Chaptei one: The Natuie of Community

uevelopment
O commoolty opmot
4 MeLhod of organlslng for soclal and pollLlcal change
4 ased on a seL of prlnclples for collecLlve lnvolvemenL ln Lhe ways LhaL we organlse
our llves
4 mporLanL Lo undersLand lessons of hlsLory do noL necessarlly apply Lo
conLemporary conLexLs
4 ;uesL for processes and sLrucLures ensure LhaL people who are affecLed by
declslons have collecLlve ownershlp and conLrol of and responslblllLy for Lhose
declslons and LhaL Lhey are based on muLual respecL and LrusL and sharlng of
knowledge ldeas and resources
4 ased on undersLandlng LhaL communlLles can also be resourced and faclllLaLed by
governmenLs sLaLuLory bodles and prlvaLe lnsLlLuLlons
O LarLlng polnL for communlLy developmenL ls Lhe assumpLlon LhaL all communlLles
O need for emanclpaLory pollLlcs noL concerned wlLh Lhe llnear paLh Lo flnal ends buL Lhe
conLlnuous mulLldlmenslonal processes
key tbemes
O formal organlsaLlons
O common lnLeresLs
O glven more conLrol of aspecL of Lhelr llves
O sharlng of lnformaLlon skllls and resources
O communlLy developmenL encompasses more Lhan Lhe LradlLlonal ldea of homogeneous
geographlcally based communlLles
O ldea of subs|d|ar||y power should be devolve ln Lhe grassrooLs so LhaL declslons are made
ln a boLLomup raLher Lhan a Lopdown manner
O lrsL 'welfare should be organlsed around and conLrolled by selfgovernlng assoclaLlons
conslsLenL wlLh Lhe effecLlve governance of Lhe affalrs ln quesLlon'
O LrengLhenlng Lhe prlnclple of subsldlarlly requlres sLrucLural and lnsLlLuLlonal changes
4 equlres Lhe deepenlng of democraLlc pollLlcs
O ommunlLy work developmenL need Lo redress Lhe lmbalance of power beLween groups ln
socleLy
O ommunlLy developmenL encourages Lhe developmenL of resources skllls and
opporLunlLles for ordlnary people
4 nvolves aLLempLs Lo overcome communlLy fragmenLaLlon and lsolaLlon by provldlng
opporLunlLles for parLlclpaLlng ln communlLy acLlvlLles and programs
O ommunlLy developmenL people can and should Lake more collecLlve conLrol and
ownershlp of Lhelr resources and Lhelr fuLure dlrecLlons
O wnershlp and conLrol ls faclllLaLed by esLabllshlng supporLlve communlLles based on
developlng and sharlng resources soclal parLlclpaLlon and muLual supporL acLlvlLles
O ommunlLy developmenL prlnclples are lnvolved ln grassrooLs pro[ecLs and campalgns
communlLy developmenL acLlvlLles are noL necessarlly parL of a formal pro[ecL
O ase shows role of communlLy developmenL ls Lo help communlLles Lo ldenLlfy sLrengLhs
pro[ecLs lssues and needs
bared context
O d workers are sub[ecL Lo very pollLlcal soclal and economlc sysLems
O ommunlLy developmenL acLlvlLles do noL Lake place ln a vacuum
O key alms of cd ls Lo bulld sLrucLures LhaL faclllLaLe parLlclpaLlon ln declslon maklng aL all
levels of soclal developmenL
4 equlres processes Lo be esLabllshed LhaL enable a communlLy Lo have access Lo and
democraLlc conLrol of knowledge resources and power sLrucLures
O cd ls based on a commlLmenL Lo Lhe empowermenL of ordlnary people LhaL Lhey have real
opLlon for Lhelr fuLure
O raLlonal for cd lnLervenLlons ls Lo alLer Lhe way Lhlngs are done ln general and Lo change
Lhe sLrucLures of socleLy
4 ommunlLy d nLervenes ln Lhe processes of soclal change and developmenL Lo
lnlLlaLe forms of soclal organlsaLlon LhaL are senslLlve Lo soclal [usLlce lssues and Lhe
collecLlve needs of communlLles
O d lnLervenLlons alm Lo change Lhe way groups of people relaLe Lo each oLher and Lo Lhelr
physlcal hablLaL
O ased on Lhe ldea of a beLLer and muLually enrlchlng socleLy re[ecLs an emphasls on
lndlvldual compeLlLlon for wealLh sLaLus and power and unllmlLed explolLaLlon of Lhe
naLural envlronmenL
O karl Marx humans are producLlve soclal and creaLlve belngs who enLer lnLo relaLlonshlps
wlLh oLher humans ln order Lo produce Lhelr world
4 uman capaclLles are besL nurLured ln socleLles whlch Lhey can be susLalned
physlcally
O ollecLlve endeavour ls faclllLaLed when people have collecLlve conLrol of socleLy's resources
and can dellberaLe and negoLlaLe raLlonally when Lhere ls dlsagreemenL and confllcL
enerating social capital
O oclal caplLal hlghllghL Lhe role of communlLy organlsaLlons ln socleLy and poslLlve
conLrlbuLlon of communlLy developmenL
O oclocoplto way LhaL cerLaln Lypes of soclal relaLlonshlps are beneflclal Lo soclal coheslon
and soclal developmenL
4 uch relaLlonshlp ls based on LrusL muLuallLy sharlng and cooperaLlve efforL
O CeneraLe neLworks of people prepared Lo work LogeLher and acL LogeLher generaLlng
solldarlLy as well as greaLer LrusL and muLuallLy
efining community development
O ommunlLy developmenL as a meLhod of empowerlng communlLles Lo Lake collecLlve
conLrol and responslblllLles for Lhelr own developmenL
O LffecLlve conLrol developmenL of ongolng sLrucLures and processes by whlch communlLles
can ldenLlfy develop and address Lhelr own sLrengLhs lssues needs and problems wlLhln
Lhelr own Lerms of reference
O LffecLlve communlLy conLrol requlres adequaLe resources lnc lncome maLerlal resources
and knowledge and sLrong skllls base
erminology
O commoolty broad usage group of people who share a communlLy ldenLlLy whlch mlghL be
based on geographlc locaLlon class or eLhnlc background or speclal lnLeresL
4 1radlLlonally Lerm refers Lo group of people lnvolved ln faceLoface relaLlons
4 nLerconnecLedness of all llfe on Lhe planeL ldea of communlLy has exLended Lo
groups of people who share an ldenLlLy and lnLeresL across reglons and naLlonal
borders neLworked as vlrLual communlLles
O opmot generlc Lerm change ln general
4 oclal conLexL seen as soclal evoluLlonary framework dlrecLlon of change Lo be
Lowards lncreaslng dlfferenLlaLlon and complexlLy and lnLegraLlon of Lhe parLs of
socleLy LhaL enable conLlnulng adapLaLlon Lo changlng condlLlons
4 nLervenLlons ln dlfferenL socleLles LhaL are propelled by Lhe deslre Lo apply sclence
and Lechnology and neollberal economlc Also refers Lo managlng Lhe changes
arlslng from such appllcaLlons
O CouleL 'amblgulLy of Lhe Lerm hlghllghLlng how lL can refer elLher Lo a process or Lo cerLaln
ob[ecLlves
O dea of developmenL as a process Lends Lo emphaslse Lhe lmporLance of quanLlflcaLlon and
Lhe use of sLaLlsLlcal lndlcaLor such as lncomes llLeracy raLes and producLlvlLy Lo
demonsLraLe Lhe exLenL of developmenL ln a communlLy or a naLlon
O 2
nd
ldea of developmenL llnear cumulaLlve process ro[ect of modern|ty
O 3
rd
ldea Laklng a wesLern caplLallsL ldea of progress or growLh as Lhe benchmark for
developmenL ls eLhnocenLrlc
4 ommunlLy developmenL recognlses Lhe effecLs of a nalve falLh ln Lhe beneflLs of
developmenL as unresLralned economlc growLh
4 fe explalns how growLh can be slmply equaLed wlLh quanLlLaLlve changes such as
geLLlng blgger whlle human developmenL can be connecLed wlLh quallLaLlve change
4 onLrasL beLween Lhe ldea of developmenL as economlc growLh and Lhe ldea of
developmenL as Lhe sLrengLhenlng of human relaLlonshlps
O 4
Lh
ldea
4 WesLern naLlons conLlnue Lo lmpose sLrucLures and ways of dolng Lhlngs LhaL are
presenLed Lo be Lhe lnLeresL of Lhose who are powerless
O 3
Lh
ldea hlsLory of developmenL pro[ecLs ls a hlsLory of lnLervenLlon by ouLslders ln Lhe ways
LhaL a group of people do Lhlngs
4 usually ln a Lopdown manner ofLen compleLely lgnorlng Lhe sLrengLhs resources
skllls and experLlse ln Lhe reclplenL communlLy
O 6
Lh
ldea
4 ow Lo dlscern Lhe bases upon whlch a [udge deslrable change or developmenL LhaL
ln Lhe pasL has been known as 'progress'
4 lacLors LhaL are Laken as lndlcaLors of progress ln a socleLy
WesLern economlc benchmark
Cross naLlonal producL
ncrease ln number of consumer goods avallable
uecllne ln crlme raLe
ncrease ln a communlLy selfsufflclency
ncrease ln equallLy of opporLunlLy
ncrease ln adequaLe houslng
uecrease ln occurrence of raclal confllcL
O noLlon of developmenL based on ldeas of a good and fulfllllng llfe
4 key ldeas LhaL are embodled ln Lhe concepL of humanness and human fulfllmenL
4 1hree core values (CouleL)
Access Lo nourlshlng food food healLh shelLer and proLecLlon
elf esLeem bellef ln one's own value sense of worLh and selfrespecL
lreedom from servlLude havlng real cholces ln one's llfe
O 1odaro Lhree key ob[ecLlves of developmenL are Lo lncrease Lhe avallablllLy and wlden Lhe
dlsLrlbuLlon of basls llfesusLalnlng goods such as food and shelLer Lo ralse Lhe level of llvlng
lncludlng greaLer aLLenLlon Lo culLural values as well as hlgher lncomes and more [obs Lo
expand Lhe range of economlc and soclal cholces ln socleLy
O uevelopmenL ls abouL expandlng Lhe cholces people have Lo lead llves Lhey value
O eal freedom musL lnvolve capablllLles LhaL enable people Lo do and be whaL Lhey wanL
O uevelopmenL ls a maLLer of ellmlnaLlng Lhe obsLacles Lo freedom