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Bus Rapid Transits Relation to Clean Transport for the Urban Poor

John Ernst, Vice Director Institute for Transportation and Development Policy
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Outline
What is BRT? BRT & Pedestrians BRT & Bicycles Challenges of the Motorcycle

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BRT Features

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Jakarta BRT

Instran photo
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Stations
Stations feature payment before entering, matching platform and bus floor height for faster loading.

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PrePre-board fare collection


Turnstiles use contactless smart card technology, with the potential for use in other modes such as normal buses, commuter rail, and paratransit

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buses must pull close to fixed platform

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Political Will the key to BRT


Jakarta Governor Sutiyoso made the BRT a personal project.

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Jakartas BRT passes jammed traffic. Political will is needed to keep private vehicles out of the BRT lane. Jakartas Governor publicly criticized Indonesias Vice-President for taking his motorcade on the busway. The Vice-President apologized and has not used it again.
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Marketing a New Image for Bus Travel

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School children are shown how to use the new BRT system.
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Previous mode used by Jakarta BRT Passengers


Motorcycle 6% Private Car 14% Paratransit 0% Bajaj (3wheeled taxi) 1% Taxi 5% Walking 6% Airconditioned (AC) Bus 32%

Train 1%

Non-AC Bus 35%

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Jakarta Busway Emission Reductions

Pollutant

NOx

PM 7.1

CO 0.15

HC 2.3

CO2 61

KTons/Year 0.56

ITDP Indonesia BRT Factsheet April 2008


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Manila MRT
For BRT or MRT, fare level determines subsidy amount and service level

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Manila MRT Ticket Queues

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BRT Passengers are Pedestrians

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Early Blok M Terminal Design Jakarta BRT

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Kota terminal alighting & boarding

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Pedestrian facilities

Jakarta followed Bogot's model to build wheelchair accessible ramps, but they add 2 minutes walking time to and from the station The primary pedestrian route from the central train station to Kota busway terminal; at-grade pedestrian crossings were not improved.
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BRT Pedestrian Interface


Jakarta support pillars for new pedestrian connection to BRT station

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Pedestrians Have Been Neglected

Jakarta bus stop

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Ahmedabad - near bus station

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Cebu pedestrian crossing

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Sidewalk - Cebu

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Pedestrian Facile-ity? Facile-

Guangzhou

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Sidewalk - Cebu

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Guadalajara BRT Ped-Xing Ped-

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Quito BRT Station & Ped Space

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Jakarta Modal Split by Income


Low Income
Nonmotoriz ed 53% Motor cycletaxi; other 3% Private Car 2% Private motor cycle 10%

Mid-Income
12% 31% 16%

Motor cycletaxi; other 2% Train 1%

Nonmotorize d 15%

High Income

Private Car 45% Private motor cycle 11%

Bus 31% Train 1%

3% 1% 37%

Bus 26%

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Manila Pedestrian Space

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Bogot Sidewalks First

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Bogot Sidewalks & Bike First

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Green Bus Shelter - Bangkok

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AtAt-Grade Crossing - Guangzhou

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Yogyakarta Ped Crossing

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Jakarta BRT & Car Free Day

KPBB Photo
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Yogya Kampung Bicyclist

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BRT Station Bike Parking - Bogot

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Antwerp Belgium bike parking

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Motorcycles

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Motorcycles & Pollution

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Cebu Motorcycle vs. Ped

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Motorcycle Taxi v Bus Passenger

Jakarta Post
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Sidewalk Motorcycle Parking Yogyakarta

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Challenges & Opportunities


BRT raises profile of pedestrian needs by
elevating status of public transport Unequal treatment of rich and poor is shown visibly on streets Politics controls quality of BRT and of BRT service Can BRT be built to meet the needs of rich and poor? Should there be a luxury class compartment on a BRT bus? If government does not control public space, the private sector will. Can or should we work with the informal governance sector?

www.itdp.org
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