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IRELAND 2011 SUMMER REPORT

(with May prelude)

Towns used in the making of this report: Ulster Connaught Aldergrove Ardtarmon Hillsborough Belmullet Armagh Drumsna Ballykelly Galway Lough Navar Roscommon Malin Heads Sligo

Leinster Edenderry Dublin Kilkenny Markree Castle

Munster Cork Killarney Newport Shannon Tralee

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SUMMER 2011 GENERAL OVERVIEW Cooler) (Wetter, Cloudier, Cooler)

SUMMER RAINFALL Average summer rainfall quantities are anticipated in the Ulster Province this summer, while the Connaught, Leinster and Munster provinces of Ireland can all anticipate above average rainfall for the season. Overall, the Ulster Province is likely to record around 4% more rainfall than average, the Connaught Province wetter by almost a third with an estimated 30% more than average, Munster districts wetter by a similar amount at around 31% more than average and the Leinster Province districts almost twice as wet as normal, or wetter by an estimated 89% compared to average. At a glance, the north and east of the country can expect average to slightly above average precipitation, while the west and south can anticipate above average rainfall.

www.predictweather.com Overall around a third more rainfall can be expected to be recorded this summer, with an estimated 31% more compared to average. This is mostly because a very wet June is expected, when up to twice as much rain may be recorded over the month, while July is expecting around 5% more rainfall overall and August only slightly drier than average by around 6%. Overall, the Ulster Province can expect around a third more rainfall than average, Connaught around 18% more, Leinster up to 43% more and Munster around 37% more rainfall than average. The wettest region over summer can be expected around the south western coastal fringes of the country with an estimated 300-320mm possible in many coastal districts and in particular around the far southwest Tralee Bay where an estimated 420-440mm of rainfall may be recorded, which is twice the summer average for the region. In contrast, the northwestern coastal regions can expect the least rainfall over the summer season, with an estimated 230-240mm in total from Belmullet to Malin Heads districts, but this is still expected to be slightly above average by around 3-6%. Key Points: An estimated 31% more rainfall than average is anticipated with all regions expected to record average to above average rainfall by the end of the season. June may see up to twice as much rainfall as normal. July is expected to bring close to average rainfall. August is expected to be drier overall by around 5-6%. Wettest regions expected to be around Tralee Bay to the south and Lough Navar in the north with up to 400+mm for the season. The least recorded precipitation this season is expected to be in the northwest of the country with estimated precipitation expected between 200-250mm for the season. SUMMER SUNSHINE: SUNSHINE: After a pleasant, sunnier than average end to autumn, cloudier conditions return over summer, with each month expected to result in less sunshine hours than average and an overall expectation for this season to be cloudier by around 22%. The cloudiest part of the country is expected to be in the far southwest around Tralee with only around 230 hours in total for the entire season, while the most sunshine hours can be expected around Cork with an estimated 435 hours for the summer. Most places can expect to average around an estimated 315 hours in Ulster, 340 hours (average) in Connaught, 375-380 hours in Leinster and 350 hours in Munster overall - compared to 445 hours, 342 hours, 459 hours and 438 hours respectively.

www.predictweather.com Key Points: The extra rainfall expected reflects in around 22% more cloud than average Each month is expected to be cloudier compared to the average with June possibly cloudier by up to 45%, but July and August closer to average cloud with around 9% and 8% more than average respectively. Cloudiest region likely to be around Newport in the Munster Province. Sunniest region likely to be to the east and southeast of the country, including around Dublin to Edenderry with a possible 380-400 sun hours likely to be recorded by the end of the season, followed closely by Tralee to Killarney region and the vicinity around Markree Castle, Sligo.

TEMPERATURES: SUMMER TEMPERATURES: Above average rain and cloud this month also results in an overall a cooler summer than usual with most places recording an between 1-1.5C less than average by the end of the season but colder pockets around the Antrim Plateau in Ulster to the north and around the Kerry county in the southwest may be cooler overall by up to 2C. Key Points: Overall temperatures expected to be cooler by up to 1-2C. Colder pockets around the Antrim Plateau in Ulster and Kerry County by up to 2C compared to normal.

www.predictweather.com Rainfall Summer 2011 Rainfall Wetter / Drier Expectations

ULSTER PROVINCE Aldergrove 36% wtr Hillsborough Armagh (Northern Ireland?) LoughNavar Malin Head 14% wtr 33% wtr 71% wtr 4% wtr Overall 33% wtr

CONNAUGHT PROVINCE Sligo 6% Ardtarmon 13% wtr Belmullet 3% wtr Drumsna 30% wtr Galway 27% wtr Roscommon (orOverall Athlone) 30% wtr 18% wtr

SUMMER 2011 wtr / drr %

wtr

LEINSTER PROVINCE Markree Castle Edenderry 19% wtr 36% wtr Kilkenny 38% wtr Dublin 89% wtr Overall 43% wtr

2011 Overall 31% wtr

MUNSTER PROVINCE Shannon 21% wtr Newport 22% wtr Tralee 90% wtr Killarney 12% wtr Cork 45% wtr Overall 37% wtr

Sunshine Summer Sunshine Sunnier / Cloudier Expectations

ULSTER PROVINCE Aldergrove 31% cldr Hillsborough Armagh (Northern Ireland?) LoughNavar Malin Head 23% cldr 34% cldr 39% cldr 21% cldr Overall 29% cldr

CONNAUGHT PROVINCE Sligo 14% Ardtarmon 15% cldr Belmullet 30% cldr Drumsna 8% cldr Galway 22% cldr Roscommon (orOverall Athlone) 27% cldr 20% cldr

SUMMER 2011 snnr / cldr

cldr

LEINSTER PROVINCE Markree Castle Edenderry 12% cldr 18% cldr Kilkenny 20% cldr Dublin 20% cldr Overall 18% cldr

2011 Overall 22% cldr

MUNSTER PROVINCE Shannon 25% cldr Newport 40% cldr Tralee 12% cldr Killarney 12% cldr Cork 13% cldr Overall 20% cldr

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Temperatures Summer 2011 Temperatures Warmer / Cooler Expectations

ULSTER
Summer Est av Diff Trend 16.9 18.2 (1.3) clr 16.4 18.2 (1.9) clr 17.1 18.8 (1.7) clr 16.1 17.1 (1.0) a-c 14.9 15.9 (1.0) a-c

CONNAUGHT
16.9 16.7 0.3 av 17.1 18.0 (0.9) a-c 16.9 18.2 (1.3) clr

LEINSTER
17.9 19.2 (1.3) clr 17.5 18.2 (0.7) a-c 18.0 18.8 (0.8) a-c

MUNSTER
KillarneyCork 17.5 17.4 0.1 av 16.9 17.8 (0.8) a-c Total 16.9 18.0 (1.1) clr 16.9 18.3 (1.4) clr 16.1 18.7 (2.6) clr

Aldergrove Hillsborough Armagh (Northern Malin Head LoughNavar Ireland?)DrumsnaGalway Roscommon (or Athlone) ShannonNewport Tralee Kilkenny Dublin

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MAY 2011 Temperatures) (Average Rain, Sun and Temperatures)

May Rainfall: A mixture of wetter and drier than average conditions can be expected this month, with most of Ulster wetter by around 39%, Connaught drier by an average 25%, Leinster wetter by an average 4% and Munster wetter by an average 12% across the Provinces resulting in an overall expectation for the country of around 4% more recorded precipitation compared to average. The driest part of the country this month is expected to extend from the Sligo County in Connaught and throughout the Shannon Basin, with most places recording around 25% less rainfall than average, or around 20-25mm below average (estimated 50-70mm precipitation compared to the average 70-90mm).

www.predictweather.com The wettest part of the country this month is expected to be in the northeast of Ulster, where an anticipated 30-50mm more rainfall may be recorded, or wetter by around 50-60% (estimated 85-100mm for the month compared to the average 55-60mm for May). The far southwest of Kerry may also record similar rainfall expectations, with the Killarney district possibly the wettest place this month with an estimated 125-130mm of rainfall for the month compared to the average 72mm (wetter by an estimated 78%). Most rainfall is expected in the last week of the month, but the first week is also expected to have widespread light to moderate rainfall across the country. However, as this is the New Moon phase, much of this rainfall is expected to fall in the evenings and overnight allowing for mostly fine conditions during the day, although with predominately cloud to overcast skies, rain is likely to regularly threaten. Some heavy rain is anticipated at the New Moon around Cork, with up to 20mm possibly being recorded over 24 hours around the 4th-5th. The 2nd and 3rd weeks are mainly fine, dry and frequently sunny, making this a good time to embark on outdoor activities and marred only by some light to isolated showers possible around the 11th-15th. The last 10 days of the month however, sees a deterioration in conditions, with some isolated shower activity developing around the 21st-23rd before widespread and sometimes heavy rain returns for the remainder of most of the month from the 24th-31st. Heavy rain can be expected in the north of the country and in the Limerick County around the 24th, when up to 35mm may be recorded over this day in some places. Heavy rain is also expected around the 27th-28th, when around 20-25mm may fall over a 24 hour period in many places, and the district around Killarney may have extremely heavy rain recorded of up to 70-75mm during this spell, resulting in flooding potential in this district. Precipitation around the 25th-26th may be recorded as late snow flurries in the Ulster and Leinster Provinces over these dates. Key Points: Fairly average rainfall expected with around 4% more overall compared to the norm. - Ulster Province can expect around 39% more rainfall than average, with most districts likely to record average to above average rainfall. (The Armagh district is likely to be the wettest with an estimated 100-110mm for May or wetter by an estimated 101%).

www.predictweather.com - Connaught Province can expect around 25% less rainfall than average, (the Roscommon and Ardtarmon districts are likely to be the driest with an estimated 35-45mm for the month or drier by an estimated 35% and 46% respectively). - Leinster Province can expect average rainfall wetter in coastal regions, drier inland with an overall estimate of around 1% more overall). (The Dublin district is likely to be the wetter by an average 32% (estimated 70-75mm compared to the norm 55mm) to the inland districts around Markree Castle drier by an estimated 23% with an estimated 60-65mm for the month). - The Munster Province can expect up to 4% more rainfall than average, (the Cork district is likely to be the driest by percentage at around 13% drier than average, while the Shannon region driest by estimated potential of around 60-65mm for the month, which is estimated close to average. The wettest region in the Munster Province is likely to be around Killarney with an estimated 125130mm for the month, or wetter by an estimated 78%). A mostly fine spell can be anticipated over the 2nd and 3rd weeks broken only by a brief isolated showery spell around the 11th-15th. Most of this months rainfall totals are likely to be the result of heavy rain events which are expected to be recorded in the last week of the month from around the 24th-28th. Heavy downpours in the Killarney region in the last week of the month may result in some flooding risks.

May Sunshine: An overall increase of 80-85 hours across the country can be expected this month, resulting in slightly above average sunshine expectations by around 6% compared to average. However, the Ulster Province can still expect slightly less sunshine than average for May with around 92% of its average hours expected. All other Provinces can expect fairly close to average sunshine as well, but tending towards slightly more than with the Connaught Province slightly sunnier by around 5%, Leinster by around 10% and with the Munster Province coming out best with around 19-20% more sunshine than average. While the first week is unlikely to have any overcast days except briefly around the Malin Heads region around the 3rd, plenty of scattered cloud is likely to bring the overall sunshine expectation down to around 2-4 hours per day across the country.

www.predictweather.com This is then expected to be followed by a long, mostly fine period during the 2nd and 3rd weeks bringing widespread good sunny days to most of the country, with an average of 8 hours per day across the country, with some days likely to receive up to 12-13 hours in places, with the average only bought down by some cloudier pockets around the 12th and 15th-16th in the north and around the 11th12th, 17th and 20th-22nd in the south. The 24th-25th and again around the 28th are expected to be the cloudiest period this month, with mostly overcast skies likely across the country, except for more moderate scattered cloud in Munster during the 24th-25th, and in Leinster around the 28th. A final very sunny spell can be expected at the end of the month around the 29th31st, when an average of around 9 hours is expected to be recorded each day across the country, with particularly high sunshine hours of around 11-12 hours around the 29th and again in Munster around the 31st. Key Points: Average sunshine likely with overall estimation of around 6% more sunshine hours than normal with an average estimate of around 190 recorded sun hours likely in most places. Cloudiest region is expected in the northwest of the Ulster Province with the Armagh to Ballykelly districts possibly recording as little as 150-160 sun hours for the month, or cloudier by an estimated 9-18% respectively. Sunniest regions are expected to be in the eastern and southern districts across Leinster and Munster, with an estimated average 190-220 sunshine hours for the month, or sunnier by around 15-20%. Of the towns covered by this report, Cork is expected to be the sunniest overall, with an estimated 225-230 sunshine hours for the month, or sunnier by around 21% compared to the average. May Temperatures: While the overall average expectation has increased by around 3C this month, temperatures are likely to be more consistently milder but not reach the higher levels experienced last month in Connaught around the end of last month. Even so, the northern Shannon Basin region in Connaught can again expect to be warmer overall by up to 3-4C this month compared to the average, while the far southwest around the Kerry County of Munster can again expect to be colder by around 1C compared to average as well as the northern coastal regions of Ulster cooler compared to average by around 1-2C.

www.predictweather.com Mild spells are expected around the 1st-3rd, 5th-12th, 15th-29th this month with the warmest periods likely to be around 8th-10th and again around the 23rd while the coolest period this month is expected around the 12th-14th and 23rd-28th. Frosts are still expected this month, with sub-zero temperatures still likely on at least 5 days, particularly around the 4th, 13th-14th, and 30th-31st in most places except in Connaught where no frosts are expected this month and daily minimums are not expected to drop below 3C with the average minimum temperature more around the 7-10C region. Daily maximas are expected to range between 5-20C, slightly less than last months warmer spell in Connaught by around 2C, and average around 13-14C in most places, while daily minimums are expected to range between -3 to 11C. Key Points: Average temperatures overall. Coolest parts likely to be in the Ulster Province. Warmest parts expected northern parts of the Shannon Basin, possibly warmer by up to 3+ degrees overall compared to the average. At least 5 sub-zero frosts days likely with the greatest potentials around the 4th, 13th-14th and 30th-31st. No severe frosts expected in the Connaught Province. Ulster can expect up to 3 days to reach 20C, Munster 6 days, Leinster 2 days and Connaught 9 days. Warmest period expected between the Full Moon and 3rd Quarter (18th25th). An earlier warm spell is likely around the 9th-11th when temperatures may reach 20C in many places. Warm spells (maximas above 20C): : Ulster: 10th Connaught: 2nd, 9th-11th, 18th-19th, 22nd-23rd, 25th Leinster: 22nd-23rd Munster: 9th-10th, 18th-19th, 22nd-23rd Mild spells (no sub-zero temperatures likely): 1st-3rd, 5th-12th, 15th-29th Potentials: Frost Potentials Ulster: 3rd-6th, 10th, 13th-15th, 18th, 23rd-27th, 29th-31st Connaught: 13th Leinster: 3rd-6th, 10th, 12th-19th, 23rd-27th, 29th-31st Munster: 3rd-6th, 10th, 12th-16th, 18th, 23rd-27th, 29th-31st

www.predictweather.com Potentials: Hail Potentials Leinster: 25th Potentials: Snow Potentials Ulster: 26th Leinster: 25th Fogs Possible: 8th, 13th Flooding Potentials: Ulster: 24th-27th Munster: 24th, 28th Strong winds Possible: 26th

www.predictweather.com Rainfall Expectations May 2011 Rainfall Wetter / Drier Expectations

ULSTER PROVINCE Aldergrove 50% wtr Hillsborough Armagh (Northern Ireland?) LoughNavar Malin Head 63% wtr 101% wtr 8% wtr 17% drr Overall 39% wtr

CONNAUGHT PROVINCE Sligo 9% Ardtarmon 46% drr Belmullet 4% wtr Drumsna 33% wtr Galway 24% drr Roscommon (orOverall Athlone) 35% drr 25% drr

MAY 2011 wtr / drr %

drr

LEINSTER PROVINCE Markree Castle Edenderry 23% drr 4% wtr Kilkenny 16% wtr Dublin 32% wtr Overall 4% wtr

2011 Overall 4% wtr

MUNSTER PROVINCE Shannon 2% wtr Newport 1% wtr Tralee 4% drr Killarney 78% wtr Cork 13% drr Overall 12% wtr

Temperatures May 2011 Temperatures Warmer / Cooler Expectations

ULSTER
May Est av Diff Trend 13.9 14.7 (0.8) a-c 13.4 14.7 (1.3) clr 14.4 15.2 (0.8) a-c 14.1 13.7 0.4 av 11.3 12.7 (1.4) clr

CONNAUGHT
17.9 14 3.9 wmr 15.0 15 (0.0) av 17.9 14.9 3.0 wmr

LEINSTER
14.2 15.1 (0.9) a-c 13.5 14.2 (0.7) a-c 15.5 15.3 0.2 av

MUNSTER
KillarneyCork 14.7 14.3 0.4 av 14.0 13.8 0.2 av Total 14.6 14.5 0.1 av 15.0 15 (0.0) av 14.1 15.2 (1.1) clr

Aldergrove Hillsborough Armagh (Northern Malin Head LoughNavar Ireland?)DrumsnaGalway Roscommon (or Athlone) ShannonNewport Tralee Kilkenny Dublin

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Estimated Trend of Maximum Temperature (Province Averages)
25 20 Temp Deg C 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 May 2011 Ulster Connaught Leinster Munster

Estimated Trend of Minimum Temperatures (Province Averages)

14 12 Temp Deg C 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 May 2011 Ulster Connaught Leinster Munster

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JUNE 2011 (Wetter, Cloudier, Slightly Cooler) Wetter, Cooler)

June Rainfall: Summer starts off on a very wet note with an overall expectation of around twice as much rain as normal across the country, with some pockets expecting up to three times as much rain. Overall, the Ulster Province can expect around 77% above average rainfall, while Connaught around 84% more, Leinster up to 179% more and Munster around 109% wetter. The wettest region this month is expected to be in eastern Leinster, when a particularly heavy rain spell that passes across the country around the 22nd may add around 100mm more rainfall to the Dublin estimate compared to average and possibly result in the risk of flooding across several of the eastern counties of this

www.predictweather.com Province. Overall, the Dublin region itself can expect up to 323% more rain than average, with an estimated 230-240mm recorded precipitation for the month compared to the average 56mm. The region with the least anticipated recorded rainfall this month is around Malin Heads in the far northwest of the country, with an estimated 70mm compared to the average 64mm, which nevertheless still follows the trend of the rest of the country of being wetter overall by around 8%. Some measure of precipitation can be expected on an almost daily basis this month, with the only widespread mainly fine, sunny and dry spell expected over the 14th-20th, but even still some light shower activity can be expected almost daily again in the Connaught Province during this phase. While much of the rain over the first week can be expected overnight due to it being the New Moon phase, widespread heavy rain can be expected across the country around the 5th-6th and again in the southern parts around the 1st Quarter (10th-12th) and daily rain activity can be expected to continue almost up until the Full Moon (15th). After the Full Moon / Southern Declination fine spell ends widespread rain activity returns from the 20th-21st onwards across the country and continues daily until the end of the month. In the early days of this spell, widespread heavy rain can be expected, predominately around the 22nd-24th, when up to 20-30mm may be commonly recorded over a single 24 hour period in many places and up to a total of 60mm over the 3 days. Particularly heavy rain in Connaught and Leinster may see pockets of localized flooding, particularly in the eastern parts of Leinster. Key Points: Much wetter than average conditions at around twice as much recorded rainfall than average. - Ulster Province can expect around 77% more rainfall than average, with all districts likely to record average to above average rainfall. (The Aldergrove to Lough Navar districts are likely to be the wettest with an estimated 135-150mm for June or wetter by an estimated 122% and 103% respectively). - Connaught Province can expect around 84% more rainfall than average, (the Roscommon to Galway districts are likely to be the wettest with an estimated 140-160mm for the month or wetter by an estimated 133% and 107% respectively).

www.predictweather.com - Leinster Province can expect up to 175-180% more rainfall than average, (the Dublin district is likely to be the wettest with an estimated 230240mm for the month, which is an estimated 320% more than normal). - The Munster Province can expect up to 109% more rainfall than average, (the Cork district is likely to be the wettest with an estimated 210+mm for the month compared to average, or wetter by an estimated 210%). Precipitation expected to be recorded almost daily throughout the month. Longest dry spell expected over the Full Moon / Southern Declination period from around the 14th-20th, although some light shower activity is still anticipated in pockets.

June Sunshine: June is looking to have around 45% less sunshine than average this month overall for the country, with only half the usual sunshine hours likely to be recorded in the Ulster region, or an expectation of around 75 hours in most places in total compared to the average 163 hours for June. The Connaught Province can expect to do slightly better with around 54% of its usual sunshine hours being recorded, or an expected average of an estimated 80-85 hours for most places compared to the average 156 sunshine hours. The eastern part of the country in the Leinster Province can expect around 42% more cloud than average, or an estimated 95 hours of sunshine compared to the average 162 hours for most places, but the Province with the most estimated sunshine hours this month is likely to be Munster, with most places likely to receive around 105 hours of sunshine this month but its still below average by around 39%, with the average sunshine hours usually around the 150-170 mark. Mostly cloudy skies to overcast dominate much of this month, with widespread overcast conditions expected around the 6th-8th and 21st-24th, and mostly cloudy skies on around a further 16-17 days, and only 2 short sunny spells are expected throughout the entire month. The first and sunniest spell this month is expected midway around the 16th-19th just after the Full Moon, when most places can expect to receive a long sunny day around the start of this period before scattered cloud increases and returns to overcast skies once more by around the 21st. A second moderately sunny spell can also be expected around the 29th-30th of the month and the 7th-8th may also see up to 6-9 hours of sun each day but only in the Munster Province, while the remainder of the country is mostly cloudy to overcast.

www.predictweather.com Key Points: Only around 55% of the average sunshine expected for this month with an estimated 80-90 recorded sun hours likely in most places. Cloudiest region is expected in the northwest of the Ulster Province with the Armagh district possibly recording as little as 60-70 sun hours for the month, or cloudier by an estimated 54%, which is a similar percentage shared by most districts in the north of the country Sunniest region is expected to be in the eastern coastal regions from Dublin to Cork, with an estimated 100-110 sun hours likely for the month, but this is still cloudier than average by an estimated 30-40%. Temperatures: June Temperatures Overall a slightly cooler than average start to summer, with temperatures expected to be around 0.5-1C less than normal in most places but with pockets around Lough Neagh and Drumlin Belt in Ulster slightly more cooler by around 1.3C and the eastern parts of Leinster and the Kerry county in Munster cooler by up to 1.5-1.8C. Only the area around the northern parts of the Shannon Basin in Connaught can expect to go against this months cooler trend and record slightly a warmer than average month overall by around 1-1.5C. No frosts are expected this month, and daily maximums are expected to be fairly consistent in the mid to upper teens, while daily minimums are still likely to fluctuate a little more extreme with daily maximums expected to range between 10-20C averaging around 15C overall, and daily minimums range between 214C and average at around 9-10C most days. Mild spells are expected during the first few days of the first week and again around the 18th-22nd while cooler spells are expected at the end of the first week and again around the middle of the month (15th-17th) and again from the 24th onwards. Key Points: Slightly cooler than average overall by an estimated 0.5-1C mostly due to the increased cloud expectations. Coolest parts likely to be in the northwest Ulster. Warmest parts expected northern parts of the Shannon Basin. No frosts are expected. Ulster can expect up to 3 days to reach 20C, Munster 6 days, Leinster 4 days and Connaught 1 day. Warmest period expected between the Full Moon and 3rd Quarter (15th23rd).

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Warm spells (maximas above 20C): 13th-21st Frost Potentials (< 4C): No frosts are expected this month. Hail Potentials: No hail is expected this month Snow Potentials: No snow expected this month Fogs Possible: No fogs are expected this month Strong winds: No strong winds are expected this month Flooding Potential: Leinster: 22nd

www.predictweather.com Rainfall June 2011 Rainfall Wetter / Drier Expectations

ULSTER PROVINCE Aldergrove 122% wtr Hillsborough Armagh (Northern Ireland?) LoughNavar Malin Head 67% wtr 82% wtr 103% wtr 8% wtr Overall 77% wtr

CONNAUGHT PROVINCE Sligo 54% Ardtarmon 63% wtr Belmullet 57% wtr Drumsna 100% wtr Galway 107% wtr Roscommon (orOverall Athlone) 133% wtr 84% wtr

JUNE 2011 wtr / drr %

wtr

LEINSTER PROVINCE Markree Castle Edenderry 62% wtr 175% wtr Kilkenny 212% wtr Dublin 323% wtr Overall 179% wtr

2011 Overall 106% wtr

MUNSTER PROVINCE Shannon 93% wtr Newport 67% wtr Tralee 131% wtr Killarney 60% wtr Cork 210% wtr Overall 109% wtr

Sunshine June 2011 Sunshine Sunnier / Cloudier Expectations

ULSTER PROVINCE Aldergrove 53% cldr Hillsborough Armagh (Northern Ireland?) LoughNavar Malin Head 50% cldr 54% cldr 57% cldr 47% cldr Overall 52% cldr

CONNAUGHT PROVINCE Sligo 47% Ardtarmon 47% cldr Belmullet 54% cldr Drumsna 40% cldr Galway 42% cldr Roscommon (orOverall Athlone) 45% cldr 46% cldr

JUNE 2011 snnr / cldr

cldr

LEINSTER PROVINCE Markree Castle Edenderry 39% cldr 41% cldr Kilkenny 46% cldr Dublin 41% cldr Overall 42% cldr

2011 Overall 45% cldr

MUNSTER PROVINCE Shannon 40% cldr Newport 44% cldr Tralee 35% cldr Killarney 36% cldr Cork 39% cldr Overall 39% cldr

www.predictweather.com Temperatures JUNE 2011 Temperatures Warmer / Cooler Expectations

ULSTER
June Est av Diff Trend 16.1 17.1 (1.0) a-c 15.8 17.1 (1.3) clr 16.4 17.7 (1.3) clr 16.0 16.05 (0.0) av 14.1 15 (0.9) a-c

CONNAUGHT
16.4 15 1.4 wmr 16.1 17 (0.9) a-c 16.4 17.3 (0.9) a-c

LEINSTER
16.3 18.1 (1.8) clr 16.0 17.2 (1.2) clr 17.4 17.9 (0.5) av

MUNSTER
KillarneyCork 16.2 16.4 (0.2) av 15.0 16.6 (1.6) clr Total 16.0 16.9 (0.9) a-c 16.0 17 (1.0) a-c 16.0 17.8 (1.8) clr

Aldergrove Hillsborough Armagh (Northern Malin Head LoughNavar Ireland?)DrumsnaGalway Roscommon (or Athlone) ShannonNewport Tralee Kilkenny Dublin

Estimated Trend of Maximum Temperature (Province Averages)

25 20 Temp Deg C 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 June 2011 Ulster Connaught Leinster Munster

Estimated Trend of Minimum Temperatures (Province Averages)

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 June 2011 Ulster Connaught Leinster Munster

Temp Deg C

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JULY 2011 rain, Cooler) (Average rain, Cloudier, Cooler)

July Rainfall: Overall a fairly typical month with regard to rainfall expectations, with an overall estimate of around 5% more precipitation than average, with some pockets of the country expecting slightly above average rainfall while others can expect slightly drier than average results. Broadly speaking, the east of the country, the Mayo and Sligo counties to the west and the Limerick County to the southwest can expect drier than average conditions by around 20% in the north and central regions and around 3-4% in the southwest. The remaining regions can expect slightly above average rainfall, with most places on average expecting around 20% more rainfall than average but the Fermanagh County of Ulster and the Tralee Bay region of Kerry can expect 45-50% more rainfall than average.

www.predictweather.com The wettest place this month is expected to be around Tralee in the southwest, with an estimated 125-130mm precipitation for the month compared to the average of 83mm while the driest region this month is expected to be around Dublin with an estimated 40mm compared to the average 50mm. After Junes heavy rains at the end of the month, July starts with a drying out period with an expectation that most of the first 2 weeks will be mainly fine with only some isolated pockets of shower activity, mostly around the 2nd, 6th, 9th10th and 13th-15th. However, from the 18-19th onwards, regular rain and shower activity returns with widespread shower activity expected on most days and including the likelihood of heavy rain in some pockets around Ulster and Munster around the 24th and again across the country around the 28th-29th, with an expectation of between 18-25mm possibly being recorded on these occasions. Key Points: Average rainfall expected overall this month with an estimated 5% more than normal. - Ulster Province wetter by an estimated 7% - Connaught Province drier by an estimated 1% - Leinster Province drier by an estimated 9% - Munster Province wetter by an estimated 17% Some extreme variations to the norm are possible with Lough Navar in the Ulster Province, Galway to Drumsna in the Connaught Province and the Tralee region in the Munster Province all likely to record between 30-50% more rainfall than average. Lough Navar and Tralee regions likely to record the most rainfall this month at around 130mm. Driest area likely to be eastern coastal counties, with an estimated 4050mm likely overall for these districts, drier by an estimated 20-25%. Plenty of fine spells over the first 2 weeks with most recorded precipitation expected from after the Full Moon (15th) onwards. July Sunshine: Overall, close to average sunshine expectations this month, but still slightly cloudier by around 9% compared to the average, with Ulster cloudier by around 18% and an estimated 115 sunshine hours on average across the region compared to the average 143 hours, Connaught by around 4%, or around 130 estimated sunshine hours compared to the average 134, Leinster by around 10% or an estimated 135-140 sunshine hours in most places in this Province this month compared to the average 152 hours and Munster the expected sunniest

www.predictweather.com Province overall with an estimated 170-175 sunshine hours this month compared to the average 167 hours, but still resulting with an expected 6% less sunshine. Around 15 days this month are expected to be mostly cloudy to overcast particularly around the 1st-2nd, 11th-14th and 24th-31st, although isolated sunny pockets may occur around the 11th mostly in the northwest of the country. The sunniest spells this month can be expected around the 3rd-9th, when the north and west of the country can expect an average of 7 hours sunshine a day, peaking at around 10-11 hours in the northeast of Ulster around the 3rd and 8th, and similar hours in Connaught around the 3rd, and Leinster around the 8th. The next mostly sunny spell can be expected around the 15th-18th but mostly in the south of the country where an anticipated average of 7 hours of sunshine is likely each day around Munster, while Connaught and Leinster Provinces can expect around 4-5 hours each day, and only the Ulster Province can expect mostly cloudy conditions during this spell. Finally, the last mostly sunny spell arrives in the lead up days to the New Moon, with around 7-8 sun hours a day likely across the country from the 20th-23rd. Key Points: About a third more sunshine hours this month compared to last month. Still cloudier than average but only by around 9% compared to average. Most places can expect to record between 120-140 sun hours for the month. Around 15 mostly cloudy to overcast days anticipated (1st-2nd, 11th-14th, 24th-31st). Three main sunny periods anticipated (3rd-9th, 15th-18th and 20th-23rd) with the sunniest period expected over the first 2 weeks of the month. Sunniest place expected to be in the eastern counties from Dublin to Cork, where up to 140-170 sunshine hours may be recorded by the end of July. Least sunshine hours expected in the south around Newport and in the north around Armagh where only an estimated 76 sunshine hours and 94 sunshine hours respectively are anticipated. July Temperatures: Another cooler than average month can be expected this July with an average overall expectation of around 1.2C cooler than normal for mid summer. Particularly cooler than average conditions can be expected in Ulster where many places may record temperatures up to 2C less than average overall, while Connaught and Leinster can expect lower temperatures by around 1.5C and the

www.predictweather.com Munster Province by around 1.5-2C less than average, although some milder pockets can be anticipated around the Kerry County to the south and the northern Shannon Basin to the north, where slightly above average temperatures may be recorded but only by around 0.5-1C No frosts are expected this month, and daily maximums are expected to be fairly consistent in the mid to upper teens, averaging around the 16-17C range, but a warmer spell during the second week of the month is likely to see maximum temperatures reach as high as 24-25C in some places and a cool spell in the third week of the month may see daily maximas more consistent around the 1516C range but also drop as low as 12-13C in the Ulster counties. Daily minimums are still likely to fluctuate a little more extreme with daily minimums ranging between 3-15C and average at around 10C overall. Cool minimum spells around the 4th-6th and again around the 20th-24th may see most places across the country unable to record minimum temperatures into double digits and instead remain closer to the 6-8 C range during these periods. Key Points: Cooler than average overall by an estimated 1.2C. Cooler by up to 2C in some parts of Ulster and up to 2.5-3C cooler around Tralee to the south. Warmest pockets expected around the Kerry County to the south and in the northern Shannon Basin, where temperatures are anticipated to be slightly above average overall by an estimated 0.5-1C. No frosts are expected. Ulster can expect up to 8 days to reach 20C, Munster 13 days, Leinster 11 days and Connaught 5 days. Warmest periods expected in the 2nd week around the 7th-10th, again at the Full Moon (14th-15th) and in the last week around the 25th-28th.

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Warm spells (maximas above 20C): 7th-10th, 13th-15th, 25th-28th Frost Potentials (< 4C): No frosts are expected this month although daily minima may drop as low as 2-4C overnight around Lough Navar to the north and Tralee in the south around the 5th-6th and again around the 23rd. Hail Potentials: No hail is expected this month Snow Potentials: No snow expected this month Fogs Possible: No fogs are expected this month Strong winds: winds: No strong winds are expected this month

www.predictweather.com Rainfall July 2011 Rainfall Wetter / Drier Expectations

ULSTER PROVINCE Aldergrove 19% drr Hillsborough Armagh (Northern Ireland?) LoughNavar Malin Head 24% drr 18% wtr 45% wtr 8% wtr Overall 7% wtr

CONNAUGHT PROVINCE Sligo 20% Ardtarmon 3% drr Belmullet 19% drr Drumsna 20% wtr Galway 29% wtr Roscommon (orOverall Athlone) 6% wtr 1% drr

JULY 2011 wtr / drr %

drr

LEINSTER PROVINCE Markree Castle Edenderry 9% wtr 26% drr Kilkenny 6% drr Dublin 19% drr Overall 9% drr

2011 Overall 5% wtr

MUNSTER PROVINCE Shannon 4% drr Newport 3% drr Tralee 54% wtr Killarney 19% wtr Cork 16% wtr Overall 17% wtr

Sunshine July 2011 Sunshine Sunnier / Cloudier Expectations

ULSTER PROVINCE Aldergrove 16% cldr Hillsborough Armagh (Northern Ireland?) LoughNavar Malin Head 10% cldr 30% cldr 30% cldr 4% cldr Overall 18% cldr

CONNAUGHT PROVINCE Sligo 9% Ardtarmon 8% snnr Belmullet 13% cldr Drumsna 6% snnr Galway 9% cldr Roscommon (orOverall Athlone) 17% cldr 4% cldr

JULY 2011 snnr / cldr

snnr

LEINSTER PROVINCE Markree Castle Edenderry 3% cldr 11% cldr Kilkenny 8% cldr Dublin 16% cldr Overall 10% cldr

2011 Overall 9% cldr

MUNSTER PROVINCE Shannon 13% cldr Newport 37% cldr Tralee 4% snnr Killarney 5% snnr Cork 3% snnr Overall 6% cldr

www.predictweather.com Temperatures JULY 2011 Temperatures Warmer / Cooler Expectations

ULSTER
July Est av Diff Trend
17.4 16.7 17.6 16.4 15.1

CONNAUGHT
17.4 17.7 17.4

LEINSTER
18.4 18.2 18.4

MUNSTER
KillarneyCork
18.2 18.0

Aldergrove Hillsborough Armagh (Northern Malin Head LoughNavar Ireland?)DrumsnaGalway Roscommon (or Athlone) ShannonNewport Tralee Kilkenny Dublin
17.4 16.4

Total 17.4 18.6 (1.2) clr

19 (1.6) clr

19 (2.3) clr

19.6 (2.0) clr

17.6 (1.2) clr

16.2 (1.1) clr

17 0.4 av

19 (1.3) clr

19 (1.6) clr

19.9 (1.5) clr

18.9 (0.7) a-c

19.4 (1.0) a-c

19 (1.6) clr

19.2 (2.8) clr

17.9 0.3 av

18.5 (0.5) av

Estimated Trend of Maximum Temperature (Province Averages)

25 20 Temp Deg C 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 July 2011 Ulster Connaught Leinster Munster

Estimated Trend of Minimum Temperatures (Province Averages)

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 July 2011 Ulster Connaught Leinster Munster

Temp Deg C

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AUGUST 2011 Drier, Cloudier, Cooler) (Drier, Cloudier, Cooler)

August Rainfall: Even though some precipitation is expected to be recorded on an almost daily basis across the country this month, overall rainfall expectations are likely to still be less than average by around 6%. Only the Ulster Province can expect above average rainfall in most places this month with around 21% more rain than average for August, while Connaught and Leinster can expect to be drier by around 19% and 27% respectively and only the Munster Province can expect average rainfall results overall, but still drier by around 1%. However, some low rainfall amounts are still expected in the southern reaches of Munster, where up to 30-60% less rain is likely around Kerry to Cork respectively and only the Tralee region in this Province can once more expect above average rainfall with almost

www.predictweather.com twice as much as usual, or an estimated 160mm compared to the average 84mm. The only other part of the country expecting higher than average rainfall is up in the north of the country where the area around Fermanagh can also expect a similar rainfall quantity to Tralee or wetter by around 71% while the remainder of the Ulster Province can all expect on average around 6-10% more rain than average. Isolated to light showers can be expected daily in most places this month for the first 3 weeks interspersed with the occasional scattered rainy pockets. The longest fine spell this month expected to arrive after the 25th when widespread dry conditions are likely to dominate the country for a few days and in some places, mostly in the east of the country, remain until the end of the month. However, showers are expected to return across the central parts of the country around the 28th-31st as well as isolated pockets of light showers likely in the remainder of the country around the 29th-31st. Pockets of heavy rain is likely around the 12th-13th in Munster and again across the country around the 19th-21st but only with rainfall quantities of around 1520mm maximum during these occasions. Key Points: Overall drier than average by an estimated 6%. A mixture of wetter and drier than average conditions - Ulster wetter overall by an estimated 21% - Connaught drier overall by an estimated 19% - Leinster drier overall by an estimated 27% - Munster average with an estimated 1% less rainfall than normal. Driest part of the country expected to be in the east from Dublin to Cork, with an estimate of only around 35-50mm possible for the month. Wettest part of the country expected to be around Lough Navar to the north and Tralee to the south both with an estimated 150-160mm possible for the month. Precipitation expected to be recorded almost daily in most places, clearing to mostly fine with only the occasional isolated shower from around the 26th-31st. Heavy rain expected around Munster and Ulster Provinces around the Full Moon (12th-14th) and again scattered across the country around the 3rd Quarter (19th-21st). to extend from the Sligo County in Connaught and throughout the throughout Basin, Shannon Basin with most places recording around 25% less rainfall than average, or around 20-25mm below average (estimated 50-70mm precipitation compared to the average 70-90mm).

www.predictweather.com August Sunshine: While overall further cloudier than average conditions can be expected once more this month, the margin is only slightly above average with an expectation of around 8% more cloud than average, with Ulster expecting around 14% more cloud, Connaught around 5% more, Munster around 13% more cloud but the Leinster Province right on average at around 1% sunnier compared to normal. Average sunshine hours (within 10 hours of the norm) this month can be expected in the far north of the Shannon Basin and northwest to Malin Heads, as well as southeast throughout most of the Leinster counties and in the far southern parts of Munster. The sunniest part of the country this month is expected to be in Leinster with an estimated average of sunshine hours across the Province of 145-150, which is also shared by Cork. The cloudiest part of the country this month is expected to be in Ulster with an estimated 115-120 hours on average across the region, compared to the norm of 140 hours. An expected 13-15 days this month will be mostly cloudy with widespread overcast days most likely around the 1st-2nd, 17th and 29th-30th. However, moderately sunny spells are expected around the 3rd-10th, 13th-16th and 23rd28th, with an average sun hour expectation of around 5 hours a day during the first spell, 5-6 hours a day during the second and 6-7 hours a day during the third spell. The sunniest dates this month are expected around the 16th and 27th, when most places are likely to enjoy between 10-13 hours of sunshine each day. Key Points: Fairly average sunshine hours this month but still around 8% less than average. A similar amount of sunshine hours as last month overall. Most places can expect to record between 120-140 sun hours for the month. Around 13-15 mostly cloudy to overcast days anticipated. Three main sunny periods anticipated (3rd-9th, 15th-18th and 20th-23rd) with the sunniest period expected over the first 2 weeks of the month. The sunniest dates this month are expected around the 16th and 27th, when most places are likely to enjoy between 10-13 hours of sunshine each day. Sunniest place expected to be in the eastern counties from Dublin to Cork, where up to 140-160 sunshine hours may be recorded by the end of the month.

www.predictweather.com Least sunshine hours expected in the south around Newport once more and in the north around Ballykelly where only an estimated 76 sunshine hours and 100 sunshine hours respectively are anticipated.

August Temperatures: This month completes the summer season with once more cooler than average temperature expectations overall, with August expected to record temperatures around 1.2C less than average. Again, particularly cooler temperatures overall can be expected in Ulster, with some places cooler by up to almost 2C less than average, while the central Provinces of Connaught and Leinster can expect temperatures around the 0.5-1.5C less than average. In Munster however, some particularly cooler pockets can be expected around the Tralee Bay region where temperatures may be as cold as 3.3C less than average overall for this month. In comparison, just over the ranges around Killarney, temperatures may be far milder and closer to average. Once more no frosts are expected this month, with daily minimums average around 10-12C and ranging between 3-15C, with particularly cool minimums being recorded around the 16th-17th, 21st-24th when temperatures are likely to dip as low as 8-10C and 26th-28th, when lows may be recorded as low as 3C in some pockets in Ulster and Munster. Maximum temperatures are expected to be fairly consistent this month ranging between 14-20 C and average at around 17-18C but some warmer peaks around the 2nd-3rd, 13th and 19th in Leinster and the 28th in Munster may see daily maximas reaching into the early 20s. Key Points: Cooler than average overall by an estimated 1.2C. Cooler by up to 2C in some parts of Ulster and up to 3C cooler around Tralee to the south. Warmest pockets expected around the east in the Killarney region. No frosts are expected. Ulster can expect up to 3 days to reach 20C, Munster 10 days, Leinster 12 days and Connaught 3 days. Warmest periods expected in the 2nd week around the 2nd-3rd, to the east around the 12th-13th and again 17th-21st and in most places except the far north around the 27th-31st.

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Warm spells (maximas above 20C): Leinster: 2nd-4th, 17th-20th, 29th-31st Munster: 2nd-4th, 17th-20th, 29th-31st Frost Potentials (<4C): No frosts are expected this month although scattered overnight low temperatures may drop as low as 3C around the 26th-28th. Hail Potentials: No hail is expected this month Snow Potentials: No snow expected this month Fogs Possible: Munster: 24th Strong winds: No strong winds are expected this month Flooding Potential: Ulster: 19th-21st

www.predictweather.com Rainfall August 2011 Rainfall Wetter / Drier Expectations

ULSTER PROVINCE Aldergrove 15% wtr Hillsborough Armagh (Northern Ireland?) LoughNavar Malin Head 6% wtr 6% wtr 71% wtr 2% drr Overall 21% wtr

CONNAUGHT PROVINCE Sligo 7% Ardtarmon 14% drr Belmullet 20% drr Drumsna 16% drr Galway 27% drr Roscommon (orOverall Athlone) 28% drr 19% drr

AUGUST 2011 wtr / drr %

drr

LEINSTER PROVINCE Markree Castle Edenderry 8% drr 29% drr Kilkenny 55% drr Dublin 21% drr Overall 27% drr

2011 Overall 6% drr

MUNSTER PROVINCE Shannon 16% drr Newport 8% wtr Tralee 93% wtr Killarney 32% drr Cork 60% drr Overall 1% drr

Sunshine August 2011 Sunshine Sunnier / Cloudier Expectations

ULSTER PROVINCE Aldergrove 10% cldr Hillsborough Armagh (Northern Ireland?) LoughNavar Malin Head 0% av 9% cldr 18% cldr 2% cldr Overall 8% cldr

CONNAUGHT PROVINCE Sligo 0% Ardtarmon 1% snnr av Belmullet 6% cldr Drumsna 24% snnr Galway 10% snnr Roscommon (orOverall Athlone) 8% snnr 5% snnr

MAY 2011 snnr / cldr

LEINSTER PROVINCE Markree Castle Edenderry 12% snnr 12% snnr Kilkenny 14% snnr Dublin 4% snnr Overall 10% snnr

2011 Overall 6% snnr

MUNSTER PROVINCE Shannon 13% snnr Newport 22% snnr Tralee 19% snnr Killarney 19% snnr Cork 21% snnr Overall 19% snnr

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Temperatures AUGUST 2011 Temperatures Warmer / Cooler Expectations

ULSTER
August Est av Diff Trend
17.2 18.6 16.7 18.6 17.3 19.2 15.9 15.5 16.6

CONNAUGHT
17.0 18 17.4 18 17.0

LEINSTER
18.8 19.6 18.3 18.6 18.3 19.2

MUNSTER
KillarneyCork
18.2 18 17.9 18.2

Aldergrove Hillsborough Armagh (Northern Malin Head LoughNavar Ireland?)DrumsnaGalway Roscommon (or Athlone) ShannonNewport Tralee Kilkenny Dublin 17.6 (1.7) clr 18.3 (1.3) clr
17.4 19 15.9 19.2

Total 17.2 18.4 (1.2) clr

(1.4) clr

(1.9) clr

(1.9) clr

(1.1) clr

(1.0) a-c

(0.6) a-c

(0.8) a-c

(0.3) av

(0.9) a-c

(1.6) clr

(3.3) clr

0.2 av

(0.3) av

Estimated Trend of Maximum Temperature (Province Averages)

25 20 Temp Deg C 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 August 2011 Ulster Connaught Leinster Munster

Estimated Trend of Minimum Temperatures (Province Averages)

18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 August 2011 Ulster Connaught Leinster Munster

Temp Deg C

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Ken Ring 2011

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