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IGRP
Prepared by Mayez Hassan

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

IGRP features
IGRP is a distance vector routing protocol that measure distances to compare routes. It sends routing updates every 90 seconds using bandwidth, delay, load, reliability as metrics.

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

29/09/08

Metric = [ K1 * Bandwidth + (K2 * Bandwidth)/(256-load) + K3*Delay ]*[K5/(reliability + K4)]

Les valeurs par dfaut des constantes sont K1 = K3 = 1 and K2 = K4 = K5 = 0.

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

IGRP routes

IGRP is a classful protocol, which means it doesnt include any subnet information about the network with the route information.
Mayez Hassan 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

29/09/08

Three types of routes are recognized by IGRP: Interior routes: are networks directly connected to a router interface. System routes: are advertised by other IGRP neighbors within the same autonomous system. Exterior routes: are learned via IGRP from a different AS number, which provide information used by the router to set the gateway of last resort. The gateway of last resort is the path a packet will take if a specific route isnt found on the router.
Mayez Hassan 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Stability Features
IGRP uses hold-down, split horizons, and poison-reverse updates to improve operational stability. Hold-down prevent IGRP's interval updates from wrongly reinstating an invalid route. Split horizons help prevent routing loops by preventing a router from updating neighbors of any routing changes that it originally learned from those neighbors. Poison-reverse updates function similarly but are not limited to use between adjacent routers. Thus, they prevent large routing loops from occurring between nonadjacent routers.

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

29/09/08

IGRP configuration
For the configuration of the IGRP routing process, we should use the command router igrp and to shut down the IGRP routing process, we should use the command no router igrp.

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

Verifying IGRP configuration

Once you have configured IGRP, you will want to verify that your setup is working. Commands used for verification: Show ip route: it will give you a table listing all of the routes currently in the routing table. (IGRP routes are signified by an I )

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

29/09/08

show interface interface

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

show ip protocols

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

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show running-config

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

11

RIP to IGRP
Despite its enduring success as an Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, RIP suffers from fundamental limitations that are not easily avoided. For example, it is limited to a maximum of 16 hops per route. This tends to limit the size and complexity of a network that can be effectively routed with RIP. Other RIP limitations include its support for only equal-cost load balancing and its single, simple routing metric (hop count). IGRP was specifically designed to offer an alternative to RIP that was as easy to implement and administer as RIP, yet that did not suffer from these fundamental limitations.

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

12

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Steps to convert a router from RIP to IGRP: Enter show ip protocols to verify that RIP is the routing protocol on the routers to be converted

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

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Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

14

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Configure IGRP on Router A and Router B.

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

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nter show ip route on Router A and on RouterB. E

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

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Troubleshooting IGRP
Commands we can use to troubleshoot IGRP: show ip protocols: it displays the IGRP instances with their AS number, the timers, the coefficients used to calculate the metrics, the advertised networks and the interfaces involved into the routing process. show ip route: it will display IP router table.

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

17

ebug ip igrp events: it displays in real-time the d IGRP events.

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

18

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debug ip igrp transactions: we use this command to display the real-time IGRP transactions.

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

19

ping: its used to confirm if IP address is reachable or not traceroute: it can trace from your computer to the host computer on the internet. It displays the metric and the time they cost between them

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

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EIGRP

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

21

General Information
EIGRP is an enhanced version of IGRP. It represents an evolution from its predecessor IGRP, This evolution resulted from changes in networking and the demands of diverse, large-scale internetworks.

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

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EIGRP Capabilities and Attributes

Key capabilities that distinguish EIGRP from other routing protocols include fast convergence, support for variable-length subnet mask, support for partial updates, and support for multiple network layer protocols. A router running EIGRP stores all its neighbors' routing tables so that it can quickly adapt to alternate routes. If no appropriate route exists, EIGRP queries its neighbors to discover an alternate route. These queries propagate until an alternate route is found.

Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

23

Difference between IGRP and EIGRP

EIGRP Classless Support VLSM Advanced Distance Vector Routing Fast Convergence Incremental Update 100% loop free Metric= IGRP metric x 256
Mayez Hassan

IGRP Classful Doesnt support VLSM Distance Vector Routing Low Convergence Update every 90 seconds Not 100% loop free IGRP metrics
2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

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Mayez Hassan

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Confidential

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