INACON GmbH

Motorola: UMTS Network Optimization & Trouble Shooting Course

Course Duration:
7 days.

Course Description:
This course is targeted at engineers and technicians who are involved in the operation, optimization and troubleshooting of UTRA-networks. This fascinating blend of practical experience and theoretical knowledge is a must for everybody who shall tune a UTRA-network. The course starts with a detailed description of important UTRA-parameters throughout the various protocols and continues with the consideration of how specific parameter settings and setting combinations influence the system operation. In another part, the course answers your questions with respect to network dimensioning and load aspects in both the terrestrial and the wireless parts of UTRA. Finally, the course provides guidance on how and where to setup performance measurements for circuit-switched and packet-switched performance measurements within UTRA. The course concludes with the detailed analysis of typical errors and failures in UTRA networks, discriminating mobile station issues from network problems. As in all INACON courses we integrated several interactive exercises for a perfect learning experience.

Pre-Requisites:
Previous practical exposure to network optimization and trouble shooting in GSM, GPRS or UMTS (second level) is required. Very good understanding of the related UTRA- and NAS-protocols is necessary. We strongly recommend to join our training courses UMTS Design Details & System Engineering and UMTS - Signaling & Protocol Analysis (RAN & UE) before visiting this course. Previous practical experience with network protocol testers and test UEs (e.g. TEMS) is desirable.

Course Target:
The student is enabled to troubleshoot and optimize UTRA FDD networks and UEs..

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Some of your questions that will be answered:
What does network performance in UMTS stand for and how does it compare to GSM- or GPRS-network performance? How can I determine our actual network performance? What is meaning of the parameter Received-total-wide-band-power which is conveyed from the NodeB to the RNC during radio link setup? How can I measure and compare the quality (Bit Error Rate / Frame Erasure Rate) per cell, per NodeB or per RNS on the Iub-Interface for both uplink and downlink? How can I distinguish application and user equipment failures which are outside of our scope from real network problems? What is the meaning of the various timers and counters which are broadcast in the System Information Blocks Which system parameters can I tune to optimize the UEs idle mode behavior? (e.g. Sintrasearch, Treselection-s, Qhyst, Qoffset, ...)? How can I nail down performance bottlenecks in the different parts of our network? How can I minimize the interference through the use of diversity transmission methods? How can I optimize the network access procedure for both, minimum delay times and minimum interference. What is the optimum configuration of the different RLC counter and timer values (e.g. MaxDAT, timerPoll, transmissionWindowSize, ) to provide the best possible service for transparent, unacknowledged and acknowledged operation modes. What are the best measurement tools for the Uu-interface and within UTRA?

Who should attend this class?

Network operator staff who are involved in the optimization of UTRA and who need to continuously improve the network performance. System vendors who are involved in second and third level troubleshooting activities

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Table of Contents: Part I: UMTS Parameter Optimization Reloaded UE Idle Mode Behavior Optimization
Constraints of the PLMN and Cell Selection Procedure SIM/USIM Configuration, UE Radio Access Capabilities, Network NAS Aspects of the PLMN and Cell Selection Procedure NAS-Selection of the PLMN User Controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology (( 3GTS 11.11 (10.3.35)), Operator Controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology (( 3GTS 11.11 (10.3.36)), H-PLMN Selection with Access Technology (( 3GTS 11.11 (10.3.37)), PLMN-Identification through System Information Broadcast, Prioritization of PLMNs Conclusions and Suggestions The Cell Selection Process Measurement Parameters, The Cell Selection Criterion for UTRA-FDD Cells, Meaning of Q-Qualmin and Q-Rxlevmin, Q-Qualmin, Q-Rxlevmin, UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH in SIB3 Implications of Different Settings of Q-Qualmin, Q-Rxlevmin The Cell Reselection Process Initial Considerations, Options for Neighbor Cell Configuration in UTRAN, General Rules for Cell Reselection in UTRAN, Cell Ranking, The Cell Ranking Criterion, Examples of Intra-Frequency NC Description in SIB 11 (from different vendors) New Release 5 /6 Parameters for Cell Selection and Reselection Measurement rules for cell re-selection when HCS is not used: Sintrasearch, Sintersearch, SsearchHCS, Ssearch,RAT, SHCS,RAT, Slimit,SearchRAT, DeltaQrxlevmin, Qhyst1-s, Qhyst2-s, Treselection-s High mobility state when HCS is not used: Non-HCS_TCRmax, NonHCS_NCR, Non-HCS_TCRmaxHyst

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Rel. 5: DeltaQrxlevmin, Qhyst1-s_PCH, Qhyst1s_FACH, Qhyst2-s_PCH, Qhyst2s_FACH, Treselection-s_,PCH, Treselection-s_FACH, Speed dependent ScalingFactor for Treselection, Inter-frequency ScalingFactor for Treselection, Inter-RAT ScalingFactor for Treselection, NonHCS_TCRmax, Non-HCS_NCR, Non-HCS_TCRmaxHyst Cell Ranking of Serving Cell, Cell Ranking of Neighor Cells, CellSelectionQualityMeasure in SIB-3 Rel.6 : Domain Specific Access Restriction Parameters for PLMN of MIB, Domain Specific Access Restriction For Shared Network, Domain Specific Access Restriction Parameters For Operator FACH Measurement Occasion
Inter Frequency Measurements, Inter RAT Measurements, RRC related Parameters

Cell Reselection in Hierarchical Cell Structures (HCS) The Cell Ranking Criterion for Neighbor Cells with HCS, Important HCSParameters for an Intra-Freq NC in SIB-11, Quality Threshold H-Criterion for Serving and Neighbor cells, Trigger Conditions for Timer T(n), Cell Reselection with HCS Summary, HCS and non-HCS Cell Ranking, Considerations for a HCS-NW with same HCS_PRIO values for all cells Measurement Rules for fast moving UEs with HCS enabled

3G2G CS Handover Message Flow for 3G2G Scenario, Measurement Control for E2D/E2F and E3A, Periodical 2G RXLEV Measurement Reporting, 2G BSIC Confirmation, Compressed Mode with SF/2, CM Parameterization, Gap Patterns for RXLEV, BSIC Initial Search and BSIC Verification, HO Command from UTRAN to GSM

3G2G PS Cell Change Order Compressed Mode with HLS, Event Triggered or Periodical RXLEV Reporting

2G3G Reselection Parameter Measurement Thresholds while Camping on 2G-Cells / Applicability of Qsearch_I, Qsearch_C_Initial, Qsearch_P and Qsearch_C Cell Reselection from GSM to UTRAN / Cell Reselection Criterion, FDD_Qoffset, FDD_Qmin, FDD_Qmin_Offset, FDD_RSCPmin,
MS specific Channel Release Message in GSM, Use case: avoid Inter RAT Location / Routing Area Updates

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2G3G CS Handover FDD_MultiRAT_Reporting, FDD_Reporting_Threhold_2, FDD_Reporting_Offset, FDD_Reporting_Quantity, 3G_Search_Prio 2G3G Packet Cell Change PS Handover (optional in Rel. 6) GERAN to UTRAN NACC (from Rel. 6 onwards) PMO PMR PCCO (from Rel. 99 onwards)

Radio Link Control Optimization of the related Parameters for RLC-AM

Acknowledged Mode Data Transfer AM Characteristics, Number of Logical Channels, STATUS PDU, AM Transmit and Receive State Variables, Handling of Duplicates RLC Timer and Constraints on AM Operation Timer_Poll, Timer_Poll_Prohibit, Timer_Discard, Timer_Poll_Periodic, Timer_Status_Prohibit, Timer_Status_Periodic, Timer_RST, Timer_MRW; Typical Configurations of AM for PS Domain MaxDat, Poll_PDU, Poll_SDU, Poll_Window, MaxRST, Configured_Tx_Window_Size, Configured_Rx_Window_Size, MaxMRW, SDU Discard Mode, MaxRST, Tx_Window_Size, Rx_Window_Size, Poll_PDU, Poll_SDU Reset Procedure Initiation, RLC Unrecoverable Error SDU Discard with Explicit Signaling Procedure Initiation, Termination, Reached Maximum Number of Attempts, Expiration of Timer Timer_MRW Use Case for RLC-AM Operation for PS with 384 kbit/s RAB Interworking with TCP/IP, Polling and Status Reporting, Retransmission of RLC-PDUs RLC settings and their impact on TCP-IP Layer 2 drop call Scenario

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Measurement Reporting and Compressed Mode Parameter Optimization
Measurement Control Measurement Control Types (Setup, Modify, Release), Measurement Identity, Periodical Reporting, Event Triggered (Periodical) Reporting Intra Frequency Measurement Control
Event ID 1A: Primary CPICH enters the reporting range, Event ID 1B: Primary CPICH leaves the reporting range, Event ID 1C: Non-active primary CPICH becomes better than an active primary CPICH, Event ID 1D: Change of best cell, Event ID 1E: Primary CPICH becomes better than an absolute threshold, Event ID 1F: Primary CPICH becomes worse than an absolute threshold

Parameter Optimization for Event 1A to 1F

Intra-Frequency: Periodical Reporting / Event Trigger Reporting Mode, Measurement quantity, Cell reporting quantities, Intra-frequency event identity, Triggering condition 1 (Event 1b),Triggering condition 2 (Event 1a), Filter Coefficient, Reporting Range (event 1a), Weighting (event 1a), Report Deactivation Threshold, Reporting Amount (event 1a), Reporting Interval (event 1a), Hysteresis (event 1a), Time to Trigger (event 1a), Reporting Range (event 1b), W (event 1b), Hysteresis (event 1b), Time to Trigger (event 1b), Replacement Activation Threshold, Reporting Amount (event 1c), Reporting Interval (event 1c), Hysteresis (event 1c), Time to Trigger (event 1c),

Inter Frequency Measurement Control

Event 2a: Change of best frequency, Event 2b: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is below a certain threshold and the estimated quality of a non-used frequency is above a certain threshold, Event 2c: The estimated quality of a non-used frequency is above a certain threshold, Event 2d: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is below a certain threshold, Event 2 f: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is above a certain threshold

Parameter Optimization for Event 2A to 2F

Inter-Frequency: Inter-Frequency Hysteresis (event 2a), Inter-Frequency Hysteresis (event 2b), Inter-Frequency Hysteresis (event 2c)

Inter RAT Frequency Measurement Control

Event 3a: The estimated quality of the currently used UTRAN frequency is below a certain threshold and the estimated quality of the other system is above a certain threshold

Parameter Optimization for Event 3A

Inter RAT: Filter Coefficient, Threshold Own System, Weighting (event 3a), Threshold Other System, Hysteresis (event 3a), Time to Trigger (event 3a)

Traffic Volume Measurement Control

Reporting event 4 A: Transport Channel Traffic Volume becomes larger than an absolute threshold, Reporting event 4 B: Transport Channel Traffic Volume becomes smaller than an absolute threshold

Transport Channel BLER

Reporting event 5A: A predefined number of bad CRCs is exceeded

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UE Internal Measurements
Reporting event 6A: The UE Tx power becomes larger than an absolute threshold, Reporting event 6B: The UE Tx power becomes less than an absolute threshold, Reporting event 6D: The UE Tx power reaches its maximum value, Reporting event 6F (FDD): The UE Rx-Tx time difference for a RL included in the active set becomes larger than an absolute threshold, Reporting event 6G: The UE Rx-Tx time difference for a RL included in the active set becomes less than an absolute threshold

UE Positioning Reporting Events

Reporting Event 7a: The UE position changes more than an absolute threshold, Reporting Event 7b: SFN-SFN measurement changes more than an absolute threshold, Reporting Event 7c: GPS time and SFN time have drifted apart more than an absolute threshold

NodeB Measurements
Periodical and Event triggered RTWP and Transmitted Carrier Power, Transmitted Code Power, SIR Error, SIR_Estimate, Uplink BER/BLER (QE-Value, CRC)

Compressed Mode Parameter

TGMP (transmission gap sequence measurement purpose), N Identify Abort, T Reconfirm Abort, Power Control in Compressed Mode, Initial Transmit Power (ITP), Recovery Period Power (RPP), DeltaSIR1, DeltaSIR2, DeltaSIRafter1, DeltaSIRafter2, Suggested Patterns

Important UTRA Procedures and their Parameter Optimization

Paging Procedures Paging UEs in RRC-idle and RRC-connected state, Setting up the DRXCycle Period for UTRAN and CN, Bargaining between Standby Time and minimum Call Setup Time, PICH Power Offset, Number of PI per Frame (Np) UTRAN Paging Cycle
Paging with NAS Identifier, Paging with U-RNTI, UTRAN DRX Cycle

RRC-Connection Establishment, Operation and Release Rel. 6 RRC Connection Request and Setup for HSxPA
Rel. 6 NAS Causes for RRC Connection Request, Establishment Causes, Measurement Report on RACH, Rel. 6 HS-DSCH and/or E-DCH Capability, SRB 13.6 versus 3.4

Channel Type Switching (incl. HSxPA)

CELL_DCH-State, CELL_FACH-State, CELL_PCH-State, URA_PCH-State, Dependency of RRC-State and Latency

Active Set Update

Soft and softer Handoff, TPC Combination Index, DPCH Timing

Physical Channel Reconfiguration, Transport Channel Reconfiguration, Radio Bearer Reconfiguration, Radio Bearer Release
CTFC TFCI calculation, Rel. 6Mandatory Timer and Constants/Counter for UE and UTRAN

NBAP: Radio Link Setup, Synchronized RL Reconfiguration, Unsynchronized RL Reconfiguration, RL Reconfiguration Commit

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RRC Connection Release in CELL_DCH, CELL_FACH and XXX_PCH Inner and Outer Loop Power Control SIR Target, SIR Estimate, SIR Error, UEs BLER_Target, DL DPC Mode, P-CPICH Usage for Channel Estimation, AMR BLER for Voice, CS Data BLER, PS BLER UL Power Control Algorithm, TPC Step Size, PC Preamble, SRB Delay, DPCCH Power Offset, Gain Factor c and d for UL DPCH, Initial UL and DL DPCCH Power, DL Power Balancing, Max Allowed Uplink Tx Power, P-CPICH Tx Power, Power Offset P-CPICH DPDCH, Max DCH Power Radio Link Failure L1 Out of Synchronization Determination of a Radio Link Failure in Uplink and Downlink Direction: ul / dl FSW, Criteria for DPCCH Q(in) and Q(out), related Parameters (N313, N315, T_RLFAILURE, N_OUTSYNC_IND), Optimized Setup of these Parameters, Radio Link Failure Downlink Option 1 and 2, Radio Link Failure Uplink Option 1 and 2
Cell Update after Drop

Cell Update Applicability of this Procedure (CELL_FACH transition, RRC/RB Reestablished, Periodical and Normal Cell Update, Uplink Data Transmission), C-RNTI Allocation, URA Update

Random Access Procedure Open Loop Power Control for the Preamble Initial Power, The Issue of UE Inaccuracies for Open Loop Power Control Parameters of the Physical Random Access Procedure, Setting up the Parameter Constant Value, Setting up the Parameter Power Ramp Step, Setting up the Parameter Max No of Preambles, Setting up the Parameter Pp-m, Setting up the Parameter AICH-Transmission Timing MAC-Random Access Procedure: Determination of the Access Priority, Interworking of MAC and Physical Random Access (Part 1), Interworking of MAC and Physical Random Access (Part 2) Parameters of the MAC Random Access Procedure, Setting up the Persistence Scaling Factors, Setting up Mmax, Setting up the Parameter ASC-Setting, Setting up NB01min and NB01max, Random Access Procedure Parameters in SIB 5

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SRNS Relocation Applicability of this procedure, UE involved and not involved Relocation, Lossless Relocation Inter Frequency Handover Applicability of this procedure, Blind IFHO, Compressed Mode for IFHO, IFHO Measurement Control, Message Flow for Scenario, Hard-HO (Physical Channel Reconfiguration)

UTRAN Performance Analysis and Optimization

Performance Measurement Types and KPIs User related Measurements (Call Success Rate, Active Update Success Rate, ), NodeB-related Measurements (BLER, BER, SIR-Target), RNC-related Measurements (Handover Success Rate (incl. Inter-RNC), Number of Call Drops due to UTRAN Generated Reason, ), Evaluation of Measurement Reports, RAB requested by User provided by UTRAN TCP Performance Performance of TCP/IP:TCP Characteristics, Bandwidth Delay Product, TCP over DCH, TCP over HS-DSCH, TCP over E-DCH
RTO, Duplicate ACKs, MSS, MTU, Window Size and WS Scaling

RAB

Negative Impact of RLC-AM with Out-of-Sequence Delivery Application Layer Performance: FTP, HTTP, POP3, SMTP

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Part II: Use Cases Trouble Shooting in UTRA Examples
Cell Neighbor Matrix SHO Cell Overlap Estimation Cookbook for Call Analysis in Protocol Tester log Identifying Drops with Iu-ReleaseRequest, Iub & Iu combined Trace Analysis Core Network Troubles, RAU and Location Update Rejects, CC and SM Problems NodeB Failures RRC Connection Reject due to Admission Control, Uplink & Downlink Load above threshold
Too high RTWP, Insufficient Carrier Power, Code Blocking

RRC Connection Release with cause unspecified

SRNC Iu-ReleaseRequest with UTRAN Generated Reason, UEs RRC Procedure Failure (Active Set Update Failure, Physical Channel Reconfiguration Failure)

UE deliberate Drop: RRC Signaling Connection Release Indication Pilot Pollution, Physical Tuning (electrical/mechanical Tilting, Azimuth Change) Handover Failure 3G 2G, Physical Channel Failure with RR T3124 expiry, Cell Change Order Failure Call Drop due to Missing Neighbors, Call Reestablishment after Drop in CS and/or PS Domain PDP Context Drop, Routing Areas Update Reject Standard Dops: Contact Lost with UE, Failure in the Radio Interface Procedure
Uplink and Downlink out-of-sync, RLC Unrecoverable error on control and/or user plane

Drops caused by faulty NodeB Hardware: High RTWP caused by erroneous TX board, defect Channel Element, Defect TMA, defect UE Power AMP Decoding of MIB, SB, SIB-1, SIB-3, SIB-5, SIB-7 and SIB-11 info blocks

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Part III: Motorola Add-On Optimization from Planning Perspective
Load Factor and Noise Rise RTWP Measurements and Analysis. Mixed traffic and Load Factor Coverage and Capacity Issues Adaptive Voice Channels Traffic Scenarios Uplink/downlink Limited Systems Antenna Azimuths and Beam Width More Sectors or more Cells? Use of Repeaters RRC Channel Mapping Options Cell Configuration Options Using more than one Frequency Cell Transmit Power Downlink power Utilizing Soft Capacity and Dynamic CPICH Power Varying the CPICH weighting Using idle and connected mode measurement to improve speech and data KPI Power Control and Power Offsets Transmit power control headroom Soft handovers and hard handovers

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UMTS Features and Techniques
DRD (directed retry) with 2nd carrier. For CS &PS different combinations Site Selection Diversity Transmit (SSDT): [Inacon:] Feature has been removed from Spec from Rel. 5 onwards Transmit Diversity Options Multi-User Detection (MUD) Advanced Antennas MIMO Antennas Inter-working with Wireless LANs (WLANs) LTE CAC Dynamic Code Allocation. LBS in 3G

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