INFORMATION TECHNOLGY

ASSIGNMENT

ON 3 G TELEPHONY

Submitted By Akhil Jose Parakkal I MBA B 1020159

3 G (Third Generation)

Introduction
The rapid increase in the demand for data services, primarily Internet Protocol, has been thrust on the wireless industry. Over the years, there has been much anticipation of the onslaught of data services. Third Generation (3 G) is a term that has received and continues to receive much attention as the enabler for high speed data for wireless mobility market. 3G and all it is meant to be defined in the International Telecommunications Union (INU) specification International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT 2000). IMT- 2000 is a radio and network access specification designing several methods or technology platforms that meet the overall goals of the specification. The IMT 2000 specification is meant to be unifying specification, enabling mobile and some fixed high speed data services to use one or several radio channels with fixed network platforms for delivering the services envisioned: Global Standards Compatibility of services within IMT 2000 and other fixed networks High quality Worldwide common frequency band Small terminals for worldwide use Worldwide roaming capability Multimedia application services and terminals Improved spectrum efficiency Flexibility for evolution to the next generation of wireless systems High speed packet data rates 2 mbps for fixed environment 384 kbps for pedestrians 144 kbps for vehicular traffic

Meaning
Third generation wireless service, designed to provide high data speeds, always-on data access, and greater voice capacity. The high data speeds, measured in Mbps, enable full motion video, high-speed internet access and video-conferencing. 3G technology standards include UMTS, based on WCDMA technology (quite often the two terms are used interchangeably) and CDMA2000, which is the outgrowth of the earlier CDMA 2G technology. UMTS standard is generally preferred by countries that use GSM network. CDMA2000 has various types, including 1xRTT, 1xEV-DO and 1xEV-DV. The data rates they offer range from 144 kbps to more than 2 mbps.

History
The First-Generation (1G) systems used analogue technology. The current handsets widely deployed today, use Second-Generation (2G) technology, often referred to as digital. The Third-Generation systems extend the voice-only digital from 2G (as enhanced), and incorporate additional data capability. During the transition from 2G to 3G there will be an interim deployment of 2.5G digital technology with limited data capabilities, such as short messaging services (ability to send and receive short text messages from a cellular system).

The first commercial 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan branded FOMA. In May 2001 on a pre-release of W-CDMA technology. The first commercial launch of 3G was also by NTT DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001, although it was somewhat limited in scope, broader reliability was delayed by concerns over reliability. The second network to go commercially live was by SK Telecom in South Korea on 1xEV-DO technology in January 2002.

By June 2007 the 200 millionth 3G subscriber had been connected. Out of 3 billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide this is only 6.7%. In the countries where 3G was launched

first Japan and South Korea 3G penetration is over 70%. In Europe the leading country is Italy with a third of its subscribers migrated to 3G. Other leading countries by 3G migrations include UK, Austria, Australia and Singapore at the 20% migration level. A confusing statistic is counting CDMA2000 1x RTT customers as if they were 3G customers. If using this definition, then the total 3G subscriber base would be 475 million at June 2007 and 15.8% of all subscribers worldwide.

Standards Development Organizations

Standards development organizations (SDOs) are national or multi-national organizations, actively involved in defining the next-generation wireless standards, along with refining the ongoing remedial editing of existing standards SDOs are comprised of various companies who work together to promote specification proposals. SDOs also study radio spectrum utilization, including such subsets as intersystem issues, emergency services, and accommodations for the disabled. They also coordinate and cooperate with the ITU on standardization of radio systems in the field of telecommunications. The coordination and cooperation issues are managed by Harmonization groups. The following is a list of Western standard development organizations, along with their respective areas of geographical and technical interests: The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is defining a technology standard for 3G called the Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS). The Japan Association of Radio Industries and Business (ARIB) primarily focus on WCDMA for IMT-2000. The primary Canadian SDO is the Telecommunications Standards Advisory Council of Canada (TSACC). The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a US repository for standards considered to be semi permanent, a nebulous term for longer than interim. The United States Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) and T1 have presented several technology proposals on WCDMA, TDMA UWC- 136 (based upon D-AMPS IS-136), and cdma2000 (based upon IS-95). The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredits both TIA and T1. The primary standards working groups are TR45 (Mobile & Personal Communications 900 & 1800 Standards and TR46 (Mobile & Personal Communications 1800 only Standards). The Asian standards development organizations include the Korean Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA) and China Wireless Telecommunications Standards Group (CWTS), Partnership Projects.

The Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was formed by SDOs and other related standards bodies to harmonize European, Asian, and North American standards proposals, and to define a complete set of global technical specifications for third-generation mobile Systems based upon the evolved GSM core networks and radio access technologies. The project is better known as 3GPP. The project is divided into several technical specification groups (TSGs), with each TSG having multiple working groups, each responsible for defining an aspect of the thirdgeneration standard.

Feature of 3rd Generation

1. INTERNET EVERYWHERE

The world wide web is becoming a primary communications interface- people access the Internet for entertainment and information collection, the intranet for accessing company information and connecting with colleagues and the extranet for accessing customers and suppliers. Hence, web browsing is a very important application for packet data.
2. HIGH SPEED

Speeds of up to 2 Megabits per second (Mbps) are achievable with Third Generation (3G). The data transmission rates will depend upon the environment the call is being made in- it is only indoors and in stationary environments that these types of data rates will be available. For high mobility, data rates of 144 kbps are expected to be available- this is only about three times the speed of todays fixed telecoms modems. 3. SERVICE ACCESS To use Third Generation (3G), users specifically need:

A mobile phone or terminal that supports Third Generation (3G) A subscription to a mobile telephone network that supports Third Generation (3G) Use of Third Generation (3G) must be enabled for that user.Automatic access to the 3G may be allowed by some mobile network operators, others will charge a monthly subscription and require a specific opt-in to use the service as they do with other nonvoice mobile services Knowledge of how to send and/ or receive Third Generation (3G) information using their specific model of mobile phone, including software and hardware configuration (this creates a customer service requirement)

4. SECURITY 3G networks offer greater security than their 2G predecessors. By allowing the UE (User

Equipment) to authenticate the network it is attaching to, the user can be sure the network is the intended one and not an impersonator. In addition to the 3G network infrastructure security, end-to-end security is offered when application frameworks such as IMS are accessed, although this is not strictly a 3G property.

Applications of 3rd Generation Technology

Some of the applications of 3rd generation technology are

Mobile TV a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the subscriber's phone where it can be watched. Video on demand a provider sends a movie to the subscriber's phone. Video conferencing subscribers can see as well as talk to each other. Tele-medicine a medical provider monitors or provides advice to the potentially isolated subscriber. Location-based services a provider sends localized weather or traffic conditions to the phone, or the phone allows the subscriber to find nearby businesses or friends

Benefits of 3rd Generation

1. Mobile interview- In today's global scenario, the 3G technology will enable

organizations and qualified candidates to have a telephonic interview in a modern way through video conferencing. Traditional telephonic interview and personal interviews may be replaced by 3G voice and video conferencing. This will reduce the cost and save the time of both the organizations and the candidates. 2. Conference- 3G technology provides for video conferencing which can help the Human Resource Department interact with their seniors at the time of urgency without wasting other resources. This can be very much helpful when the concerned person is out of the state or country. 3. File Transfer- With the advent of video and audio multimedia and a faster rate of downloading e-mail attachments, employees in an organization can request any urgent file or report they need to present to the clients. This will again reduce the burden on organization resources and increase employee effectiveness. 4. Other benefits-

Users can take advantage of mobile video on demand to watch news, sports highlights, and video clips anytime on their mobile devices. 3G gives mobile staff access to critical applications like Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applications. For example, field engineers can view a customer's profile from the road, update their files, and even close the trouble ticket while on site. Sales people can create and place orders while still at the customer's location. 3G-enabled vehicles are beginning to enter the market. These provide access to traffic-view cameras, Internet access, gaming, and video-streaming.

Disadvantages of 3rd Generation

1. Cost- The cost incurred in purchase of a 3g mobile is high. The cost for using the services is also high. 2. Service providers- The video conferencing is possible only if both the service provider provides video conferencing service. They also incur a huge cost in applying 3G. 3. Monopoly- As there is huge cost incurred in implementing 3G number of service providers offering the service is less. In India BSNL is having a monopoly in 3G service in the mobile market.

Service Providers Offering 3G

US

Canada

UK

India

Alcatel AT&T Bell Cambia Crowncastle Global-one Globalstar Nextwave Nortel Novatel QualComm Rogers Soma Sonera Sprint Tiw

Bell Canada Globealive Rogers Fido Alcatel Sierra Wireless

T-mobile Orange Verizon Hutchison Red Hat O2 Vodafone

BSNL

T-Mobile US West Verio Verizon Vivendi Vodafone