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1.2 Experiment TW 1.2 Characteristic impedance for long line models

Objective:

To determine characteristic impedance for a long line from short-circuit and opencircuit measurements Under the assumption of lossless lines and where termination) for the input impedance Z1, it follows that: Z1, = Zc j tan( l )

Theory:

Z 2 = (open-circuit

(6)

For Z 2 = 0 (short-circuit termination) the input impedance is given by: Z 1, 0 = j Z c tan( l )

(7)

Thus through conversion the characteristic impedance from Z1, and Z1, 0 can be determined:

Z c = Z1, 0 .Z1,

(8)

Equation (8) derived for lossless lines also applies for real, lossy lines. In general Z1, 0 and Z1, will be complex input impedances, i.e. a phase angle which does not equal 0 0 appears between the current and voltage at the input of the line. Thus, in general, the characteristic impedance Z c will also be a complex impedance. In the following experiment only the magnitude of the characteristic impedance is measured.

Procedure:
Determining Z c for a long line model
The experiment set-up is as specified in Fig. 1-1. 1. As the measuring object use the section with l = 5 km and = 0.4 mm from the line model II. Feed an input voltage of 2 VRMS .

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Figure 1-1:

Experiment Set-up (1) (2) (3) (4) Power supply Frequency generator Function generator Object under test with STE elements

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2. Vary the frequency of the function generator according to the values from Table 1.2-1. Record the measurements both for short-circuit and open-circuit line outputs. Enter the effective values of U1 and U R into Table 1.2-1. 3. Since the following is true for the current I1 at the line input

I1 =

UR 300

(9)

For the input impedance Z1, it follows that:

Z 1, =

U1 U1 = . 300 I1 U R

(10)

4. Z1, can correspondingly be determined from the voltages U 1 and U R for short-circuit Z 2 = 0 on the output side. Enter your results for Z1, and Z1, 0 into Table 1.2-1. Using equation (8) calculate the magnitude of the characteristic impedance Z c for each frequency. 5. Plot the characteristic Z c = Z c ( f ) over the frequency in Figure 1-2. Determine the optimum line termination Z 2opt for the mid frequency of the telephone band (f = 1000 Hz).

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Table 1.2-1: Line Section:

f (Hz)

Determining characteristic impedance Z c from the measurement of the lines input impedance Z1 for open-circuit and short-circuit line termination. Wire Diameter = 0.4 mm Line Length l = 5 km U1 UR U1 UR Z1, Z1, 0 Zc () (m V RMS ) (m V RMS ) (m V RMS ) (m V RMS ) () ()

100 200 300 400 500 600 800 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 6 000 8 000 10 000

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Figure 1-2 -5-