Rel-6 HSDPA (downlink) 2-3x HSUPA (uplink)

Latency Idle active < 100 ms

Small packets < 5 ms

Multiple Input Multiple Output

Concepts of 3GPP LTE 9 Oct 2007 Page 7 Page 7

Introduction to LTE-Advanced Moray Rumney 15 Oct 2009

Coordinated Multipoint Transmission/Reception

Key LTE-Advanced Documents (2009-09) - and where to find them

Requirements TR 36.913 v8.0.1 (2009-03)

Study Phase Technical Report TR 36.912 v2.2.0

Latest Status report RP-090729

Physical Layer Aspects TR 36.814 v1.3.0

Concepts of 3GPP LTE 9 Oct 2007 Page 9 Page 9

Introduction to LTE-Advanced Moray Rumney 15 Oct 2009

First Trial Networks

First Commercial Networks

Further Commercial Networks

LSTI = LTE/SAE Trial Initiative GCF = Global Certification Forum

ITU-R Submission Sept 2009

Concepts of 3GPP LTE 9 Oct 2007 Page 11 Page 11

Introduction to LTE-Advanced Moray Rumney 15 Oct 2009

ITU the source of the G in wireless

All IMT technologies have access to designated IMT spectrum

Concepts of 3GPP LTE 9 Oct 2007 Page 13 Page 13

Introduction to LTE-Advanced Moray Rumney 15 Oct 2009

Introduction to LTE-Advanced Moray Rumney 15 Oct 2009

LTE-Advanced Requirements & proposals

Concepts of 3GPP LTE 9 Oct 2007 Page 15 Page 15

Introduction to LTE-Advanced Moray Rumney 15 Oct 2009

LTE-Advanced spectral efficiency requirements

ISD is Inter Site Distance

2x to 4x efficiency of Rel-6 HSPA

LTE-Advanced solution proposals

Higher order MIMO

Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) Relaying

Concepts of 3GPP LTE 9 Oct 2007 Page 17 Page 17

Introduction to LTE-Advanced Moray Rumney 15 Oct 2009

Contiguous aggregation of two uplink component carriers

Concepts of 3GPP LTE 9 Oct 2007 Page 18 Page 18

Introduction to LTE-Advanced Moray Rumney 15 Oct 2009

IMT Frequency bands

* Defined by ETSI for Europe only

Concepts of 3GPP LTE 9 Oct 2007 Page 19 Page 19