Chapter 5 Using Newtons Laws

This Semester Mechanics

Kinematics description of motion (Ch. 2-3)
Dynamics forces and acceleration (Ch 4-5)
Energy (Ch 6-7)
Systems of Particles (Ch 9)
Oscillations (Ch 13)
Gravity (Ch 8)
Rotation (Ch 10-11)
Question
An object is moving with a constant velocity.
Which statement MUST be true?

A) The net force on the object is zero.
B) A net force is acting on the object, in the
direction of motion.
C) No forces are acting on the object.
D) An even number of forces are acting on the
object
Question
If you were to move into outer space far from any
stellar objects

A) your mass would change, but your weight
would not change.
B) both your weight and mass would change.
C) your weight would change, but your mass
would not change.
D) neither your weight nor your mass would
change.

Question
An object is moving to the right in a straight line.
The net force acting on the object is also directed
to the right, but the magnitude of the force is
decreasing with time. The object will:

A) stop and then begin moving to the left.
B) continue to move to the right, with its speed
decreasing with time.
C) continue to move to the right with a constant
speed.
D) continue to move to the right, with its speed
increasing with time.
Question
A person gives a shopping cart an initial push to get it
moving, then lets go. The cart travels forward along the
floor, gradually slowing down as it moves. Which of the
following is true while the cart is slowing down?
A) Both a forward and a backward force are acting on the
cart, but the backward force is larger.
B) Only a backward force is acting, no forward force.
C) Only a forward force is acting which diminishes with
time.
D) Both a forward and a backward force are acting on the
cart, but the forward force is larger.
Question
Which is the correct FBD for Mass #2 (No
Friction)?
m=2 kg
M=1 kg
30 degrees
How does Friction behave?
Direction of force of friction always opposes
motion
Friction proportional to the Normal Force
Simulation
http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?s
im=Forces_in_1_Dimension

Friction
Static Friction


Kinetic Friction


In general,

What are the units of ?




- coefficient of static friction
s s N
s
f F

s
- coefficient of kinetic friction
k k N
k
f F

=
S k
>
Friction
The coefficient is determined by the two
surfaces in contact
The force of friction does not depend on the
area of contact, just the force pushing the two
surfaces together.
These are empirical laws
Empirical=Relying on or derived from
observation or experiment
Question
Is it easier to push or pull a sled if there is
friction?




A) Easier to push
B) Easier to pull
C) Same either way
Question
Is it easier to push or pull a sled if there is
friction?
Cars
s k
s k
so
F F
>
>
What type of friction is there between the tires
of a car and the road, static or kinetic?

Why are antilock brakes a good idea in car?
You can stop faster! (Also keep better control)
Example
A force is exerted on a block as shown below.
The coefficient of static friction is 0.58. Will the
block move?
10 kg
20 N
Example continued
Now apply a force of 70 N. What will the
acceleration of the block be? Assume
10 kg
70 N
.58
S K
= =
Problem
A driver locks his brakes and the car skids to a
stop. The
k
= 0.70, and the cars initial speed
was 30 m/s. What is the stopping distance?
Problem
A man pulls a sled and child with a combined mass
of 20.0 kg. If he exerts a force of 50.0 N at an angle
of 30.0 degrees, and
k
= 0.20, what is the
acceleration of the sled?
Problem
A block is given an initial velocity up an incline
of -30 m/s, and
k
= 0.3. How far up the incline
will the block travel?
V=-30 m/s
30
o
Uniform Circular Motion
Magnitude of the velocity
is constant. Only the
direction is changing.
TOP VIEW
What is the direction of the
acceleration?
1
v
2
v
2
v
1
v
2 1
v v
Acceleration is
directed to the
center of the
circle
What is the magnitude of the
instantaneous acceleration?
2
v
1
v
2 1
v v v A =
l arc length A =
u A

l v
r v
u u
A A
A = A ~

v l v l
v
v r r
A A A
~ A ~
2
0 0
lim lim
t t
v v l v
a
t r t r

A A
= = =
A A
Uniform Circular Motion
2
acceleration
v
a
r
=
Period (T, measured in seconds)
Frequency (f, measured in revolutions/s, or hertz)
1
T
f
=
2

r
velocity v
T
t
=
Example
A rock on a string is swung around with a
period of .50 s. The radius of the circle is 1.0
meters. What is the magnitude and direction of
the acceleration of the rock?
Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion
The direction of the radial or
centripetal acceleration is
towards the center of the
circle.
So, by Newtons second law,
the sum of the forces acting
on the object must be in a
direction towards the center
of the circle and be given by:
2
net
v
F ma m
r
= =
But isnt there a force out?
Called the centrifugal (center-fleeing) force
Doesnt really exist! It is really just because of
inertia and Newtons 3
rd
Law
How fast can a car take a turn without
sliding out?
Assume the
coefficient of static
friction is 0.7, and the
radius of the turn is
15 m.
A ball on a string
A ball with mass 0.50 kg swings on a 0.75 m long
rope with an angle of 50 degrees. What is the
tension in the string and the speed of the ball?
A ball on a string
How does the Gravitron work?
What is the minimum coefficient of static friction
so that a person will not fall? Assume the
radius of the ride is 2.0 m, and when the floor
drops out, the ride is rotating at 1.1 revolutions
per second.
Gravitron Continued