WIGWAM-Wireless Gigabit With Advanced Multimedia Support-Slides

WIGWAM
Wireless Gigabit with Advanced Multimedia Support
Prof. Gerhard Fettweis and Ralf Irmer
Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems

Dresden University of Technology, Germany
Wireless Broadband Forum, Cambridge

17.November 2004
{fettweis,irmer@ifn.et.tu-dresden.de}
www.wigwam-project.com
TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair
UNIVERSITÄT 1 Mobile Communications Systems
DRESDEN 2004
WIGWAM - Project
German research project with consortium of 10
contractors and 17 subcontractors
Focus: System concept for 1 Gbit/s wireless LAN
WIGWAM: 10/2003-03/2007
Funding: €8M, plus industry with €7M Î total €15M
Sponsor: German Ministry
for Education and Research
Technische
Coordinator: Gerhard Fettweis Universität
Dresden
Vodafone Chair

DRESDEN WBF @ Cambridge, Gerhard Fettweis and Ralf Irmer, 17.11.2004
WIGWAM - Consortium
Main Contractors Sub Contractors
Technische
Universität – RWTH Aachen (Walke)
Dresden – TU Berlin (Wolisz)
Vodafone Chair – Humboldt-Univ. Berlin (Meffert)
– Univ. Bremen (Kammeyer)
– TU Cottbus (Weger)
– Univ. Erlangen (Weigel)
– TU Hamburg-Harburg (Rohling)
– TU Ilmenau (Haardt)
– TU Ilmenau (Thomä)
– TU Karlsruhe (Wiesbeck)
– TU Karlsuhe (Zitterbart)
– TU Munich (Eberspächer)
– Univ. Ulm (Bossert)
– Univ. Ulm (Lindner)
– FhG HHI (Boche)
– FhG IAS (Reichl)
– FhG-IZM (Sommer)

Requirements (1)
Data rate of 1 Gbit/s ?
Î Can it be done
in terms of …
– RF performance
– Base band processing power
– Integration density
– Protocols & radio resource management

Will the processing power be there?
10000 0,1 0,1
3000
1620
1280
1000 1000 1000
80x86 Clock Rate in MHz
770
595,5
421 421
271 300
181
120
100
61,1 66 0,35
33
10
0,6
0,8
1 1 1
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Will the process technology be of help?
10000 0,1 0,1
3000 0,13
1620
1280
CMOS Feature Size in µm

1000 1000
0,18 1000
770
80x86 Clock Rate in MHz
595,5
421 421
271 300
0,25
181
120
100
61,1 66 0,35
33
10
0,6
0,8
1 1 1
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Will ADCs Be The Bottleneck?
10000 0,1 0,1
0,13
12 bit,
3000100 MHz @ 150 mW
ADC Figure of merit in GHz/W
1620
1280

1000 1000
0,18 1000
770
595,5
421 421
271 300
0,25
181
120
100
61,1 66 0,35
33
10
0,6
0,8
1 1 1
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Summary
we are here
10000 0,1

1000
80x86 Clock Rate
100
ADC
10
1 1
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
this is REALISTIC
Requirements (2)
Assuming
– a sample rate of 100 MSps
– a channel bandwidth of 100MHz
Î we need spectral efficiency of 10 bit/s/Hz
What do we have today

– IEEE 802.11a @ 54Mb/s: 3.3 bit/s/Hz
– extended 802.11a @72Mb/s: 4.4 bit/s/Hz

When can we expect 1 Gbit/s WLAN?
10000 0,1 0,1
3000 0,13
WIGWAM
1280
1620
1000
WLAN Data Rate in Mbit/s
1000
0,18 1000 1000
770
595,5
421 421
271 300
0,25
IEEE 802.11n 250
181
120
100
61,1 66
IEEE
0,35
802.11a/g
54
33
IEEE 802.11b 11
10
0,6
0,8
IEEE 802.11 2
1 1 1
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Why WIGWAM???
Technological basis will be there.
Therefore,
– Gbit/s WLAN will happen around 2008!
– An IEEE standard cannot be held up!
We do not want to watch passively,

but want to contribute actively.
WIGWAM Project

DRESDEN 2004
Some WIGWAM Features
Frequency bands: 5, 17, 24, 38, 60 GHz
PHY/DLC Parameters
– QoS enabled MAC: up to 1Gb/s cumulative user rate
– Transmit power: 100/1000mW
– Coding & modulation: open (OFDM with MC-CDMA overlay?)
– Carrier Frequency: 5GHz, & extension at 58GHz
– Transceiver size: MiniPCI or smaller
– Antennas: minimum 2
Network Parameters
– IP packet & streaming & VoIP network
– Integration into 3GPP IMS (all IP) Core Network
Cost Parameters
– Terminal chip-set goal: €10 (low)
– Access point goal: €100 (indoor)

Project Structure
Project Coordination
AP 1: AP 2: AP 3: AP 4: AP 5:
System Concept Hardware Platform Physical Layer Data Link Control / Network Layer
TUD Infineon Siemens Philips

Radio Link Control
Alcatel
System Concept Group (The Big 10)
1.1 System Concept 2.1 Architecture and 3.1 PHY 4.1 MAC 5.1 Mobility Management
Models
1.2 Standardization 2.2 Implementation 3.2 MIMO 4.2 Centralized/Non- 5.2 IP layer protocols
Centralized Networks
1.3 4.3 Heterogeneous

Applications/Scenarios Networks / MxRRM /
Frequency Coordination
2.D Demonstrators 4.D Demonstrators 5.D Demonstrators
DaimlerChrysler/
Telefunken / U Ulm
Uni Erlangen
HHI Alcatel
All Telefunken Alcatel / U KA
MEDAV / TU IL IHP
IHP / FHG-IZM Telefunken / TU B
NOKIA Philips / TH AC
Partners Infineon / Uni Erlg. Philips / TH AC
Siemens / TU-HH Siemens / TU M
Nokia / Uni KA
TUD
TUD
Implications as to Standardization Activities
IEEE 802.11 – IEEE 802.16 – IEEE 802.20
IEEE .11
IEEE .11
1Gb/s
1Gb/s
Standard
Standard
Proposals
Expected
Expected
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
IEEE .16
High-Speed
BMBF WIGWAM-project Standard
Proposals
Expected
WIGWAM WIGWAM WIGWAM WIGWAM
System 1st System System System
Specs Definition Definition Details
Ready Ready Ready Ready
1 Gbit/s at Home!
3-hop 20Mb/s single-application streaming

Î
Ad-Hoc “Self Configuring” Home Network
~100Mb/s bandwidth requirement!

Key Home Scenario Parameters
Terminal Parameters
– Velocity 1 m/s (4km/h)
– Size restriction maximum miniPCI, better Flash-Card
– Energy constraint 0.5-2.0 Ah
– Operating temperature 0-50°C
Traffic & MAC
– Acceptable latency 10 / 1000 ms
– Delay jitter < 1ms
– Access points asynchronous
Features
– Localization no
– Fallback 802.11
– Range typ. 20m
Channel
– Typical delay 0.3 µs
– Delay spread 0.015 / 0.03 µs
– Channel exponent 2.5 / 3.5
– Doppler spread 200 Hz (fc = 60Ghz)

1 Gbit/s at the Office
we are used to: fixed 100 Mbit/s access:

– average on working day in
4-people-office: 1 Mbit/s
– peak in 4-people-office:
10 Mbit/s and more
Æ very high “crest factor”
Key Office Scenario Parameters
Terminal Parameters
– Velocity 1 m/s (4km/h)
– Energy constraint 0.5-2.0 Ah
– Operating temperature 0-50°C
Traffic & MAC
– Delay jitter < 1ms
Features
– Localization no
– Fallback 802.11
– Range typ. 20m
Channel
– Typical delay 1 µs
– Channel exponent 2.5 / 3.5 @ 5Ghz, 2.5 / 5.0 @ 60GHz

1 Gbit/s for Public Access?
“hot spots”, e.g. lounges with

3G
50 users at 80 m2
connect “local” computers

(100m range)
Internet backbone provides

best-effort service
vertical & horizontal hand-off
dramatic variation of max

transmission bit rate during
hand-off
WLAN
GB/s WLAN
Key Public Scenario Parameters
Terminal Parameters
– Velocity 0-5 km/h / 3-10 km/h / 60-100km/h
– Energy constraint 0.6 Ah (PDA) – 6.0 Ah (laptop)
– Operating temperature -10°C – +50°C
Traffic & MAC
– Delay jitter 2-3ms streaming / 500ms packets
Features
– Localization yes
– Fallback UMTS
– Range up to 500m
Channel
– Typical delay 1 µs
– Channel exponent open

1 Gbit/s at High Velocity
Freeway & Track information access

Key High Velocity Parameters
Terminal Parameters
– Velocity 250 km/h – 600 km/h
– Size restriction ~ 1 liter
– Energy constraint “none”
– Operating temperature -40°C – +80°C
Traffic & MAC
– Delay jitter 10/100 ms
Features
– Localization yes (0.5m accuracy)
– Fallback GSM (UMTS)
– Range up to 3000m
Channel
– Typical delay open
– Delay spread open
– Channel exponent 2–3
– Doppler spread 20 kHz (fc = 38Ghz)

1 Gbit/s and Mobility?
WIGWAM A/I
1 Gbit/s WLAN
using the IBMS-approach:

trade-off data rate vs. mobility
Examples of First Research Results (I)
I/Q imbalance in OFDM systems
[M. Windisch, TU Dresden]

I/Q imbalance in OFDM systems
RF spectrum:
Base band spectrum:
Consequence: mutual ICI between symmetric subcarriers

Blind I/Q imbalance parameter estimation
Key fact: The I/Q imbalance parameters … if there is at least one pair
are completely determined by the statistics of uncorrelated, zero-mean
of the observed OFDM symbols … subcarriers

Performance Study: IEEE 802.11a WLAN
fixed I/Q imbalance:

g=1.05, φ=5°
frequency-selective fading
channel (ETSI-A)
Parameter estimation
based on data subcarriers
(48 out of 64), no pilots
were used
Predetermined error-floor
due to I/Q imbalance
Arbitrary low values of
the error-floor can be
[ M. Windisch and G. Fettweis: „Standard-Independent I/Q
reached with digital
Imbalance Compensation in OFDM Direct-Conversion compensation
Receivers”. In Proc. of the 9th International OFDM-
Workshop, 14.-16. September 2004, Dresden,Germany ]

Examples of First Research Results (II)
Channel Measurements and

Modelling for Gbit WLAN
[U. Trautwein, MEDAV & R. Thomä, TU Ilmenau]

Channel Measurements
Measurements with a RUSK MIMO

channel sounder in typical WIGWAM Doppler 0
application scenarios, e.g., Public Access 20
-20
Frequency range 5 GHz up to 60 GHz 10
-40
Parameter estimation and statistical
α [Hz]
0
-60
analysis and geometrical channel
modelling -10 -80
Examples: Munich Railway station and -20 -100
path in Ilmenau (public access scenario) 1000 2000 3000

snapshot number

Examples of First Research Results (III)
Six-port receiver architecture
[T. Eireiner, DaimlerChrysler]

Reconfigurable Multiband Technology
Novel radio-frontend-architectures
Broadband-reconfigurable six-port receiver
No mixer required
Analog
Frontends
Potential cost reductions
Digital Forntend 1
Digital Forntend 2
Digital Forntend 3
Digital Forntend 4
DSP Master
Digital
Frontends
USB Interface
Six-Port Receiver Architecture
Power FPGA
Detector
ADC
SIX-PORT
Calibration
Power
ADC I
Detector IQ-Calculation
BPF LNA
RF
Frequency
signal Power
Detector
ADC Offset Q
Cancellation
Power
Detector
ADC
VCO
Analog Frontend Digital Frontend

Examples of First Research Results (IV)
Demonstrator @ 60 GHz
[E. Grass, IHP]

1 Gbit/s Demonstrator @ 60 GHz
Application: Home & Office
Scenario
Powerful and ultra flexible Baseband processor FFT, channel decoding
demonstrator
architecture: Combination of ASIC ASIC
FPGA, DSP, MAC processor
u-Controller and ASIC
Cross layer design 60 GHz FPGA
FPGA
Analog DAC
Robust/efficient modulation: Analog
Frontend
OFDM Frontend
ADC FPGA µC
Highly integrated RF front-
end based on
cost-efficient SiGe:C Routing, mapping / Commercially available E.g., synchronisation ,
BiCMOS technology multiplexing,
Multi-DSP Board channel equalization ,
synchronisation,
filtering
High efficiency MAC equalization, filtering
protocol: Centralized
access control and block
transmission

Further Research Topics
MIMO architecture & receiver structures with low complexity
and high performance
Definition of preambles with low capacity loss and good
channel estimation and synchronization capabilities
Reconfigurable ultra-low power radio front-end and baseband
processor
Development of multi-standard radio-resource (MxRRM) and
mobility (MxMM) management
Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for 1 Gbit/s WLAN
(dynamic topology management, multihop capability, secure
autoconfiguration)
…
…

Conclusions
Challenge
– 1Gb/s on the air
– 1Gb/s implementation
– 1Gb/s networked into infrastructure
– Standardization impact
Additional Future Challenges

– Low-cost 10Gb/s between access points / base stations
– “engineering Shannon bounds”
• Change boundary conditions of transmission to increase capacity
– Dirty RF
• RF impairments
• “Picking up dirt” along RF transceivers

Thanks !
www.wigwam-project.com

DRESDEN 2004

WIGWAM-Wireless Gigabit With Advanced Multimedia Support-Slides

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WIGWAM

Wireless Gigabit with Advanced Multimedia Support

Prof. Gerhard Fettweis and Ralf Irmer

Vodafone Chair Mobile Communications Systems

Wireless Broadband Forum, Cambridge

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

Data rate of 1 Gbit/s ?

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

10000 0,1 0,1

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

CMOS Feature Size in µm

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

CMOS Feature Size in µm

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

CMOS Feature Size in µm

What do we have today

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

10000 0,1 0,1

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

Technological basis will be there.

We do not want to watch passively,

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

TUD Infineon Siemens Philips

1.3 4.3 Heterogeneous

2.D Demonstrators 4.D Demonstrators 5.D Demonstrators

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

3-hop 20Mb/s single-application streaming

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

we are used to: fixed 100 Mbit/s access:

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

“hot spots”, e.g. lounges with

connect “local” computers

Internet backbone provides

vertical & horizontal hand-off

dramatic variation of max

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

using the IBMS-approach:

I/Q imbalance in OFDM systems

[M. Windisch, TU Dresden]

Base band spectrum:

Consequence: mutual ICI between symmetric subcarriers

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

 fixed I/Q imbalance:

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

Channel Measurements and

[U. Trautwein, MEDAV & R. Thomä, TU Ilmenau]

Measurements with a RUSK MIMO

Examples: Munich Railway station and -20 -100

path in Ilmenau (public access scenario) 1000 2000 3000

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

Six-port receiver architecture

[T. Eireiner, DaimlerChrysler]

Potential cost reductions

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

[E. Grass, IHP]

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

TECHNISCHE Vodafone Chair

Additional Future Challenges

fixed I/Q imbalance: