Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
3~ Coorse Tutor
6~ Part 2
- • Global social problems
-War
- PQverly
- EndemIc hunger
- Environmental degradation
- Social alienation and symbolic violence
1~Part3
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• Modem traditions of resistance and protest to injustices of modernity
• Global anti-systemic movements
• Human historical solutions to human historical problems
8~ Course Objectives
• Deeper understanding of gk>bal roots and global consequences of the
major social problems facing human beingstoday.
• Deeper understanding of globalizationas a political process of social and
historical conflict and change
9 ~ Contradictions
• Deeper understanding of the social contradictions of the global culture of
capitalism
• Deeper understanding of the consequences of these contradictions for
otdinary people and how they both live these contradictions and protest
against resulting Injustices as well
10 ~ Course Requirements
• MIdterm Exam 30%
on Odober 9th
13 ~l 269 Course·Pack
• Available at bookstore
• ·Containa course syllabus &schedute
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• Readings
• Supplementary lecture notes
• Temi Paper Guidelines
• VariousTermPaperResources
• You wilt definitely need it
14~ Exams
• Short Essay Fonnat
• On Text Book and Lectures
• CUmulative
15 ~ Term Paper
Contradictions of the CultUre of Capitalism: A Comparative Case Study
16 ~ Course Policies
• Grade Adjustment Policy on Written Work
• Submission and Late Policy
• Hoi. Policy
• Deferred Cou_ Requirements
11 ~ Registered?
18 ~ Plagiarism and Cheating
DoII'tdolt
20 ~ For NextClass:
• Read from the course pack:
• "The Height of COmmitment"
• "Modemity--yesterday, today, tomorrow"
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21 ~ Modernity
The culture of capitalism
25~ When?
• Question debated.
• HftJtoricat emergence of capitalism:
- 7th.C. to 19th. C.
• Modernity: the culture of capitalism
- 1492 earliest
- late 10th C.
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- Globalization & postmodemity
28 § Terminology
• Modernity?
• Modernization?
• Modernism?
29 ~ Modernity
The culture of capitalism
31 ~ Modernism
• A movement in the arts and literature
- Late 19th! earty 20th century
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• Any modern 'sm ie. Ideology
• Ideas and arguments that celebrate the bad new days instead of the good
old days.
32 ~ Modernity
"I forget what I am and who I belong to 8
.
33 ~ Modernity
•All that is SOlid Melts Into Air"
K Marx (18l1O's)
34 ~ Modernity
'We ourselves area kind of chaos 8
F. Nietzche (188O'a)
35 ~ Modem Identities
• Externat confticts with others
• Inner ~ with self
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37 (!@ contradiction
• Logical contradiction:
·pisnotp
38 ~ Social contradiction
• Modemity: -a unity of disunity"
• Another example:
- A contradiction between what one claims and how one acts
40 I]§] Questions
• can you spot a contradiction?
• What makes the story told in BaUot Measure 9 a characteristic story of
modemity?
• How would you characterize the conflicts depicted by the documentary?
41 ~ Terminology
• Modemity?
• Modernization?
• Modernism?
42 [§ Modernity
The culture of capitalism
44 ~ Modemism
• A movement in the arts and literature
- Late19th! early 20th century
• Any modem -Ism- Ie. Ideology
• Ideas and arguments that celebrate the bad new days instead of the good
old days.
45 ~ Ballot Measure 9
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- How would you characterize the conflicts depicted by the documentary?
- What makes the story told in Ballot Measure 9 a characteristic story of
modernity?
- Can you spot a contradiction?
471]ID Othering
- The dehumanization of a group allowing the use of violence against them
and/or allowing their unjust treatment or their exclusion
52 ~ Social contradiction
- Modernity: "a unity of disunity"
-Another example:
- A con~ between what one claims and how one ads
53 ~ Mediation
- A mediation is anything that relates
- One person to another
- One groupto another
- An event to another
- A process to another
- An idea to another
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• Playing fields oughtto be level
58 ~ Modern Identities
• The consumer
• The labourer
• The capitalcontroller
• The national-citizen
59 ~ The consumer
Transfonnationof self-reliant, frugal homesteader into credit card debt holder
63 ~ Commodity Fetishism
• In a society where commodity production is the dominantform of
production. therewill be a strong tendency for people to judge and value
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each other in tenns·of.the commodities they possess ratherthan other
attributes of character
ontradiction of consumption
• You consume in order to express your individuality in order to confonn and
belong
• Or vice versa
66 § The Labourer
Or wage dependent
67 ~ 2 accounts of power
Exploitation
Power in Motion
68 ~ Mode of (re-)Production
• Hunting &gathering
• Swiddenagriculture
• Nomadic pastoralism
• SetUed agriculture
• CapitaHsm
69 ~ Mode of (re-)productlon
• Whafs inside the Black Box of the global economy?
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• Ecological knowledge
• Sociological knowledge
71 ~ Cycle of Reproduction
Capitalist mode of reproduction
72 [§ Commodity
• Something made to be sold on the market: capital & consumer goods
• (money)
• (labour power)
• (land)
74 ~ Labour Power
Your human potantial in and through Interactions with (second) nature
15 ~ labour power
Asocial power to make based in knowledge, technique and cooperation
. n§ Class Exptoitation
• Why would people sell their labourpower?
- B-.lhey must
- They __ been ALIENATED flom l\llIUlll (bolIl finIt l\llIUlllMdI8COfld 118kn)
• C8pitaI OOidlollert hIM property rights oversecond natul'e secured by the state
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78 ~ Class exploitation
Exercise of power by oneclass overanother based on separation from
productive accessto nature
79 @] Alienation
• HistoricaOy,separation from nature achieved by force
- State power
- Private armies
- Frontier zones
- Removal of people & ecological destruction
-Mobile
-S8gmented
-DisclpIned
- Militant
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- Less public spending
• -Favourable investment climate-
8S ~ Contradiction 1
• Wage dependents cooperate with each other in the production process
• But compete with each other in the labour market
86 [gJ Contradiction 2
• M-C-M' cycle:
• Rule 1: Repeat the cycle
• Rule 2: Innovate
87 ~ Contradiction 3
• Products produced socially through cooperation
• Once produced It is private property
88 ~ Contradiction 4
• M wage dependent youwantyour wage to go up
• M coneumer youwant-pric:es to come down
• M proprietor of ceplIaI you wantwages to go down
• M purwyof of commodllles you want consumers wtth dIspoaabIe Income
89 ~ Contradiction 5
• As partner of the production process:
- You want to obtain the inputs of productlon:
• 1st d1ok:e: Plunder
• 2nd d1oloe: In a competitive market at the lowest prices If plunder too difficult
- You want to sell your products under conditions of monopoly
90 ~ Class Conflicts
4 fold competition
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• For money (investment capital)
94 ~ Between localities
• Nation-states & communities compete with each other to attract capital
investment
• Compete to provide the best investment climate
• Join "Race to the bottom"
9S~
96~
97 ~ Who is Counting?
Based on Marilyn Waring's book
If Women Counted
• What are the main dlffenInt senses with which lhe word "value" is commonlyused?
• can.lhe8e dlffenInt senses of the word be reconciled? What does this polysemy tell us about
contemporary social life?
• What are lhe defining features of lhe United Nations System of NationalAccounts?How does it assign
value to human endeavours?
• Whatare MarilynWaring's criticIstrni of lhe way the gIobat ma/t(et system detemlineslhe value of human
endeavours?
99~
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A social institution
105.[§] 3 Perspectives
On the market from the industrial revolution on
109[§ FemandBraudel
.
" Market as historicallydeveloped over a long time iss triple layer cake
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110 ~ 3 layers of the market
• Capitalist anti-market
113 ~ Guidelines
• Steps outlined in course pack
• Not every question listed will be relevant to your project
• You must judge
• Ask for help .
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• Requirespoflticization of a situation
• Group or collectively mediated
• Needto maprelations of political forces
• (Hegemonic Bloc)
122 @] In conflict
with wage dependents
123 [f@ Anatomy of the Class of Wage Dependents
• mobile
• segmented
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• disciplined
• resistance
- class struggle and struggle for hegemony
125 ~ Discipline
- Suppress or regulate wage dependent's potitical organizations
- Regulate & restrict emigration & immigration
• hold labour power capIIve to national labour markets (partial monopoly)
- Enforce compulsions for work
- Enforce labour standards
126 ~ Segmentation
- Reproduce segmentation of workers
• Patri8rchic Nationalism
• Olhering Ie. racism. sexism etc.
• DIvide and nJIe strategy
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• Multicultural Canada? WhiteCanada?
• Regional Alienation
• First Nationsnationalism, Quebecois nationalism
-e Iftd II\VlIUl_ _ ~
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138 ~Class & Hegemonic Struggle
• PolIk:aI . . . . ~ ha¥edetermined the global cIsIribuIfon of:
• Jobs (access 10 naIUnt: Place In the machinafy of global proc:Iudlon)
• Wage 1ItYet t:A jobs
• What poIIIicatrighta(if any) .... linked to a job (human presence In re-produdion proc;ess)
1421~ICoI1sequences of Colonialism
• SUmm8ty
-Wille~
- Compradct·eIte·dass
- Reeeun:e eJCfnIction
- Aaltfation agAcuIture
- 0Id·1ech limited indUsIri8Iizati
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1'14 ~ Import Substitution Industrialization
• Consequences
- Protected national class of industrialists
- Limited national independence based on old tech industrialization
- Natkmal exploitation of wage dependence
- Some welfare state like social security
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- CoIIed .... ,...lhIIn produce
- Holddebt oIlIIglIlioM l1Ilheflhlln money
- e-nodIfy~
- F_lIDw of'"
- PrivIIlIa eYelything
& goods lICIOU bolders
- Use mcll. . . . . til SflMd up "dclwrMW spinIr'
151 ~ Neo-colonialism
- Pre-1945 direct political domination (empires) replaced by economic dependence of
periphery on core
-Net low of weaIIh from periphery to core mirrored by migration
- New hegemOnic bIocs:~· elites in core and periphery in votatfle alliances
- 0eveI0pment ofundenJevelopmellt
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156 ~ Social Agency
• Social capital: cooperation
• Political capital: deepening & widening democratic participation in decision
making (resouroeaHocation)
• Access to sociat and political capital
• Time feeding and caring for families and surplustime
159 @] Agency
• Natund C8pIt8I: EcotYIfefl'l's Wealth
• Soda! c.pIIaI: Power of cooperation
• Besed in trust8Ild l1'K:ipRx;lty built Into many kinds of institutionsand organfzaIOn$
• Llmltto agency in needing to reinvent the wheel
·PollIcal'"
• 0eepenMg 8ttd widening demOcracy
160 ~ Agency
• Natural C8pitaI
• Social Capital
• Political Capital
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163 @ID Some Questions
• Limits to consumption?
• What prevents people from acting as citizens?
• Why and how are we isolated?
• What are the sources of the power of corporations?
• What is an effective strategy?
- PublIc COIJlIlllnInl D ea r.
- 0Iher_ 01.-.-.. and lIOd8lSlHlS
1lInIam
14i6@]Modes of Agency
- Bector8IpoIiticaI parties
- SodaIMoYements and their poIitk:aI organizations
- Religk)u$, cuIturIII organizations, & otherngos and affinity groups
- wont related or professional networ1<s
- Convnunity leagues & civic associations
-Media, schools, the arts
1... ~ Strategies
• Movements of 1848:
- G8in state power (revolution or reform)
• Movements of 1968
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- Cultural revolution (the personalis political, human rights)
• Today?
- Search for a new mode of production?
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- Irrigation Agriculture
- Plow AgriclJllure
- IndustrialC8pita1ized Agriculture
in [§ Swidden Agriculture
• Temporary plots "stashed and burned" in a moving path through forests
• 1 to 3 years of use, abandaned to fallow or replanted with useful trees and
shrubs (fruits, medicines)optimized to attract game
• HorticultUre is biodiverse
• .Swidden agrioutture: 1 to 11
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• Plough agricuftUre: 1 to 4.3
• Industrial agricutture: 1 to 3.5
RobbIns, p. 181
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- Food distribution through matritineal kin
- Making and seIIlng beer & some wage work
- Husbands and children's wages
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• Ignofe aR institutional arrangements, motivations and behaviours that have sources in the human
oondltion o1her lhan the drive to accumulate money
• Recall Marilyn Waring's aitlcism of GOP based poIicy-making
1981§ Hegemony
• Commonintereatsof Brazilian and core elites:
- AcoMa to an IMIflIIta for expor1I
- '--"*'*.... glInIlIIIIy but _ high ~ jobs fn:Im fonllgn lnve*nent
- HigIlly prolIlable in-ment oppor1Uniliesfor Br8zilian capIlal in COOl (u.s.) asseta and linencial instruments
• Common intetestd Brazilian middle class & elites? BrazJIlan poor & mlddte class?
200 ~ Counter-hegemony?
• Can the woMs poor communlcate to definetheir common interests?
• WI! middledaI8eI "fDIow" (focaIIglobaI)elites?
• WIt U.S. lose hegemonicleadership gIobaIy to Europeand Russia?To China pIu8othefs?
• WI! periphM'af .... fonn a regional power bloc (China & others; BnazIt. India & others)?
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- Nudeation·ofextended families
- IndusIriaIZatiOn
-SAPs
• Fit I dom from huIblInda end faIhers to dependence on men who domlnaIe states, corporations and
eoonomIc lnItItuIont (SAPs)
201~1 SEWA
• SeIf..ErnpIo)teWomen'a AtaociIllkln
• 0fpnlDIi0n of women WOItcing in InformlIIsector(ClIIUaI dey with no IeglIl protedions)
• Convelvenee otl8bOur mowment. women"
movement and coopII ~
·BulldsuniDMand COClfJ8I'IIIYM
• Founded In. 1972. cunnt membenIhlp: 700,000 women (wodd'l ...... coopenltive)
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• From Conquest to 1970's
• Classless society
• Men and women both participate in agroforestry
• Political leadership based on persuasion
• Wealth in Ieisufe time
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ecosystem and people
• Organochlorides
• Heavy metals (esp. mercury)
• RadionucIides
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- .........lnlofttIIIftlricIIlPlllf*1lve (not only. an .-.t tlut.... - - . . weI). the emet'IJIIllOe of
modem -ant 8) . . . . . . SOCiIIIIllO¥M**
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229 ~ Anti-systemic movements?
• Ne these anti-systemlc movements?
- F8SClIm?
- F~lllIlism?
- MiIenat'iInl8m?
- R8c:lsm?
- Does eYely kindof 18sistance. PfOlBst" conlIlct iii the lheoly?
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