3.

30 Within a cubic unit cell, sketch the following directions: (a)

[1 10], [1 2 1], [01 2], [13 3],

(e) [1 1 1] , (f) [1 22], (g) [12 3 ], (h) [1 03].

(b) (c) (d)

Solution The directions asked for are indicated in the cubic unit cells shown below.

3.31 Determine the indices for the directions shown in the following cubic unit cell:

Solution Direction A is a [01 1 ]direction, which determination is summarized as follows. We first of all position the origin of the coordinate system at the tail of the direction vector; then in terms of this new coordinate system

x Projections Projections in terms of a, b, and c Reduction to integers Enclosure 0a 0

y b 1 not necessary [01 1 ]

z c 1

Direction B is a [ 210] direction, which determination is summarized as follows. We first of all position the origin of the coordinate system at the tail of the direction vector; then in terms of this new coordinate system x Projections Projections in terms of a, b, and c Reduction to integers Enclosure a 1 2 y
b 2
1 2

z 0c 0 0

1 [ 2 10]

Direction C is a [112] direction, which determination is summarized as follows. We first of all position the origin of the coordinate system at the tail of the direction vector; then in terms of this new coordinate system

x Projections Projections in terms of a, b, and c Reduction to integers Enclosure

a 2
1 2

y
b 2
1 2

z c 1 2

1 [112]

Direction D is a [112 ] direction, which determination is summarized as follows. We first of all position the origin of the coordinate system at the tail of the direction vector; then in terms of this new coordinate system x Projections Projections in terms of a, b, and c Reduction to integers Enclosure
a 2

y
b 2 1 2

z c 1 2

1 2

1 [112 ]

3.40 Sketch within a cubic unit cell the following planes: (a) (b) (c) (d) (01 1 ) , (112 ) , (102 ) , (13 1) , (e) (f) (g) (h) (1 11 ) , (12 2 ) , (1 23 ), (01 3 )

Solution

The planes called for are plotted in the cubic unit cells shown below.

3.42 Determine the Miller indices for the planes shown in the following unit cell:

Solution For plane A we will move the origin of the coordinate system one unit cell distance to the upward along the z axis; thus, this is a (322) plane, as summarized below.

x Intercepts Intercepts in terms of a, b, and c Reciprocals of intercepts Reduction Enclosure

a 3 1 3

y
b 2 1 2

z
c 2 1 2

2 (not necessary) (322)

For plane B we will move the original of the coordinate system on unit cell distance along the x axis; thus, this is a (1 01) plane, as summarized below.

x Intercepts Intercepts in terms of a, b, and c Reciprocals of intercepts Reduction Enclosure

a 2 1 2

y
b

z
c 2 1 2

2 1

0 0 (1 01)

2 1

Core 3.22 A) On these two directions, the spatial density and arrangement of the atoms, and thus those of the electrons, are different. B) No. The totally random polycrystalline copper behaves isotropically because different orientations of individual grains are cancelling each other.

Core 3.25

12.9 The corundum crystal structure, found for Al2O3, consists of an HCP arrangement of O2- ions; the Al3+ ions occupy octahedral positions. (a) What fraction of the available octahedral positions are filled with Al3+ ions? (b) Sketch two close-packed O2planes stacked in an AB sequence, and note octahedral positions that will be filled with the Al3+ ions.

Solution This question is concerned with the corundum crystal structure in terms of close-packed planes of anions. (a) For this crystal structure, two-thirds of the octahedral positions will be filled with Al3+ ions since there is one octahedral site per O2- ion, and the ratio of Al3+ to O2- ions is two-to-three. (b) Two close-packed O2- planes and the octahedral positions between these planes that will be filled with Al3+ ions are sketched below.

10 A) 3C E=0 Empty CB Empty CB 6H

Eg=2.2eV Eg=3.0eV Filled VB Filled VB

B) E = h = h

= (1242ev nm) /

2.2 = (1242ev nm) / 2.2ev = 565nm 3.0 = (1242ev nm) / 3.0ev = 414nm
Thus, light wavelengths between 414nm and 565 nm can only be transmitted by 6H-SiC.

11. b 12.d 13.e 14.b 15.a 16.e