Questions 1.What is garbage collection? What is the process that is responsible for doing that in java?

- Reclaiming the unused memory by the invalid objects. Garbage collector is responsible for this process 2.What kind of thread is the Garbage collector thread? - It is a daemon thread. 3.What is a daemon thread? - These are the threads which can run without user intervention. The JVM can exit when there are daemon thread by killing them abruptly. 4.How will you invoke any external process in Java? Runtime.getRuntime().exec(.) 5.What is the finalize method do? - Before the invalid objects get garbage collected, the JVM give the user a chance to clean up some resources before it got garbage collected. 6.What is mutable object and immutable object? - If a object value is changeable then we can call it as Mutable object. (Ex., StringBuffer, ) If you are not allowed to change the value of an object, it is immutable object. (Ex., String, Integer, Float, ) 7.What is the basic difference between string and stringbuffer object? - String is an immutable object. StringBuffer is a mutable object. 8.What is the purpose of Void class? - The Void class is an uninstantiable placeholder class to hold a reference to the Class object representing the primitive Java type void. 9.What is reflection? - Reflection allows programmatic access to information about the fields, methods and constructors of loaded classes, and the use reflected fields, methods, and constructors to operate on their underlying counterparts on objects, within security restrictions. 10.What is the base class for Error and Exception? - Throwable 11.What is the byte range? -128 to 127 12.What is the implementation of destroy method in java.. is it native or java code? - This method is not implemented. 13.What is a package? - To group set of classes into a single unit is known as packaging. Packages provides wide namespace ability. 14.What are the approaches that you will follow for making a program very efficient? - By avoiding too much of static methods avoiding the excessive and unnecessary use of synchronized methods Selection of related classes based on the application (meaning synchronized classes for multiuser and non-synchronized classes for single user) Usage of appropriate design patterns Using cache methodologies for remote invocations Avoiding creation of variables within a loop and lot more. 15.What is a DatabaseMetaData? - Comprehensive information about the database as a whole. 16.What is Locale? - A Locale object represents a specific geographical, political, or cultural region 17.How will you load a specific locale? - Using ResourceBundle.getBundle(); 18.What is JIT and its use? - Really, just a very fast compiler In this incarnation, pretty much a one-pass compiler no offline computations. So you cant look at the whole method, rank the expressions according to which ones are re-used the most, and then generate code. In theory terms, its an on-line problem. 19.Is JVM a compiler or an interpreter? - Interpreter 20.When you think about optimization, what is the best way to findout the time/memory consuming process? - Using profiler 21.What is the purpose of assert keyword used in JDK1.4.x? - In order to validate certain expressions. It effectively replaces the if block and automatically throws the AssertionError on failure. This keyword should be used for the critical arguments. Meaning, without that the

method does nothing. 22.How will you get the platform dependent values like line separator, path separator, etc., ? - Using Sytem.getProperty() (line.separator, path.separator, ) 23.What is skeleton and stub? what is the purpose of those? - Stub is a client side representation of the server, which takes care of communicating with the remote server. Skeleton is the server side representation. But that is no more in use it is deprecated long before in JDK. 24.What is the final keyword denotes? - final keyword denotes that it is the final implementation for that method or variable or class. You cant override that method/variable/class any more. 25.What is the significance of ListIterator? - You can iterate back and forth. 26.What is the major difference between LinkedList and ArrayList? LinkedList are meant for sequential accessing. ArrayList are meant for random accessing. 27.What is nested class? - If all the methods of a inner class is static then it is a nested class. 28.What is inner class? - If the methods of the inner class can only be accessed via the instance of the inner class, then it is called inner class. 29.What is composition? - Holding the reference of the other class within some other class is known as composition. 30.What is aggregation? - It is a special type of composition. If you expose all the methods of a composite class and route the method call to the composite method through its reference, then it is called aggregation. 31.What are the methods in Object? - clone, equals, wait, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString 32.Can you instantiate the Math class? - You cant instantiate the math class. All the methods in this class are static. And the constructor is not public. 33.What is singleton? - It is one of the design pattern. This falls in the creational pattern of the design pattern. There will be only one instance for that entire JVM. You can achieve this by having the private constructor in the class. For eg., public class Singleton { private static final Singleton s = new Singleton(); private Singleton() { } public static Singleton getInstance() { return s; } // all non static methods } 34.What is DriverManager? - The basic service to manage set of JDBC drivers. 35.What is Class.forName() does and how it is useful? - It loads the class into the ClassLoader. It returns the Class. Using that you can get the instance ( class-instance.newInstance() ). 36.Inq adds a question: Expain the reason for each keyword of "public static void main(String args[])" 37. what is an abstract class? 38. what is function overloading? 39 what is a trigger? 40. what is the difference between data ware house and data mining? 41. tell me about ur project.. 42. what is the front end and back end of ur project?? Question 1. Given a Binary Search Tree, write a program to print the kth smallest element without using any static/global variable. You can t pass the value k to any function also. 2. What are the 4 basics of OOP? 3. Define Data Abstraction. What is its importance?

4. Given an array of size n. It contains numbers in the range 1 to n. [...] 5. What is the most efficient way to reverse a linklist? 6. How to sort & search a single linklist? 7. Which is more convenient - single or double-linked linklist? Discuss the trade-offs? What about XOR-linked linklist? "8.How does indexing work? char s[10]; s=Hello; printf(s); What will be the output? Is there any error with this code? What is the difference between char s[]=Hello; char *s=Hello; " 9. What is a void return type? 10. How is it possible for two String objects with identical values not to be equal under the == operator? 11.What is the difference between a while statement and a do statement? 12.Can a for statement loop indefinitely? 13.How do you link a C++ program to C functions? 14. What is the difference between an ARRAY and a LIST? 15.What is faster : access the element in an ARRAY or in a LIST? 16.Define a constructor - what it is and how it might be called (2 methods). 17.Describe PRIVATE, PROTECTED and PUBLIC data structure Questions 1.What is data structure? 2.What are the goals of Data Structure ? 3.What does abstract Data Type Mean? 4.What is the difference between a Stack and an Array? 5.What do you mean by recursive definition? 6.What is sequential search? 7.What actions are performed when a function is called? 8.What actions are performed when a function returns? 9.What is a linked list ? 10.What are the advantages of linked list over array(static data structure) ? 11.Can we apply binary search algorithm to a sorted linked list,why ? 12.What do you mean by free pool ? 13.What do you mean by garbage collection ? 14.What do you mean by overflow and underflow ? 15.What are the disadvantages array implementation of linked list ? 16.What is a queue ? 17. What is a priority queue ? 18.What are the disadvantages of sequential storage? 19.What are the disadvantages of representing a stack or queue by a linked list ? 20.What is dangling pointer and how to avoid it ? 21.What are the disadvantages of linear list ? 22.Define circular list ? 23. What are the disadvantages of circular list ? 24.Define double linked list? 25.Is it necessary to sort a file before searching a particular item ? 26.What are the issues that hampers the efficiency in sorting a file ? 27.Calculate the efficiency of sequential search ? 28. Is any implicit arguments are passed to a function when it is called ?

29.Parenthesis is never required in Postfix or Prefix expressions, Why? 30.List out the areas in which data structures are applied extensively? 31.What are the major data structures used in the following areas : network data model & Hierarchical data model. 32.If you are using C language to implement the heterogeneous linked list, what pointer type will you use? 33.Minimum number of queues needed to implement the priority queue? 34.What is the data structures used to perform recursion? 35.What are the notations used in Evaluation of Arithmetic Expressions using prefix and postfix forms? 36. Convert the expression ((A + B) * C (D E) ^ (F + G)) to equivalent Prefix and Postfix notations. 37. Sorting is not possible by using which of the following methods? 38. List out few of the Application of tree data-structure? 39. List out few of the applications that make use of Multilinked Structures? 40. In tree construction which is the suitable efficient data structure? 41. What is the type of the algorithm used in solving the 8 Queens problem? 42 .In an AVL tree, at what condition the balancing is to be done? 43 .There are 8, 15, 13, 14 nodes were there in 4 different trees. Which of them could have formed a full binary tree? 44.In RDBMS, what is the efficient data structure used in the internal storage representation? "45. Of the following tree structure, which is, efficient considering space and time complexities? (a) Incomplete Binary Tree. (b) Complete Binary Tree. (c) Full Binary Tree. " 46.What is a spanning Tree? 47.Does the minimum spanning tree of a graph give the shortest distance between any 2 specified nodes? 48.Whether Linked List is linear or Non-linear data structure? Operating system Questions 1. What is an operating system? 2. What are the various components of a computer system? 3. What is purpose of different operating systems? 4. What are the different operating systems? 5. What are operating system services? 6. What is a boot-strap program? 7. What is BIOS? 8. Explain the concept of the batched operating systems? 9. Explain the concept of the multi-programmed operating systems? 10. Explain the concept of the timesharing operating systems? 11. Explain the concept of the multi-processor systems or parallel systems? 12. Explain the concept of the Distributed systems? 13. Explain the concept of Real-time operating systems? 14. Define MULTICS? 15. What is SCSI? 16. What is a sector? 17. What is cache-coherency? 18. What are residence monitors? 19. What is dual-mode operation? 20. What are the operating system components?

21. What are operating system services? 22. What are system calls? 23. What is a layered approach and what is its advantage? 24. What is micro kernel approach and site its advantages? 25. What are a virtual machines and site their advantages? 26. What is a process? 27. What are the states of a process? 28. What are various scheduling queues? 29. What is a job queue? 30. What is a ready queue? 31. What is a device queue? 32. What is a long term scheduler & short term schedulers? 33. What is context switching? 34. What are the disadvantages of context switching? 35. What are co-operating processes? 36. What is a thread? 37. What are the benefits of multithreaded programming? 38. What are types of threads? 39. Which category the java thread do fall in? 40. What are multithreading models? 41. What is a P-thread? 42. What are java threads? 43. What is process synchronization? 44. What is critical section problem? 45. What is a semaphore? 46. What is bounded-buffer problem? 47. What is readers-writers problem? 48. What is dining philosophers problem? 49. What is a deadlock? 50. What are necessary conditions for dead lock? 51. What is resource allocation graph? 52. What are deadlock prevention techniques? 53. What is a safe state and a safe sequence? 54. What are the deadlock avoidance algorithms? 55. What are the basic functions of an operating system? 56. Explain briefly about, processor, assembler, compiler, loader, linker and the functions executed by them. 57. What is a Real-Time System? 58. What is the difference between Hard and Soft real-time systems? 59. What is virtual memory? 60. What is cache memory? 61.Differentiate between Complier and Interpreter? 62.What are different tasks of Lexical Analysis? 63. Why paging is used? 64. What is Context Switch? 65. Distributed Systems? 66.Difference between Primary storage and secondary storage? 67. What is CPU Scheduler? 68. What do you mean by deadlock? 69. What is Dispatcher? 70. What is Throughput, Turnaround time, waiting time and Response time? 71. Explain the difference between microkernel and macro kernel? 72.What is multi tasking, multi programming, multi threading? 73. Give a non-computer example of preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling? 74. What is starvation and aging? 75.Different types of Real-Time Scheduling? 76. What are the Methods for Handling Deadlocks? 77. What is a Safe State and its use in deadlock avoidance?

78. Recovery from Deadlock? 79.Difference between Logical and Physical Address Space? 80. Binding of Instructions and Data to Memory? 81. What is Memory-Management Unit (MMU)? 82. What are Dynamic Loading, Dynamic Linking and Overlays? 83. What is fragmentation? Different types of fragmentation? 84. Define Demand Paging, Page fault interrupt, and Trashing? 85. Explain Segmentation with paging? 86. Under what circumstances do page faults occur? Describe the actions taken by the operating system when a page fault occurs? 87. What is the cause of thrashing? How does the system detect thrashing? Once it detects thrashing, what can the system do to eliminate this problem? C Questions 1. What does static variable mean? 2. What is a pointer? 3. What are the uses of a pointer? 4. What is a structure? 5. What is a union? 6. What are the differences between structures and union? 7. What are the differences between structures and arrays? 8. In header files whether functions are declared or defined? 9. What are the differences between malloc () and calloc ()? 10. What are macros? What are its advantages and disadvantages? 11. Difference between pass by reference and pass by 12. What is static identifier? 13. Where is the auto variables stored? 14. Where does global, static, and local, register 15. Difference between arrays and linked list? 16. What are enumerations? 17. Describe about storage allocation and scope of 18. What are register variables? What are the advantages 19. What is the use of typedef? 20. Can we specify variable field width in a scanf() 21. Out of fgets() and gets() which function is safe to use and why? 22. Difference between strdup and strcpy? 23. What is recursion? 24. Differentiate between a for loop and a while loop? What are it uses? 25. What is storage class.What are the different storage classes in C? 26. What the advantages of using Unions? 27. What is the difference between Strings and Arrays? 28. What is a far pointer? where we use it? 29. What is a huge pointer? 30. What is a normalized pointer ,how do we normalize a pointer? 31. What is near pointer. 32. In C, why is the void pointer useful? When would you use it? 33. What is a NULL Pointer? Whether it is same as an uninitialized pointer? 34. Are pointers integer ? 35. What does the error Null Pointer Assignment means and what causes this error? 36. What is generic pointer in C? 37. Are the expressions arr and &arr same for an array of integers? 38. How pointer variables are initialized ? 39. What is static memory allocation ? 40. What is dynamic memory allocation? 41. What is the purpose of realloc ?

42. What is pointer to a pointer. 43. What is an array of pointers ? 44. Difference between linker and linkage ? 45. Is it possible to have negative index in an array? 46. Why is it necessary to give the size of an array in an array declaration ? 47. What modular programming ? 48. What is a function ? 49. What is an argument ? 50. What are built in functions ? 51. Difference between formal argument and actual argument ? 52. Is it possible to have more than one main() function in a C program ? 53. What is the difference between an enumeration and a set of preprocessor # defines? 54. How are Structure passing and returning implemented by the complier? 55. What is the similarity between a Structure, Union and enumeration? 56. Can a Structure contain a Pointer to itself? 57. How can we read/write Structures from/to data files? 58. Write a program which employs Recursion ? 59. Write a program which uses Command Line Arguments? 60. Difference between array and pointer ? 61. What do the c and v in argc and argv stand for? 62. What are C tokens ? 63. What are C identifiers? 64. Difference between syntax vs logical error? 65. What is preincrement and post increment ? 66. Write a program to interchange 2 variables without using the third one. 67. What is the maximum combined length of command line arguments including the space between adjacent arguments? 68. What are bit fields? What is the use of bit fields in a Structure declaration? 69. What is a preprocessor, What are the advantages of preprocessor ? 70. What are the facilities provided by preprocessor ? 71. What are the two forms of #include directive ? 72. How would you use the functions randomize() and random()? 73. What do the functions atoi(), itoa() and gcvt() do? 74. How would you use the functions fseek(), freed(), fwrite() and ftell()? 75. What is the difference between the functions memmove() and memcpy()? 76. What is a file ? 77. What are the types of file? 78. What is a stream ? 79. What is meant by file opening ? 81. What is a file pointer ? 82. How is fopen()used ? 83. How is a file closed ? 84. What is a random access file ? 85. What is the purpose of ftell ? 86. What is the purpose of rewind() ? 87. Difference between a array name and a pointer variable ? 88. Represent a two-dimensional array using pointer ? 89. Difference between an array of pointers and a pointer to an array ? 90. Can we use any name in place of argv and argc as command line arguments ? 91. What are the pointer declarations used in C?

92. Differentiate between a constant pointer and pointer to a constant ? 93. Is the allocated space within a function automatically deallocated when the function returns? 94. Discuss on pointer arithmetic? 95. What are the invalid pointer arithmetic ? 96. What are the advantages of using array of pointers to string instead of an array of strings? 97. Are the expressions *ptr ++ and ++ *ptr same ? 98. What would be the equivalent pointer expression foe referring the same element as a[p][q][r][s] ? 99. Are the variables argc and argv are always local to main ? 100. Can main () be called recursively? 101. Can we initialize unions? 102. Whats the difference between these two declarations? 103. Why doesnt this code: a[i] = i++; work? 104. Why doesnt struct x { };x thestruct; work? 105. Why cant we compare structures? 106. How are structure passing and returning implemented? C++ Questions 1.What is a class? 2.What is an object? 3.What is the difference between an object and a class? 4.What is the difference between class and structure? 5.Define object based programming language ? 6.Define object oriented language ? 7.Define OOPs? 8.What is public, protected, private? 9.What is a scope resolution operator? 10.What do you mean by inheritance? 11.What is abstraction? 12.What is encapsulation? 13.How variable declaration in c++ differs that in c ? 14.What are the c++ tokens ? 15.what do you mean by reference variable in c++ ? 16.what do you mean by implicit conversion ? 17.what is the difference between method overloading and method overriding? 18.What are the defining traits of an object-oriented language? 19.What is polymorphism ? 20.What do you mean by inline function? 21 What is the difference between a NULL pointer and a void pointer? 22.What is difference between C++ and Java? 23.What do you mean by multiple inheritance in C++ ? 24.What do you mean by virtual methods ? 25.What do you mean by static methods ? 26.How many ways are there to initialize an int with a constant? 27.What is constructors? 28.What is destructors? 29.What is an explicit constructor? 30 What is the Standard Template Library? 31.What problem does the namespace feature solve? 32.What is the use of using declaration ? 33.What is a template ? 34.Differentiate between a template class and class template ? 35.What is the difference between a copy constructor and an overloaded assignment operator? 36.What is a virtual destructor?

37.What is an incomplete type? 38.What do you mean by Stack unwinding? 39.What is a container class? What are the types of container classes? 40.Name some pure object oriented languages ? 41.Name the operators that cannot be overloaded ? 42.What is an adaptor class or Wrapper class? 43.What is a Null object? 44.What is class invariant? 45.What is a dangling pointer? 46.Differentiate between the message and method ? 47.How can we access protected and private members of a class ? 48.Can you handle exception in C++ ? 49.What is virtual function ? 50.What do you mean by early binding ? 51.What do you mean by late binding ? RDBMS Questions 1. What is a Database? 2. What is DBMS? 3 What is a Catalog? 4. What is data ware housing & OLAP? 5. What is real time database technology? 6. What is program-data independence? 7. What is ORDBMS? 8. What is program-operation independence? 9. What is a view? 10. What is OLTP? 11. What is the job of DBA? 12. Who are db designer? 13. What are different types of end users? 14. What are the advantages of using a dbms? 15. What are the disadvantages of using a dbms? 16. What is a data model? 17. What are different categories of data models? 18. What is schema? 19. What are types of schema? 20. What is Data independency? 21. What are different DBMS languages? 22. What are different types of DBMS? 23. What is an entity? 24. What are attributes? 25. What are diff. types of attributes? 26. What is difference between entity set and entity type? 27. What is domain value or value set of an attribute? 28. What is degree of a relationship? 29. What is recursive relationship? 30. What are relationship constraints? 31. What is Cardinality ratio? 32. What is a Participation constraint? 33. What is a weak entity types? 34. What is an ER Diagram? 35. What is an EER? 36. What is specialization? 38. What is generalization? 38. What are constraints on generalization and specialization? 39. What is a ternary relationship? 40. What is aggregation and association? 41. What is RAID Technology? 42. What is Hashing technique?

43. What are different types of relational constraints? 44. What is difference between a super key, a key, a candidate key and a primary key? 45. What is a foreign key? 46. What is a transaction? 47. What are the properties of transaction? 48. What are the basic data base operations? 49. What are the disadvantages of not controlling concurrency? 50. What are serial, non serial? 51. What are conflict serializable schedules? 52. What is result equivalent? 53. What are conflict equivalent schedules? 54. What is a conflict serializable schedule? 55. What is view equivalence? 56. What is view serializable? 57. What are the various methods of controlling concurrency? 58. What is a lock? 59. What are various types of locking techniques? 60. What is a binary lock? 61. What is shared or exclusive lock? 62. What are different types of two phase lockings(2pl)? 63. What is a deadlock? 64. What are triggers?