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Faculty of Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
Report about
Patch Antenna
Course Title : Antenna And Wave Propagation (404463) Supervisor : Dr. Omar Al-Sarayra.
Abstract
Antennas are key components of any wireless communication system. They are the devices that allow for the transfer of a signal (in a wired system) to waves that, in turn, propagate through space and can be received by another antenna. The receiving antenna is responsible for the reciprocal process, i.e., that of turning an electromagnetic wave into a signal or voltage at its terminals that can subsequently be processed by the receiver. The fast growing in communication systems leads by the revolution in Antenna Engineering, which creates various geometries of antennas like dipoles, YagiUda, horns and Patch & Microstrip Patch Antenna. Patch Antenna is our concern in this report.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Patch Antenna are widely used in microwave frequency region because of there computability with Printed Circuit Board (PCB) technology and its simplicity in manufacture. The simplest form of the patch antenna consists of a metal patch (usually rectangular or circular) over a grounded substrate, as shown in Figure 1.1. (1)
Fig. 1.1: (a) Rectangular Patch Antenna and (b) Circular Patch Antenna Many methods are used to feed the patch; the most common method is using coaxial probe feed as depicted in Figure 1.2.
(2-1)
(2-2)
The usual mode of operation for a broadside pattern is the TM10 mode, which has no y variation and has a length L that is approximately one-half wavelength in the dielectric. In this mode the patch essentially acts as a wide microstrip line of width W that forms a Transmission-line resonator of length L. The width W is usually larger than the length L
in order to increase the bandwidth, according to equation (2-2) where Qsp is The Quality Factor for the (desired) radiation into space inversely proportional to Bandwidth (see equation 2-3). A ratio W/L = 1.5 is typical for rectangular patch antenna.
(2-3)
(3-1)
The far-field pattern may be calculated assuming that the substrate is infinite or truncated at the edges of the patch. For thin substrates the truncation of the substrate does not have a significant effect on the pattern except near the horizon (q approaching 90) in the E-plane. For an infinite substrate the pattern will tuck in and go to zero at the horizon, while for a Fig. 3.1: The Pattern of Patch truncated substrate the pattern will remain >>>Antenna in Azimuth Plane nonzero down to the horizon in the E-plane.
Note that in figure 3.2 The Eplane is shown with a solid line and the H-plane is shown with a dashed line.
Fig. 3.2: Far-field patterns of a rectangular patch on an infinite ground plane and substrate.
4.0 APPLICATIONS
Patch antenna is widely used in many communication systems like GPS satellites which operate at frequency of 1575 MHz, wireless Local Area Network (LAN) -2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz -,Broadband Stacked Patch Antenna for Bluetooth Applications and in Cellular Networks.
Fig. 3.2: Model of microstrip patch antenna; edge-fed with quarter wavelength transformer section to 50 transmission line.
Fig. 5.1: Model of microstrip patch antenna; edge-fed with quarter wavelength transformer section to 145 transmission line. The final dimensions of the entire microstrip patch antenna are
W: 118.58mm L: 100.25 mm
6.0 CONCLUSION
This report covered basic antenna definition and explained terms frequently encountered in examining antenna patterns. Also, the basic properties of linear polarized and circular polarized patch antennas have been covered. We defined a basic set of specifications that allow the user to understand and write a set of requirements for a specific application. The Besides the ones covered here,
7.0 REFERENCES
1) McGraw-Hill - Antenna Engineering Handbook, 4th Edition Dr. John L. Volakis 2) The Basics of Patch Antennas Dr. Orban and G.J.K. Moernaut 3) Design and Calculations http://www.emtalk.com/mpacalc.php?er=2.2&h=2&h_units_list=hmm&fr=1&Operation =Synthesize&La=99.9973025115&L_units_list=Lmm&Wa=118.288232684&W_units_l ist=Wmm&Rin=144 4) Microstrip Patch Antenna Calculator http://www.emtalk.com/mpacalc.php