Open Source Definition

The Open Source Definition is used by the Open Source Initiative to determine whether or not a software license can be considered open source. The definition was based on the Debian Free Software Guidelines, written and adapted primarily by Bruce Perens. They are by no means definitive even as applied to software. Clause 3 is the primary legal difference between free software and open source software as such, free software is stricter in interpreting 3. Clauses 5 and 6 are not a condition of any major open content license regimes, which commonly do restrict types of uses and users; for instance, Creative Commons has open content licenses that explicitly forbid commercial use. Introduction Open source doesn't just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following criteria: 1. Free Redistribution The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several different sources. The license shall not require a royalty or other fee for such sale. 2. Source Code The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as well as compiled form. Where some form of a product is not distributed with source code, there must be a well-publicized means of obtaining the source code for no more than a reasonable reproduction cost preferably, downloading via the Internet without charge. The source code must be the preferred form in which a programmer would modify the program. Deliberately obfuscated source code is not allowed. Intermediate forms such as the output of a preprocessor or translator are not allowed. 3. Derived Works The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software. 4. Integrity of the Author's Source Code The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose of modifying the program at build time. The license must explicitly permit distribution of software built from modified source code. The license may require derived works to carry a different name or version number from the original software. 5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons. 6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor.

The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific field of endeavor. For example, it may not restrict the program from being used in a business, or from being used for genetic research. 7. Distribution of License The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties. 8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product The rights attached to the program must not depend on the program's being part of a particular software distribution. If the program is extracted from that distribution and used or distributed within the terms of the program's license, all parties to whom the program is redistributed should have the same rights as those that are granted in conjunction with the original software distribution. 9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed along with the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other programs distributed on the same medium must be open-source software. 10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral No provision of the license may be predicated on any individual technology or style of interface.

Definitions
Main article: Open Source Definition

There are numerous groups who claim ownership of the term "Open Source", but the term has not been trademarked. The Open Source Initiative's definition is widely recognized as the standard or de facto definition.[citation needed] The Open Source Initiative (OSI) was formed in February 1998 by Raymond and Perens. With about 20 years of evidence from case histories of closed and open development already provided by the Internet, the OSI continued to present the 'open source' case to commercial businesses. They sought to bring a higher profile to the practical benefits of freely available source code, and wanted to bring major software businesses and other high-tech industries into open source. Perens adapted Debian's Free Software Guidelines to make The Open Source Definition.[10]
[edit] The Open Source Definition

The Open Source Definition is used by the Open Source Initiative to determine whether a software license can be considered open source. The definition was based on the Debian Free Software Guidelines, written and adapted primarily by Bruce Perens.[11][12] Perens did not base his writing on the "four freedoms" of Free Software from the FSF, which were only widely available later.[13]
[edit] Perens' principles

Under Perens' definition, open source describes a broad general type of software license that makes source code available to the general public with relaxed or non-existent copyright restrictions. The principles, as stated, say absolutely nothing about trademark or patent use and require absolutely no cooperation to ensure that any common audit or release regime applies to any derived works. It is an explicit "feature" of open source that it may put no restrictions on the use or distribution by any organization or user. It forbids this, in principle, to guarantee continued access to derived works even by the major original contributors.

[edit] Proliferation of the term

Main article: Open source

While the term "open source" applied originally only to the source code of software,[14] it is now being applied to many other areas such as Open source ecology,[15] a movement to decentralize technologies so that any human can use them. However, it is often misapplied to other areas which have different and competing principles, which overlap only partially.

[edit] Non-software use

The principles of open source have been adapted for many forms of user generated content and technology, including open source hardware. Supporters of the open content movement advocate some restrictions of use, requirements to share changes, and attribution to other authors of the work. This culture or ideology takes the view that the principles apply more generally to facilitate concurrent input of different agendas, approaches and priorities, in contrast with more centralized models of development such as those typically used in commercial companies.[16] Advocates of the open source principles often point to Wikipedia as an example, but Wikipedia has in fact often restricted certain types of use or user, and the GFDL license it has historically used makes specific requirements of all users, which technically violates the open source principles.
[edit] Business models Main article: Business models for open source software

There are a number of commonly recognized barriers to the adoption of open source software by enterprises. These barriers include the perception that open source licenses are viral, lack of formal support and training, the velocity of change, and a lack of a long term roadmap. The majority of these barriers are risk-related. From the other side, not all proprietary projects disclose exact future plans, not all open source licenses are equally viral and many serious OSS projects (especially operating systems) actually make money from paid support and documentation. A commonly employed business strategy of commercial open-source software firms is the duallicense Strategy, as demonstrated by Ingres, MySQL, Alfresco, and others.

[edit] Widely used open source products

Open source software (OSS) projects are built and maintained by a network of volunteer programmers. Prime examples of open source products are the Apache HTTP Server, the ecommerce platform osCommerce and the internet browser Mozilla Firefox. One of the most successful open source products is the GNU/Linux operating system, an open source Unix-like operating system.[17][18] In some fields, open software is the norm, like in VoIP applications with Asterisk (PBX). Open source standards are not, however, limited to open-source software. For example, Microsoft has also joined the open-source discussion with the adoption of their OpenDocument format[5] as well as creating another open standard, the Office Open XML formats.

Meaning of open source OS An open source (OS) operating system is a set of programs that schedule tasks, allocates storage and presents a default interface to the user between applications. But this OS is free, user have the right to use, modify and redistribute the software for better interoperability.

4.0 THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN ICT 4.1Hardware

Below is the example of latest hardware nowadays which is Life share real-time videos Cam VX-7000. Its fast and easy gadget to use when taking a photo with friends and family. It is complete with a High Definition 2.0 mega pixel sensor and noise-canceling microphone.
Its features are as follows:

a) Photo Swap

Share and swap photos in real time with your friends and family using Windows Live Messengerright in the video call window.

b) Windows Live Call Button

It's simple to start video calls. One touch of the Windows Live CallButton lets you see who's online, and you're on your way tomaking a video call. c)Optimized for Windows Live Messenger Seamlessly integrated with Windows Live Messenger for easy setup and use.

d) Always Focused
The webcam is always in focus-no fine, tuning needed, and focus dept of field is from 21to 60 e)2.0 Megapixel Sensor True 2.0 megapixel sensor offering crisp, clear video quality.

f) Crystal-clear Audio

Automatic audio control for enhanced clarity.

g) Glass Element Lens

See your friends up close and personal with this glass element lens.

4.0 The Latest Development in ICT 4.1 Hardware

Years ago, we use the mouse with wire, but now we can use wireless mouse.

4.2 Software

Microsoft Office; The latest Microsoft office is easier and complete to use compare with Microsoft office 97

Open source application software is computer software that is available in source code form for which the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that permits users to study, change, and improve the software. Open source licenses often meet the requirements of the Open Source Definition. Some open source application software is available within the public domain. Open source application software is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open source application software is the most prominent example of open source development and often compared to user-generated content or open content movements. The term open source application software originated as part of a marketing campaign for free application software. Rearrange the definition from Open Source Software at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opensource_software

About Mozilla
Mozilla is a global non-profit dedicated to putting you in control of your online experience and shaping the future of the Web for the public good. When you use Firefox, you're supporting that mission and making the Web better for everyone

VLC media player

VLC is a free and open source cross-platform multimedia player and framework that plays most multimedia files as well as DVD, Audio CD, VCD, and various streaming protocols.

VLC media player is a free and open source media player and multimedia framework written by the VideoLAN project. VLC is a portable multimedia player, encoder, and streamer supporting many audio and video codecs and file formats as well as DVDs, VCDs, and various streaming protocols. It is able to stream over networks and to transcode multimedia files and save them into various formats. VLC used to stand for VideoLAN Client, but since VLC is no longer simply a client, that initialism no longer applies.[2][3] It is a cross-platform media player, with versions for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, GNU, Linux, BeOS, MorphOS, BSD, Solaris, iOS, and eComStation.[4] The default distribution of VLC includes a large number of free decoding and encoding libraries, avoiding the need for finding/calibrating proprietary plugins. Many of VLC's codecs are provided by the libavcodec library from the FFmpeg project, but it uses mainly its own muxer and demuxers. It also gained distinction as the first player to support playback of encrypted DVDs on Linux by using the libdvdcss DVD decryption library. Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) is a post-desktop model of human-computer interaction in which information processing has been thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities. In the course of ordinary activities, someone "using" ubiquitous computing engages many computational devices and systems simultaneously, and may not necessarily even be aware that they are doing so. This model is usually considered an advancement from the desktop paradigm. More formally Ubiquitous computing is defined as "machines that fit the human environment instead of forcing humans to enter theirs."[1] This paradigm is also described as pervasive computing, ambient intelligence.,[2] where each term emphasizes slightly different aspects. When primarily concerning the objects involved, it is also physical computing, the Internet of Things, haptic computing,[3] and things that think. Rather than propose a single definition for ubiquitous computing and for these related terms, a taxonomy of properties for ubiquitous computing has been proposed, from which different kinds or flavors of ubiquitous systems and applications can be described

Features
Simple, Powerful and Fast Plays everything, Files, Discs (DVD, CD, VCD, Blu-Ray), Webcams and Streams Plays most codecs with no codec packs needed: MPEG-2, H.264, DivX, MPEG-4, WebM, WMV player Completely Free, 0 Spyware, Ads or User Tracking Works on most platforms: Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Unix.

http://opensourcewindows.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLC_media_player

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software http://mbarhanudin.blogspot.com/2010/07/meaning-of-open-source-application.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitous_computing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer_hardware http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome_OS

Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open source software development and distribution. The defining component of any Linux system is the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released October 5, 1991 by Linus Torvalds.[10] [11] Linux system distributions may vary in many details of system operation, configuration, and software package selections. Linux runs on a wide variety of computer hardware, including mobile phones, tablet computers, network routers, televisions[12][13], video game consoles, desktop computers, mainframes and supercomputers.[14][15][16][17] Linux is a leading server operating system, and runs the 10 fastest supercomputers in the world.[18] In addition, more than 90% of today's supercomputers run some variant of Linux.[19] The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration; typically all the underlying source code can be used, freely modified, and redistributed, both commercially and non-commercially, by anyone under licenses such as the GNU General Public License. Typically Linux is packaged in a format known as a Linux distribution for desktop and server use. Some popular mainstream Linux distributions include Debian (and its derivatives such as Ubuntu), Fedora and openSUSE. Linux distributions include the Linux kernel, supporting utilities and libraries and usually a large amount of application software to fulfill the distribution's intended use. Google Chrome OS is a Linux-based operating system designed by Google to work exclusively with web applications. Google announced the operating system on July 7, 2009 and made it an open source project, called Chromium OS, that November.[4][5] Unlike Chromium OS, which can be compiled from the downloaded source code, Chrome OS only ships on specific hardware from Google's manufacturing partners.[6] The user interface takes a minimalist approach, resembling that of the Chrome web browser. Since Google Chrome OS is aimed at users who spend most of their computer time on the Internet, the only application on the device is a browser incorporating a media player and a file manager.[4][7][8][9][10] The expected launch date for retail hardware featuring Chrome OS slipped after Google first announced the operating system: from an initial forecast date in late 2010 to June 15, 2011, when "Chromebooks" from Samsung (and then Acer in July) actually shipped