SICE-ICASE International Joint Conference 2006

Oct. 18-21, 2006 in Bexco, Busan, Korea

Application of the Infrared Spectroscopy to the Medical Instruments

Yusuke Sakatal, Kentaro Arioka', Hiroaki Ishizawal, Kunihisa Nakamura2,
Hiroyuki Kanail and Toyonori Nishimatsul
Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda-city, Nagano, Japan, 386-8567
(Phone: +81-268-21-5400, E-mail: zawaggiptc.shinshu-u.acjp)
2Sakura Seiki co., LTD, 75-5 Imojiya, Chikuma-city, Nagano, Japan, 387-0015

Abstract - In the medical field, medical instruments used in the operations should be measured their purification level
after the washing and sterilization process, because it is necessary to evaluate them to be clear excellent. However, some
problems existed in a current evaluation of purification level. The qualitative and the quantitative evaluation were not
enough, and the residual detergent on them has been the other problem. Then, we examined an application of the
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to qualitative and the quantitative evaluation concerning the soil in this research.
This paper aims to propose a new evaluation of purification level.
This measurement system is able to evaluate purification level promptly and accurately. In addition, this measurement
system needs no preprocessing in every measurement. As a characteristic of measurement, anyone could use this system,
and there is not influence of individual difference.
Key Words: medical treatment, the evaluation of purification level, qualitative and the quantitative evaluation, Fourier
transform infrared rays spectroscopy measurement, the diffuse reflectance spectrum measurement

1. INTRODUCTION 2. PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT

Recently, we human beings could receive a lot of fruit
of the medical technology. For example, very clear
images of our stomach could be easily obtained and an
adequate diagnosis makes us healthier. In these medical
fields, cleanness should be verified for all instruments to
minimize the risk of the infection.
Therefore, every used instruments must be evaluated
the purity after washing and sterilization in order to
verify the adequate cleanness. Until now, evaluation of
purification level of medical instruments has been carried
out by the visual inspection, amido Black method, or
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) method [1] [2]. However,
the personal error, need of rinsing the residual chemicals
or lack of the reproducibility has not been solved in these
methods. Therefore, FT-IR measurement system
equipped with diffuse reflectance spectrum was
developed to evaluate the real medical instruments. This
study used plane sheets having ruggedness on the surface.
Based on this measuring system, qualitative and/or
quantitative evaluation of soil was studied.
When the molecule in the material receives the infrared
rays light, the molecule is absorbed specific infrared rays
light, and changes from a low state of energy to a high
state of energy. A molecular vibration is generated by the
change in this state of energy. The qualitative analysis of
the material becomes possible by measuring the infrared
absorption spectrum that attributes to this molecular
vibration. At the same time, the intensity of the
absorption peak is proportional to the density and the
optical path length of the material (Law of Lambert
-Beer). Therefore, the quantitative analysis becomes
possible by measuring the absorption spectrum, too.
3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
3.1 Experimental apparatus
This research uses a Fourier transform infrared
spectrophotometer (SHIMADZU CORPORATION: IR
Prestige-2 1). The configuration of it is shown in Fig. 1.
The infrared light is emitted from the light source and is

89-950038-5-5 98560/06/$10 © 2006 ICASE

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interfered by a Michelson interferometer, and it is sent to the system, and measured back ground spectrum.
the sample room. The diffuse reflectance spectrum
measurement was carried out in the sample room. 3.3 Partial Least Squares Regression
Attenuated interfered light from the sample room is In order to derive the adequate calibration models of the
measured by a detector. When this signal has been residual soil, PLS regression analysis was used in this
transformed by Fourier transformation, we could get an study. Spectrum data were used as the predictor, and the
absorption spectrum [3] [4]. mass difference was used as the reference value. The
successive extraction of the principle component both
r
SnSample room
Interferometer from these two variables had been carried out until the
189 Sample
residual errors F, and E reached optimal. At each
extraction process, score vector, spectral loading vector,
and chemical loading vector were recorded. The
optimum number of extraction, optimum number of the
Detector

I PLS factor was obtained by the F-test of the predicted

residual error sum of square at 9500 confident level in the
Spectrumi cross validation. It was based on the leave-one-out
Fourio rInt rferogeam method [5].
transfc
I
-atioi
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Fig. 1: Block Diagram of FT-IR
4.1 Fresh horse blood measurement
3.2 Experiment method
1.8
The diffuse reflectance spectrum measurement was
used in this reach. Measurement condition was set at E. 1.5
resolution 4cm-', accumulation 50 times, measuring
range 4000cm'1 -1000 cm-'. , 1.2
Sample preparation was carried out by following 0 0.9
process:
1. Prepare fresh horse blood in physiological saline 0.6
0
solution at 11 levels (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, and 10 0.3
percent by volume density).
0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8
By another experiment, prepare lard in physiological
saline solution at 11 levels (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, and 10 Estimated value [mg]
percent by volume density). Fig.2: Quantitative evaluation of Horse Blood
2. Drop of 50pi the solution on an uneven plane model.
And dry it naturally. As the result of the experiment in the measurement
3. Mass difference was measured by using the electronic using 88 levels of Fresh horse blood in physiological
balance, and is used as the reference chemical saline solution, and 176 spectra, PLS calibration model
remaining. was obtained. Fig.2 is the scatter diagram of the PLS
Fresh horse blood and lard were used as the model calibration model obtained in the range of 4000-1000
substance of the human soil. Fresh horse blood was cm'. The resultant correlation coefficient and
dissolved in the physiological saline. And lard was measurement accuracy was 0.860 and ±0.14mg. The
dissolved in the hexane. And, measure the correlation coefficient 0.860 could be highly significant
above-mentioned process with eight kinds of uneven in this case of the sample scale. From these result, it has
plane model. It was made by stainless, length 3cm, wide been proved that by using the diffuse reflectance
3cm, thickness 3mm. A gold coated mirror was put on spectrum measurement, the remaining soil on the

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 uneven plane model could be measured. Therefore, we The similar experiment of the using lard as a sample,
could expect the efficient estimation method to verify the using 88 levels of lard-in-hexane solutions, 176 spectra
cleanness of the medical instruments of complicated in total were measured to make calibration model. Fig.4
form. is the scatter diagram when PLS regression is analyzed
by 4000-lOOOcm'1. At this time, the correlation
The spectrum of the 000 and 1% are shown in Fig.3. coefficient 0.890 and measurement accuracy ±3.58mg
0.42mg and 0.78 mg are the reference chemical was obtained. Therefore, it is possible to measurement
remaining. In this Spectrum of 0°, 0.42mg is influence remaining dirt using lard as a sample because it could get
of solvent. The absorption peaks which can't see with a significant correlation.
spectrum of 0O are seen with 3000cm'1-2850cm'1,
1545cm'1, 1455cm'1, 1400cm'1, 1270cm'l- 1190cm' and The spectrum of the 00O and 1% are shown in Fig.5.
1190cm'1 -1140cm-' with a spectrum of I1%. The absorption peaks which can't see with a spectrum of
Therefore, because the absorption peak of the fresh 0O are seen with 2920cm-1, 2850cm-1, 1750cm'1, 1460
horse blood is seen on the spectrum at the arrow of Fig.3, cm'i and 1160cm'1 with a spectrum of 1%. As well as
there could be a detection limit with this method in less fresh horse blood measurement these absorption peaks
than 0.78mg. And, this measurement limit is about the are the peak of the lard to be consistent with the
same as the technique except that it is reported. wavenumber of the main absorption peaks of the lard.
Fresh horse blood 0% 0.42[mgj
1545 Lard 0% * * 0.1 6[mg]
Fresh horse blood 1%* 0.78[mg]
0.6 /1455 Lard 1% .3.86[mgj
1.6
0.5 2850 1.4 2850
O 1.2
1750
0 .4 (. 1
2920/
0.3 C 0.8
70 1460 1160
[00
c, 0.2
0- 1 1270 n
U, 0.4
0.24--
4 * pA(
/XXoo,
_
.0
o
<0.1 1190 0
0
-0. 00 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000

-0.140[00
3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1 00 -0.4
Wave number[cm-11
Wave number[cm-1
Fig.5: Qualitative evaluation of Lard
Fig.3: Qualitative evaluation of Horse Blood
It makes clear that it is possible in this range to analyze
the lipid dirt on the uneven plane model. At the same
4.2 Lard measurement time, it was proved that it is excellent in the
reproducibility when using other sample.
30
The time to get a spectrum is about two minutes in this
M R=0.89C0 experiment. This time is the shortest time among the
20
usual methods. In the measurement, only put sample on
a)
the sample room. From this, it is clear that measurement
t** *00¢tv
a) 0~~~~~ * a
>* '**

could be done very easily.

a) 10 $ Moreover, even if more than one remaining dirt exists,
it is possible to do the quantitative evaluation of each dirt
by using a PLS regression with the each optimum
un spectrum transformation and optimum wave number
0 10 20 30
range. Therefore, it could detect each dirt component,
Estimated value [mg]
such as a protein, blood so on coexist with the lipid dirt.
Fig.4: Quantitative evaluation of Lard Consequently, this method has many advantages, it is
excellent method. Therefore, it could be proposed as new

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measurement method of remaining dirt would meet a
requirement in the medical field.

5. CONCLUSION

The main results of this paper are as follows.

(I)We developed measurement system by the diffuse
reflectance spectrum measurement, and it could be
shown the possibility of the evaluation of the
remaining soil on the medical instruments of
complicated form.
(2)It is possible that the same or better measurement
accuracy of other techniques are reported at present.
(3)This measurement method could be done more easily
and very quickly than other method.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for 21st

Century COE Program by the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology.

REFERENCES

[1] Ryo Fushimi et al. "Japanese Society of Medical

Instrumentation" vol.73, No.4 pp214, (2003) IEEE
Reference
[2] Ryo Fushimi et al. "Importance of Precision control
in Cleaning, Japanese Society of Medical
Instrumentation" vol.74, No.9 pp445-450, (2004)
[3]Y. Sakata et al. "Application of the Infrared Fiber
Probe Method to the Medical Instruments", Proceedings
of the 48th JIDO SEIGYO RENGO of SICE, (2005),
pp.517-520
[4] Shouhei Koyama et al."Measurement of Remaining
Dirt in Medical Instrument Based on IR Spectroscopy
and Cone-Shaped Mirror Reflectance", proceedings of
the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology
Conference (IMTC2005), pp.2254-2257(2005)
[5] Tetsuro Aijima "Chemometrics (new analytic
chemistry)" Maruzen Corporation, pp98-118, (1992)

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