AXIOMATIC SYSTEMS AND FINITE GEOMETRY FINITE GEOMETRY developed in the late 19th century, in part to demonstrate and

test the axiomatic properties of completeness, consistency and independence. - provides relatively simple axiomatic systems in which we begin to develop the skills and techniques of geometric reasoning. AXIOMATIC (deductive) SYSTEMS deductive reasoning takes place in the context of an organize logical structure. Components of an Axiomatic Systems 1. Undefined Terms. the terms that are included since it is not possible to define all terms without resorting to circular definitions. ( point, line, plane) 2. Defined Terms. terms that are not actually necessary , but in nearly every axiomatic system certain phrases involving undefined terms are used repeatedly.(substitute parallel lines for the phrase lines that do not intersect) 3. Axioms. statements that are accepted without proof. 4. System of Logic(usually Aristotelian). it is use to prove the other statements which is came from the axioms. 5. Theorems. a statement that can be shown to be true through the system of logic. Axiomatic System is said to be consistent if there do not exist in the system any two axioms, any axiom and theorem, or any two theorems that contradict each other.

A four-point geometry mode Axioms for Four-Point Geometry Undefined Terms. Point, line, on Axiom 4P.1. There exactly four points. Axiom 4P.2. Two distinct points are on exactly one line. Axiom 4P.1. Each line is on exactly two points. Undefined Terms Points Lines On Interpretation (model 1) Letters A, B, C and D Interpretation (model 2) Dots denoted by 1, 2, 3 and 4 Combination of letters such Segments illustrated in the as AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, above figure CD Contains, or is contained in A dot is an endpoint of a segment or vice versa

Axiomatic System is independent if it cannot be proved from the other axioms. If each axiom of a system is independent, the system is said to be independent. Model 1(a negation of axiom 4p.1 is true which means there do not exist four points) Points Lines A, B AB Model 2 (a negation of axiom 4p.2 is true which means there are two distinct points not on one line) A, B, C, D AB, CD Model 3 (a negation of axiom 4p.3 is true which means there are lines not on exactly two points) A, B, C, D ABC, AD, BD, CD

Axiomatic System is complete if every statement containing undefined and defined terms of the system can be proved valid or invalid, or in other words, if it is not possible to add a new independent axiom to the system. In general, it is impossible to demonstrate directly that a system is complete. However, if a system is incomplete, there cannot exist two essentially different models. This means all models of the system must be pairwise isomorphic. Definition of Isomorphic The models and of an axiomatic system are said to be isomorphic if there exists a one-to-one correspondence from the set of points and lines of onto the set of points and lines of that preserves all relations. In particular if the undefined terms of the system consist of the terms point, line and on then must satisfy the following conditions. 1. For each point P and line l in , (P) and (l) are a point a line in . 2. If P is on l, then (P) is on (l)